pythongh-120158: Fix monitoring state when setting events too frequently

If we overflowed the global version counter (i.e., after 2*24 calls to
_PyMonitoring_SetEvents), we bailed out after setting global monitoring
events but before insturmenting code objects, which led to assertion
errors later on.

Also add a time.sleep() to test_free_threading.test_monitoring to avoid
overflowing the global version counter.

Author: colesbury

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-11-22-10-43-26.gh-issue-120158.41_rXd.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix inconsistent state when enabling or disabling monitoring events too many
+times.

Python/instrumentation.c

@@ -2021,12 +2021,12 @@ _PyMonitoring_SetEvents(int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEventSet events)
     if (existing_events == events) {
         return 0;
     }
-    set_events(&interp->monitors, tool_id, events);
     uint32_t new_version = global_version(interp) + MONITORING_VERSION_INCREMENT;
     if (new_version == 0) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError, "events set too many times");
         return -1;
     }
+    set_events(&interp->monitors, tool_id, events);
     set_global_version(tstate, new_version);
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
     _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(interp, 1);