Use ClangFormat as code formatter for examples

The code formatting tool used by the Arduino IDE 1.x "Auto Format" feature is "Artistic Style". This was changed to
ClangFormat in Arduino IDE 2.x. Now that the stable Arduino IDE 2.0.0 release has been made, this is now the official
code formatting tool for use with Arduino sketches.

Due to differences in the two tools, some unavoidable minor changes occurred in the formatting style. This meant that
the Arduino IDE 2.x user may experience some unexpected changes to the unmodified official example sketches when running
an "Auto Format". So the examples in this repository must be formatted to comply with the updated Arduino code style.

The changes are mostly the result of ClangFormat being more "opinionated" than "Artistic Style" was under the fairly
light-handed formatter configuration used by Arduino IDE 1.x Auto Format. Due to this factor, formatting changes
required to bring the examples into compliance with the new style mostly do not conflict with the Arduino IDE 1.x style.
The only exception is the more complex code of the ArduinoISP sketch. In this case, the sketch is more of a utility
program than an example, so the formatting changes will not be impactful for users who continue to use the outdated
Arduino IDE version.

Author: per1234

Diff for: .clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+# Source: https://github.com/arduino/tooling-project-assets/tree/main/other/clang-format-configuration
+---
+AccessModifierOffset: -2
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignArrayOfStructures: None
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments: None
+AlignConsecutiveBitFields: None
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: None
+AlignConsecutiveMacros: None
+AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
+AlignOperands: Align
+AlignTrailingComments: true
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Always
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: AllIfsAndElse
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: No
+AttributeMacros:
+  - __capability
+BasedOnStyle: LLVM
+BinPackArguments: true
+BinPackParameters: true
+BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel: false
+  AfterClass: false
+  AfterControlStatement: Never
+  AfterEnum: false
+  AfterFunction: false
+  AfterNamespace: false
+  AfterObjCDeclaration: false
+  AfterStruct: false
+  AfterUnion: false
+  AfterExternBlock: false
+  BeforeCatch: false
+  BeforeElse: false
+  BeforeLambdaBody: false
+  BeforeWhile: false
+  IndentBraces: false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: true
+  SplitEmptyRecord: true
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+BreakBeforeConceptDeclarations: false
+BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: false
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
+BreakConstructorInitializersBeforeComma: false
+BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
+BreakStringLiterals: false
+ColumnLimit: 0
+CommentPragmas: ''
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 2
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 2
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: false
+DeriveLineEnding: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: true
+DisableFormat: false
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Leave
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Leave
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: false
+ForEachMacros:
+  - foreach
+  - Q_FOREACH
+  - BOOST_FOREACH
+IfMacros:
+  - KJ_IF_MAYBE
+IncludeBlocks: Preserve
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex: '^"(llvm|llvm-c|clang|clang-c)/'
+    Priority: 2
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: '^(<|"(gtest|gmock|isl|json)/)'
+    Priority: 3
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: '.*'
+    Priority: 1
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+IncludeIsMainRegex: ''
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
+IndentAccessModifiers: false
+IndentCaseBlocks: true
+IndentCaseLabels: true
+IndentExternBlock: Indent
+IndentGotoLabels: false
+IndentPPDirectives: None
+IndentRequires: true
+IndentWidth: 2
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertTrailingCommas: None
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+Language: Cpp
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd: ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 100000
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
+ObjCBreakBeforeNestedBlockParam: true
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PPIndentWidth: -1
+PackConstructorInitializers: BinPack
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 1
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
+PenaltyBreakComment: 1
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 1
+PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 1
+PenaltyBreakString: 1
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 1
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1
+PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 1
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 1
+PointerAlignment: Right
+QualifierAlignment: Leave
+ReferenceAlignment: Pointer
+ReflowComments: false
+RemoveBracesLLVM: false
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Leave
+ShortNamespaceLines: 0
+SortIncludes: Never
+SortJavaStaticImport: Before
+SortUsingDeclarations: false
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: false
+SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: Default
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeParensOptions:
+  AfterControlStatements: true
+  AfterForeachMacros: true
+  AfterFunctionDefinitionName: false
+  AfterFunctionDeclarationName: false
+  AfterIfMacros: true
+  AfterOverloadedOperator: false
+  BeforeNonEmptyParentheses: false
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
+SpacesInAngles: Leave
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInConditionalStatement: false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
+SpacesInLineCommentPrefix:
+  Minimum: 0
+  Maximum: -1
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard: Auto
+StatementAttributeLikeMacros:
+  - Q_EMIT
+StatementMacros:
+  - Q_UNUSED
+  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
+TabWidth: 2
+UseCRLF: false
+UseTab: Never
+WhitespaceSensitiveMacros:
+  - STRINGIZE
+  - PP_STRINGIZE
+  - BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE
+  - NS_SWIFT_NAME
+  - CF_SWIFT_NAME

Diff for: .github/workflows/code-formatting-check.yml

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/code-formatting-check.yml"
-      - "examples_formatter.conf"
+      - ".clang-format"
       - "examples_formatter.sh"
       - "examples/**"
   push:
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/code-formatting-check.yml"
-      - "examples_formatter.conf"
+      - ".clang-format"
       - "examples_formatter.sh"
       - "examples/**"
 
@@ -19,31 +19,34 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     env:
-      # See: https://sourceforge.net/projects/astyle/files/astyle/
-      ASTYLE_VERSION: 3.1
+      # See: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-ide/blob/main/arduino-ide-extension/package.json
+      CLANG_FORMAT_VERSION: 14.0.0
 
     steps:
+      - name: Set environment variables
+        run: |
+          # See: https://docs.github.com/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-environment-variable
+          echo "CLANG_FORMAT_INSTALL_PATH=${{ runner.temp }}/clang-format" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      # See: http://astyle.sourceforge.net/
-      - name: Download Artistic Style
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v1
+      - name: Download ClangFormat
+        id: download
+        uses: MrOctopus/download-asset-action@1.0
         with:
-          file-url: https://cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net/project/astyle/astyle/astyle%20${{ env.ASTYLE_VERSION }}/astyle_${{ env.ASTYLE_VERSION }}_linux.tar.gz
-          location: ${{ runner.temp }}/astyle
+          repository: arduino/clang-static-binaries
+          tag: ${{ env.CLANG_FORMAT_VERSION }}
+          asset: clang-format_${{ env.CLANG_FORMAT_VERSION }}_Linux_64bit.tar.bz2
+          target: ${{ env.CLANG_FORMAT_INSTALL_PATH }}
 
-      # See: http://astyle.sourceforge.net/install.html#_GCC_Makefile
-      - name: Build Artistic Style
+      - name: Install ClangFormat
         run: |
-          # Build Artistic Style
-          cd "${{ runner.temp }}/astyle"
-          tar --extract --file="astyle_${{ env.ASTYLE_VERSION }}_linux.tar.gz"
-          cd "astyle/build/gcc"
-          make
+          cd "${{ env.CLANG_FORMAT_INSTALL_PATH }}"
+          tar --extract --file="${{ steps.download.outputs.name }}"
           # Add installation to PATH:
           # See: https://docs.github.com/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#adding-a-system-path
-          echo "${{ runner.temp }}/astyle/astyle/build/gcc/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo "${{ env.CLANG_FORMAT_INSTALL_PATH }}/clang_Linux_64bit" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
 
       - name: Format examples
         run: ./examples_formatter.sh

Diff for: examples/01.Basics/AnalogReadSerial/AnalogReadSerial.ino

@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ void loop() {
   int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
   // print out the value you read:
   Serial.println(sensorValue);
-  delay(1);        // delay in between reads for stability
+  delay(1);  // delay in between reads for stability
 }

Diff for: examples/01.Basics/BareMinimum/BareMinimum.ino

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 void setup() {
   // put your setup code here, to run once:
-
 }
 
 void loop() {
   // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
-
 }

Diff for: examples/01.Basics/Blink/Blink.ino

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ void setup() {
 
 // the loop function runs over and over again forever
 void loop() {
-  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
-  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
-  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
-  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
+  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);  // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
+  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
+  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
+  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
 }

Diff for: examples/01.Basics/DigitalReadSerial/DigitalReadSerial.ino

@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ void loop() {
   int buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton);
   // print out the state of the button:
   Serial.println(buttonState);
-  delay(1);        // delay in between reads for stability
+  delay(1);  // delay in between reads for stability
 }

Diff for: examples/01.Basics/Fade/Fade.ino

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
   https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/Fade
 */
 
-int led = 9;           // the PWM pin the LED is attached to
-int brightness = 0;    // how bright the LED is
-int fadeAmount = 5;    // how many points to fade the LED by
+int led = 9;         // the PWM pin the LED is attached to
+int brightness = 0;  // how bright the LED is
+int fadeAmount = 5;  // how many points to fade the LED by
 
 // the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
 void setup() {

Diff for: examples/02.Digital/BlinkWithoutDelay/BlinkWithoutDelay.ino

@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@
 */
 
 // constants won't change. Used here to set a pin number:
-const int ledPin =  LED_BUILTIN;// the number of the LED pin
+const int ledPin = LED_BUILTIN;  // the number of the LED pin
 
 // Variables will change:
-int ledState = LOW;             // ledState used to set the LED
+int ledState = LOW;  // ledState used to set the LED
 
 // Generally, you should use "unsigned long" for variables that hold time
 // The value will quickly become too large for an int to store
-unsigned long previousMillis = 0;        // will store last time LED was updated
+unsigned long previousMillis = 0;  // will store last time LED was updated
 
 // constants won't change:
-const long interval = 1000;           // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
+const long interval = 1000;  // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
 
 void setup() {
   // set the digital pin as output:

Diff for: examples/02.Digital/Button/Button.ino

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 */
 
 // constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:
-const int buttonPin = 2;     // the number of the pushbutton pin
-const int ledPin =  13;      // the number of the LED pin
+const int buttonPin = 2;  // the number of the pushbutton pin
+const int ledPin = 13;    // the number of the LED pin
 
 // variables will change:
-int buttonState = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status
+int buttonState = 0;  // variable for reading the pushbutton status
 
 void setup() {
   // initialize the LED pin as an output:

Diff for: examples/02.Digital/Debounce/Debounce.ino

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@
 */
 
 // constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:
-const int buttonPin = 2;    // the number of the pushbutton pin
-const int ledPin = 13;      // the number of the LED pin
+const int buttonPin = 2;  // the number of the pushbutton pin
+const int ledPin = 13;    // the number of the LED pin
 
 // Variables will change:
-int ledState = HIGH;         // the current state of the output pin
-int buttonState;             // the current reading from the input pin
-int lastButtonState = LOW;   // the previous reading from the input pin
+int ledState = HIGH;        // the current state of the output pin
+int buttonState;            // the current reading from the input pin
+int lastButtonState = LOW;  // the previous reading from the input pin
 
 // the following variables are unsigned longs because the time, measured in
 // milliseconds, will quickly become a bigger number than can be stored in an int.

Diff for: examples/02.Digital/DigitalInputPullup/DigitalInputPullup.ino

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ void setup() {
   //configure pin 2 as an input and enable the internal pull-up resistor
   pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);
   pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
-
 }
 
 void loop() {

Diff for: examples/02.Digital/StateChangeDetection/StateChangeDetection.ino

@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@
 */
 
 // this constant won't change:
-const int  buttonPin = 2;    // the pin that the pushbutton is attached to
-const int ledPin = 13;       // the pin that the LED is attached to
+const int buttonPin = 2;  // the pin that the pushbutton is attached to
+const int ledPin = 13;    // the pin that the LED is attached to
 
 // Variables will change:
-int buttonPushCounter = 0;   // counter for the number of button presses
-int buttonState = 0;         // current state of the button
-int lastButtonState = 0;     // previous state of the button
+int buttonPushCounter = 0;  // counter for the number of button presses
+int buttonState = 0;        // current state of the button
+int lastButtonState = 0;    // previous state of the button
 
 void setup() {
   // initialize the button pin as a input:
@@ -75,5 +75,4 @@ void loop() {
   } else {
     digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
   }
-
 }