fix(cve-2025-61729): Upgrade Golang to 1.23.12

[kislaykishore]

Description

Upgrade Golang to 1.23.12

Link to the issue in case of a bug fix.

b/462792349, b/460451405

Testing details

1. Manual - NA
2. Unit tests - NA
3. Integration tests - NA

Any backward incompatible change? If so, please explain.

No

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
⚠️ Please upload report for BASE (v2.5.3_release@498e8d2). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                @@
##             v2.5.3_release    #4112   +/-   ##
=================================================
  Coverage                  ?   78.86%           
=================================================
  Files                     ?      106           
  Lines                     ?    11694           
  Branches                  ?        0           
=================================================
  Hits                      ?     9223           
  Misses                    ?     1993           
  Partials                  ?      478           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	78.86% <ø> (?)

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