[18-30] Replace typedefs with alias-declarations (#704)

This set of changes replace (almost) all use of 'typedef' in the library
    with a type alias instead:
        typedef Original NewName;
     ->
        using NewName = Original;

    Attention was paid to retaining table-like formatting where present, which
    is worth reviewing in case I made idiosyncratic choices.

    Clause 29 [atomic] was specifically ignored, as there is a desire for the
    contained code to look as close to a C compatible header as possible.

Author: Alisdair Meredith

source/containers.tex

@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@
     virtual streambuf* setbuf(char* s, streamsize n);
 
   private:
-    typedef T1 strstate;              // \expos
-    static const strstate allocated;  //  \expos
+    using strstate = T1;              // \expos
+    static const strstate allocated;  // \expos
     static const strstate constant;   // \expos
     static const strstate dynamic;    // \expos
     static const strstate frozen;     // \expos
@@ -996,10 +996,10 @@
     : public basic_iostream<char> {
   public:
     // Types
-    typedef char                                char_type;
-    typedef typename char_traits<char>::int_type int_type;
-    typedef typename char_traits<char>::pos_type pos_type;
-    typedef typename char_traits<char>::off_type off_type;
+    using char_type = char;
+    using int_type  = char_traits<char>::int_type;
+    using pos_type  = char_traits<char>::pos_type;
+    using off_type  = char_traits<char>::off_type;
 
     // constructors/destructor
     strstream();
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@
 
 \indexlibrary{\idxcode{unexpected_handler}}%
 \begin{itemdecl}
-typedef void (*unexpected_handler)();
+using unexpected_handler = void (*)();
 \end{itemdecl}
 
 \begin{itemdescr}
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
 To enable old function adaptors to manipulate function objects
 that take one or two arguments,
 many of the function objects in this standard
-correspondingly provide typedefs
+correspondingly provide \grammarterm{typedef-name}{s}
 \tcode{argument_type} and \tcode{result_type}
 for function objects that take one argument and
 \tcode{first_argument_type}, \tcode{second_argument_type}, and \tcode{result_type}
@@ -1287,147 +1287,147 @@
 \begin{codeblock}
 namespace std {
   template<class T> struct owner_less<shared_ptr<T> > {
-    typedef bool result_type;
-    typedef shared_ptr<T> first_argument_type;
-    typedef shared_ptr<T> second_argument_type;
+    using result_type          = bool;
+    using first_argument_type  = shared_ptr<T>;
+    using second_argument_type = shared_ptr<T>;
   };
 
   template<class T> struct owner_less<weak_ptr<T> > {
-    typedef bool result_type;
-    typedef weak_ptr<T> first_argument_type;
-    typedef weak_ptr<T> second_argument_type;
+    using result_type          = bool;
+    using first_argument_type  = weak_ptr<T>;
+    using second_argument_type = weak_ptr<T>;
   };
 
   template <class T> class reference_wrapper {
   public :
-    typedef @\seebelow@ result_type;              // not always defined
-    typedef @\seebelow@ argument_type;            // not always defined
-    typedef @\seebelow@ first_argument_type;      // not always defined
-    typedef @\seebelow@ second_argument_type;     // not always defined
+    using result_type          = @\seebelow@; // not always defined
+    using argument_type        = @\seebelow@; // not always defined
+    using first_argument_type  = @\seebelow@; // not always defined
+    using second_argument_type = @\seebelow@; // not always defined
   };
 
   template <class T> struct plus {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct minus {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct multiplies {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct divides {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct modulus {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct negate {
-    typedef T argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using argument_type = T;
+    using result_type   = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct equal_to {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct not_equal_to {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct greater {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct less {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct greater_equal {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct less_equal {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct logical_and {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct logical_or {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct logical_not {
-    typedef T argument_type;
-    typedef bool result_type;
+    using argument_type = T;
+    using result_type   = bool;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct bit_and {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct bit_or {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct bit_xor {
-    typedef T first_argument_type;
-    typedef T second_argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T;
+    using second_argument_type = T;
+    using result_type          = T;
   };
 
   template <class T> struct bit_not {
-    typedef T argument_type;
-    typedef T result_type;
+    using argument_type = T;
+    using result_type   = T;
   };
 
   template<class R, class T1>
   class function<R(T1)> {
   public:
-    typedef T1 argument_type;
+    using argument_type = T1;
   };
 
   template<class R, class T1, class T2>
   class function<R(T1, T2)> {
   public:
-    typedef T1 first_argument_type;
-    typedef T2 second_argument_type;
+    using first_argument_type  = T1;
+    using second_argument_type = T2;
   };
 }
 \end{codeblock}
@@ -1525,17 +1525,17 @@
   template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
   class map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>::value_compare {
   public:
-    typedef bool result_type;
-    typedef value_type first_argument_type;
-    typedef value_type second_argument_type;
+    using result_type          = bool;
+    using first_argument_type  = value_type;
+    using second_argument_type = value_type;
   };
 
   template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
   class multimap<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>::value_compare {
   public:
-    typedef bool result_type;
-    typedef value_type first_argument_type;
-    typedef value_type second_argument_type;
+    using result_type          = bool;
+    using first_argument_type  = value_type;
+    using second_argument_type = value_type;
   };
 }
 \end{codeblock}
@@ -1568,8 +1568,8 @@
 public:
   constexpr explicit unary_negate(const Predicate& pred);
   constexpr bool operator()(const typename Predicate::argument_type& x) const;
-  typedef typename Predicate::argument_type argument_type;
-  typedef bool result_type;
+  using argument_type = typename Predicate::argument_type;
+  using result_type   = bool;
 };
 \end{codeblock}
 
@@ -1600,9 +1600,10 @@
   constexpr explicit binary_negate(const Predicate& pred);
   constexpr bool operator()(const typename Predicate::first_argument_type& x,
                             const typename Predicate::second_argument_type& y) const;
-  typedef typename Predicate::first_argument_type first_argument_type;
-  typedef typename Predicate::second_argument_type second_argument_type;
-  typedef bool result_type;
+  using first_argument_type  = typename Predicate::first_argument_type;
+  using second_argument_type = typename Predicate::second_argument_type;
+  using result_type          = bool;
+
 };
 \end{codeblock}