Update dockerfile dependencies (#4514)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpine | final | minor | `3.23` → `3.24` |
| [docker/dockerfile](https://redirect.github.com/moby/buildkit) |
syntax | minor | `1.24` → `1.25` |
| golang | stage | digest | `f1ddd9f` → `3ad5730` |
| mysql | final | pinDigest |  → `7dcddc0` |
| [node](https://redirect.github.com/nodejs/node) | final | digest |
`21f403a` → `a0b9bf0` |

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flow/e2e/test_data/mysql-debug/Dockerfile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # plus mysqld-debug, then route only the final foreground server to mysqld-debug. The stock
 # entrypoint's config checks, datadir initialization, and temporary init server keep using the
 # release binary because the debug binary can trip InnoDB assertions on that path.
-ARG MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.46
+ARG MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.46@sha256:7dcddc01f13bab2f15cde676d44d01f61fc9f99fe7785e86196dfc07d358ae2b
 FROM mysql:${MYSQL_VERSION}
 ARG MYSQL_VERSION
 

stacks/flow.Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.24@sha256:87999aa3d42bdc6bea60565083ee17e86d1f3339802f543c0d03998580f9cb89
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.25@sha256:0adf442eae370b6087e08edc7c50b552d80ddf261576f4ebd6421006b2461f12
 
-FROM golang:1.26-alpine@sha256:f1ddd9fe14fffc091dd98cb4bfa999f32c5fc77d2f2305ea9f0e2595c5437c14 AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26-alpine@sha256:3ad57304ad93bbec8548a0437ad9e06a455660655d9af011d58b993f6f615648 AS builder
 # Allow build flags to be passed in at build time, for example debug flags
 ARG DEBUG_BUILD
 ENV DEBUG_BUILD=${DEBUG_BUILD}
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" if [[ "$DEBUG_BUILD" = "1"
     go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest; \
   fi
 
-FROM alpine:3.23@sha256:5b10f432ef3da1b8d4c7eb6c487f2f5a8f096bc91145e68878dd4a5019afde11 AS flow-base
+FROM alpine:3.24@sha256:28bd5fe8b56d1bd048e5babf5b10710ebe0bae67db86916198a6eec434943f8b AS flow-base
 ENV TZ=UTC
 ADD --checksum=sha256:e5bb2084ccf45087bda1c9bffdea0eb15ee67f0b91646106e466714f9de3c7e3 https://truststore.pki.rds.amazonaws.com/global/global-bundle.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/global-aws-rds-bundle.pem
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates geos && \

stacks/peerdb-server.Dockerfile

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry \
     mkdir -p /root/target && \
     cp target/${BUILD_MODE}/peerdb-server /root/target/
 
-FROM alpine:3.23@sha256:5b10f432ef3da1b8d4c7eb6c487f2f5a8f096bc91145e68878dd4a5019afde11
+FROM alpine:3.24@sha256:28bd5fe8b56d1bd048e5babf5b10710ebe0bae67db86916198a6eec434943f8b
 ENV TZ=UTC
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates postgresql-client curl iputils && \
   adduser -s /bin/sh -D peerdb && \

stacks/peerdb-ui.Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.24@sha256:87999aa3d42bdc6bea60565083ee17e86d1f3339802f543c0d03998580f9cb89
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.25@sha256:0adf442eae370b6087e08edc7c50b552d80ddf261576f4ebd6421006b2461f12
 
 # Base stage
-FROM node:24-alpine@sha256:21f403ab171f2dc89bad4dd69d7721bfd15f084ccb46cdd225f31f2bc59b5c9a AS base
+FROM node:24-alpine@sha256:a0b9bf06e4e6193cf7a0f58816cc935ff8c2a908f81e6f1a95432d679c54fbfd AS base
 ENV TZ=UTC
 ENV NPM_CONFIG_UPDATE_NOTIFIER=false
 RUN apk add --no-cache openssl && \