From efc1783f11faa0a67e1924fe747a82b2dcc04381 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 8 May 2026 17:50:44 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/19] Add Switch language to the user's profile

---
 app/package.json                              |    3 +
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py  |    2 +-
 .../ui/components/AIAssistantProvider.tsx     |    9 +-
 .../ui/components/AICheckGenerator.tsx        |   36 +-
 .../ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx               |   27 +-
 .../ui/components/CatalogBrowser.tsx          |   38 +-
 .../ui/components/ColumnDiscoveryPanel.tsx    |   52 +-
 .../ui/components/CommentThread.tsx           |   14 +-
 .../ui/components/DryRunResults.tsx           |   49 +-
 .../ui/components/Labels.tsx                  |   69 +-
 .../ui/components/RoleManagement.tsx          |  115 +-
 .../ui/components/RulesReview.tsx             |   30 +-
 .../ui/components/apx/HeaderUserMenu.tsx      |    6 +-
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx    |   65 +
 .../ui/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb.tsx      |    4 +-
 .../ui/components/apx/SidebarLayout.tsx       |    4 +-
 .../ui/components/apx/SidebarUserFooter.tsx   |    4 +-
 .../ui/components/apx/mode-toggle.tsx         |    4 +-
 .../ui/lib/i18n/index.ts                      |   44 +
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json               | 1253 +++++++++++++++++
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json               | 1253 +++++++++++++++++
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json               | 1253 +++++++++++++++++
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json            | 1253 +++++++++++++++++
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx   |    1 +
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/config.tsx             |   92 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/discovery.tsx          |   75 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/home.tsx               |   23 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/profile.tsx            |  106 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/profiler.tsx           |  226 +--
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/route.tsx              |   20 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx       |  124 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create-sql.tsx   |  145 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create.tsx       |   62 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.drafts.tsx       |  251 ++--
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.import.tsx       |  123 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx |  475 +++----
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/runs-history.tsx       |  126 +-
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx               |  494 ++++---
 38 files changed, 6604 insertions(+), 1326 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
 create mode 100644 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json

diff --git a/app/package.json b/app/package.json
index fce6c3d01..7756594a4 100644
--- a/app/package.json
+++ b/app/package.json
@@ -25,12 +25,15 @@
     "axios": "^1.13.1",
     "class-variance-authority": "^0.7.1",
     "clsx": "^2.1.1",
+    "i18next": "^26.0.8",
+    "i18next-browser-languagedetector": "^8.2.1",
     "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
     "lucide-react": "^0.548.0",
     "motion": "^12.23.24",
     "react": "^19.2.0",
     "react-dom": "^19.2.0",
     "react-error-boundary": "^6.0.0",
+    "react-i18next": "^17.0.6",
     "sonner": "^2.0.7",
     "tailwind-merge": "^3.3.1",
     "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0"
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
index b517c9e11..c4f660c7f 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 app_name = "DQX Studio"
 app_module = "databricks_labs_dqx_app.backend.app:app"
 app_slug = "databricks_labs_dqx_app"
-api_prefix = "/api"
+api_prefix = "/api"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AIAssistantProvider.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AIAssistantProvider.tsx
index f8555bf39..493048529 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AIAssistantProvider.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AIAssistantProvider.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useCallback, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import { Sparkles } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import {
   Sheet,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ export function useAIAssistant() {
 }
 
 export function AIAssistantTrigger() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { setOpen } = useAIAssistant();
   return (
     <Button
@@ -41,12 +43,13 @@ export function AIAssistantTrigger() {
       className="gap-2"
     >
       <Sparkles className="h-4 w-4" />
-      <span className="hidden sm:inline">AI Rules Assistant</span>
+      <span className="hidden sm:inline">{t("navbar.aiAssistant")}</span>
     </Button>
   );
 }
 
 export function AIAssistantProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [isGenerating, setIsGenerating] = useState(false);
   const [runContext, setRunContext] = useState<RunContext | null>(null);
@@ -71,9 +74,9 @@ export function AIAssistantProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
       <Sheet open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
         <SheetContent side="right" className="sm:max-w-lg w-[500px] p-0">
           <SheetHeader className="sr-only">
-            <SheetTitle>AI Rules Assistant</SheetTitle>
+            <SheetTitle>{t("aiAssistant.title")}</SheetTitle>
             <SheetDescription>
-              Generate data quality rules using AI
+              {t("aiAssistant.description")}
             </SheetDescription>
           </SheetHeader>
           <AICheckGenerator
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AICheckGenerator.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AICheckGenerator.tsx
index 19cb4a540..faa96973e 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AICheckGenerator.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AICheckGenerator.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
 import { Card } from "@/components/ui/card";
@@ -16,22 +17,23 @@ interface AICheckGeneratorProps {
 }
 
 export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AICheckGeneratorProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [userInput, setUserInput] = useState("");
   const [generatedYaml, setGeneratedYaml] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
 
   const handleGenerate = async () => {
     if (!userInput.trim()) {
-      toast.error("Please enter a description of your data quality requirements");
+      toast.error(t("aiCheckGenerator.enterDescriptionFirst"));
       return;
     }
 
     try {
       const result = await onGenerate(userInput, runContext?.yaml);
       setGeneratedYaml(result.yaml_output);
-      toast.success("Checks generated successfully!");
+      toast.success(t("aiCheckGenerator.checksGenerated"));
     } catch (error) {
-      toast.error("Failed to generate checks. Please try again.");
+      toast.error(t("aiCheckGenerator.failedGenerate"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
     if (generatedYaml) {
       navigator.clipboard.writeText(generatedYaml);
       setCopied(true);
-      toast.success("YAML copied to clipboard");
+      toast.success(t("aiCheckGenerator.yamlCopied"));
       setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000);
     }
   };
@@ -59,9 +61,9 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
           <Sparkles className="h-5 w-5 text-primary" />
         </div>
         <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold">AI-Assisted Rules Generation</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold">{t("aiCheckGenerator.title")}</h2>
           <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Describe your data quality needs
+            {t("aiCheckGenerator.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
         <div className="mb-3">
           <Badge variant="secondary" className="gap-1.5 text-xs font-normal">
             <FileCode className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Using context from: {runContext.runName}
+            {t("aiCheckGenerator.usingContextFrom", { name: runContext.runName })}
           </Badge>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
             >
               <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-2">
                 <h3 className="text-sm font-semibold text-muted-foreground">
-                  Generated Checks
+                  {t("aiCheckGenerator.generatedChecks")}
                 </h3>
                 <Button
                   size="sm"
@@ -101,12 +103,12 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
                   {copied ? (
                     <>
                       <Check className="h-3 w-3" />
-                      Copied
+                      {t("aiCheckGenerator.copied")}
                     </>
                   ) : (
                     <>
                       <Copy className="h-3 w-3" />
-                      Copy
+                      {t("aiCheckGenerator.copy")}
                     </>
                   )}
                 </Button>
@@ -129,11 +131,11 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
               <div className="text-center space-y-4 text-muted-foreground">
                 <Sparkles className="h-16 w-16 mx-auto opacity-20" />
                 <div>
-                  <p className="font-medium">No rules generated yet</p>
+                  <p className="font-medium">{t("aiCheckGenerator.noRulesYet")}</p>
                   <p className="text-sm">
                     {runContext
-                      ? `Enter requirements for "${runContext.runName}" to get started`
-                      : "Enter your requirements below to get started"}
+                      ? t("aiCheckGenerator.enterRequirementsContext", { name: runContext.runName })
+                      : t("aiCheckGenerator.enterRequirements")}
                   </p>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -151,8 +153,8 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
             onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
             placeholder={
               runContext
-                ? `Describe rules for "${runContext.runName}"...`
-                : "Example: Sales amount must be positive"
+                ? t("aiCheckGenerator.describeRulesContext", { name: runContext.runName })
+                : t("aiCheckGenerator.examplePlaceholder")
             }
             className="min-h-[100px] resize-none pr-12 bg-card/50 backdrop-blur-sm"
             disabled={isGenerating}
@@ -173,8 +175,8 @@ export function AICheckGenerator({ onGenerate, isGenerating, runContext }: AIChe
           </div>
         </div>
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-          Press <kbd className="px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold bg-muted rounded">Enter</kbd> to generate or{" "}
-          <kbd className="px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold bg-muted rounded">Shift+Enter</kbd> for a new line
+          <kbd className="px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold bg-muted rounded">Enter</kbd> {t("aiCheckGenerator.kbdHint")}{" "}
+          <kbd className="px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold bg-muted rounded">Shift+Enter</kbd> {t("aiCheckGenerator.kbdHintSuffix")}
         </p>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
index b722bf08a..073031457 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import axios from "axios";
 import { Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { currentUser } from "@/lib/api";
 
 interface AuthGuardProps {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ interface AuthGuardProps {
  * with the backend OpenAPI spec.
  */
 export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [isAuthReady, setIsAuthReady] = useState(false);
   const [retryCount, setRetryCount] = useState(0);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
 
         if (retryCount < 15) {
           const delay = Math.min(1000 * Math.pow(1.3, retryCount), 3000);
-          
+
           timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
             if (!cancelled) {
               setRetryCount((prev) => prev + 1);
@@ -45,14 +47,17 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
         } else {
           const errorMessage = axios.isAxiosError(err)
             ? err.response?.status === 401
-              ? "Authentication timeout. The authentication flow did not complete."
-              : `Server error (${err.response?.status}): ${err.response?.statusText || err.message}`
+              ? t("auth.timeoutMessage")
+              : t("auth.serverErrorMessage", {
+                  status: err.response?.status ?? "",
+                  statusText: err.response?.statusText || err.message,
+                })
             : err instanceof Error
             ? err.message
-            : "Unknown connection error";
-          
+            : t("auth.unknownError");
+
           setError(
-            `${errorMessage}\n\nPlease refresh the page or contact your administrator if the problem persists.`
+            `${errorMessage}${t("auth.errorSuffix")}`
           );
         }
       }
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
         clearTimeout(timeoutId);
       }
     };
-  }, [retryCount, isAuthReady, error]);
+  }, [retryCount, isAuthReady, error, t]);
 
   // Show error state
   if (error) {
@@ -88,14 +93,14 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-background">
         <div className="text-center space-y-4 p-8 max-w-md">
           <div className="text-destructive text-lg font-semibold">
-            Authentication Error
+            {t("auth.errorTitle")}
           </div>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">{error}</p>
           <button
             onClick={() => window.location.reload()}
             className="px-4 py-2 bg-primary text-primary-foreground rounded-md hover:bg-primary/90"
           >
-            Refresh Page
+            {t("auth.refreshPage")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -108,9 +113,9 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-background">
         <div className="text-center space-y-4">
           <Loader2 className="h-12 w-12 animate-spin text-primary mx-auto" />
-          <div className="text-lg font-medium">Initializing DQX Studio...</div>
+          <div className="text-lg font-medium">{t("auth.loadingMessage")}</div>
           <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Setting up your workspace connection
+            {t("auth.loadingDescription")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CatalogBrowser.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CatalogBrowser.tsx
index ace148540..6bb0ebed2 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CatalogBrowser.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CatalogBrowser.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   Select,
   SelectContent,
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
   onAllTablesLoaded,
   disabledTables,
 }: CatalogBrowserProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [catalog, setCatalog] = useState("");
   const [schema, setSchema] = useState("");
   const [table, setTable] = useState("");
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
     <div className="space-y-3">
       <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
         <div className="grid gap-1.5">
-          <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Catalog</Label>
+          <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("catalogBrowser.catalog")}</Label>
           <Select
             value={catalog}
             onValueChange={handleCatalogChange}
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
               {catalogsLoading ? (
                 <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
               ) : (
-                <SelectValue placeholder="Select catalog" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("catalogBrowser.selectCatalog")} />
               )}
             </SelectTrigger>
             <SelectContent>
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
         </div>
 
         <div className="grid gap-1.5">
-          <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Schema</Label>
+          <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("catalogBrowser.schema")}</Label>
           <Select
             value={schema}
             onValueChange={handleSchemaChange}
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
               {schemasLoading ? (
                 <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
               ) : (
-                <SelectValue placeholder="Select schema" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("catalogBrowser.selectSchema")} />
               )}
             </SelectTrigger>
             <SelectContent>
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
 
         {!multiSelect && (
           <div className="grid gap-1.5">
-            <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Table</Label>
+            <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("catalogBrowser.table")}</Label>
             <Select
               value={table}
               onValueChange={handleTableChange}
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
                 {tablesLoading ? (
                   <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
                 ) : (
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="Select table" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("catalogBrowser.selectTable")} />
                 )}
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
@@ -242,13 +244,15 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
         {multiSelect && (
           <div className="grid gap-1.5">
             <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              Tables {currentSchemaSelectedCount > 0 && `(${currentSchemaSelectedCount} in this schema${selectedTables.length > currentSchemaSelectedCount ? `, ${selectedTables.length} total` : ""})`}
+              {t("catalogBrowser.tables")} {currentSchemaSelectedCount > 0 && (selectedTables.length > currentSchemaSelectedCount
+                ? t("catalogBrowser.tablesInSchemaWithTotal", { schema: currentSchemaSelectedCount, total: selectedTables.length })
+                : t("catalogBrowser.tablesInSchema", { schema: currentSchemaSelectedCount }))}
             </Label>
             <div className="h-9 flex items-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              {!schema ? "Select schema first" : tablesLoading ? (
+              {!schema ? t("catalogBrowser.selectSchemaFirst") : tablesLoading ? (
                 <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
               ) : (
-                `${tables.length} tables available`
+                t("catalogBrowser.tablesAvailable", { count: tables.length })
               )}
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
               disabled={disabled || currentSchemaSelectedCount === tables.length}
             >
               <CheckSquare className="h-3 w-3" />
-              Select All
+              {t("catalogBrowser.selectAll")}
             </Button>
             <Button
               variant="outline"
@@ -276,20 +280,20 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
               disabled={disabled || currentSchemaSelectedCount === 0}
             >
               <Square className="h-3 w-3" />
-              Clear
+              {t("catalogBrowser.clear")}
             </Button>
           </div>
           <div className="border rounded-md p-2 max-h-48 overflow-y-auto">
             <div className="grid grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-3 gap-1">
-              {tables.map((t) => {
-                const fqn = `${catalog}.${schema}.${t.name}`;
+              {tables.map((tbl) => {
+                const fqn = `${catalog}.${schema}.${tbl.name}`;
                 const isSelected = selectedTables.includes(fqn);
                 const isDisabledByFilter = disabledTables?.includes(fqn);
                 const isItemDisabled = disabled || isDisabledByFilter;
                 return (
                   <label
-                    key={t.name}
-                    title={isDisabledByFilter ? "Missing required columns" : undefined}
+                    key={tbl.name}
+                    title={isDisabledByFilter ? t("catalogBrowser.missingColumns") : undefined}
                     className={`flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-1.5 rounded text-sm transition-colors ${
                       isItemDisabled
                         ? "opacity-40 cursor-not-allowed"
@@ -301,11 +305,11 @@ export function CatalogBrowser({
                     <input
                       type="checkbox"
                       checked={isSelected}
-                      onChange={() => !isItemDisabled && toggleTable(t.name)}
+                      onChange={() => !isItemDisabled && toggleTable(tbl.name)}
                       disabled={isItemDisabled}
                       className="h-4 w-4 rounded border-gray-300"
                     />
-                    <span className="truncate font-mono text-xs">{t.name}</span>
+                    <span className="truncate font-mono text-xs">{tbl.name}</span>
                   </label>
                 );
               })}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/ColumnDiscoveryPanel.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/ColumnDiscoveryPanel.tsx
index 9ee657c68..d5fc55b42 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/ColumnDiscoveryPanel.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/ColumnDiscoveryPanel.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
 import {
   Select,
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
   defaultCollapsed = true,
   variant = "inline",
 }: ColumnDiscoveryPanelProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [catalog, setCatalog] = useState("");
   const [schema, setSchema] = useState("");
   const [table, setTable] = useState("");
@@ -189,12 +191,12 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
     }
     try {
       await navigator.clipboard.writeText(col.name);
-      toast.success(`Copied "${col.name}"`, {
-        description: "Paste into the column field.",
+      toast.success(t("columnDiscovery.copied", { name: col.name }), {
+        description: t("columnDiscovery.copyHint"),
         duration: 1500,
       });
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Could not copy to clipboard");
+      toast.error(t("columnDiscovery.couldNotCopy"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -219,11 +221,11 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
           )}
           <Database className="h-4 w-4 text-sky-600 dark:text-sky-400" />
           <span className="text-sky-900 dark:text-sky-200">
-            Column discovery
+            {t("columnDiscovery.title")}
           </span>
           {collapsed && (
             <span className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground font-normal">
-              (browse columns)
+              {t("columnDiscovery.browseColumns")}
             </span>
           )}
         </button>
@@ -238,8 +240,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
       </div>
       {!collapsed && (
         <p className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground leading-snug pl-6">
-          Quick lookup of columns in any UC table. Click a column to copy its
-          name; paste into the column field of any check below.
+          {t("columnDiscovery.hint")}
         </p>
       )}
     </>
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
         >
           <SelectTrigger className="h-8 text-xs w-full min-w-0">
             <SelectValue
-              placeholder={catalogsLoading ? "Loading…" : "Catalog"}
+              placeholder={catalogsLoading ? t("columnDiscovery.loading") : t("columnDiscovery.catalogPlaceholder")}
             />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
           <SelectTrigger className="h-8 text-xs w-full min-w-0">
             <SelectValue
               placeholder={
-                !catalog ? "Schema" : schemasLoading ? "Loading…" : "Schema"
+                !catalog ? t("columnDiscovery.schemaPlaceholder") : schemasLoading ? t("columnDiscovery.loading") : t("columnDiscovery.schemaPlaceholder")
               }
             />
           </SelectTrigger>
@@ -312,14 +313,14 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
           <SelectTrigger className="h-8 text-xs w-full min-w-0">
             <SelectValue
               placeholder={
-                !schema ? "Table" : tablesLoading ? "Loading…" : "Table"
+                !schema ? t("columnDiscovery.tablePlaceholder") : tablesLoading ? t("columnDiscovery.loading") : t("columnDiscovery.tablePlaceholder")
               }
             />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            {tables.map((t) => (
-              <SelectItem key={t.name} value={t.name} className="text-xs">
-                {t.name}
+            {tables.map((tbl) => (
+              <SelectItem key={tbl.name} value={tbl.name} className="text-xs">
+                {tbl.name}
               </SelectItem>
             ))}
           </SelectContent>
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
           <Input
             value={filter}
             onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value)}
-            placeholder="Filter columns by name or type…"
+            placeholder={t("columnDiscovery.filterPlaceholder")}
             className="h-8 pl-7 pr-7 text-xs"
           />
           {filter && (
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
               type="button"
               onClick={() => setFilter("")}
               className="absolute right-1.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"
-              aria-label="Clear filter"
+              aria-label={t("columnDiscovery.clearFilter")}
             >
               <X className="h-3 w-3" />
             </button>
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
       {/* Columns list */}
       {!table ? (
         <div className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground italic py-3 text-center border rounded-md bg-background/60">
-          Pick a catalog, schema, and table above to see its columns.
+          {t("columnDiscovery.pickHint")}
         </div>
       ) : columnsLoading ? (
         <div className="space-y-1.5">
@@ -362,20 +363,19 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
         </div>
       ) : columnsError ? (
         <div className="text-[11px] text-red-500 py-2">
-          Failed to load columns for {table}.
+          {t("columnDiscovery.failedToLoad", { table })}
         </div>
       ) : filteredColumns.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground italic py-3 text-center">
           {filter
-            ? `No columns match "${filter}".`
-            : "This table has no columns."}
+            ? t("columnDiscovery.noMatch", { filter })
+            : t("columnDiscovery.noColumns")}
         </div>
       ) : (
         <>
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
             <span className="truncate">
-              {filteredColumns.length} of {columns.length} column
-              {columns.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+              {t("columnDiscovery.columnsCount", { visible: filteredColumns.length, total: columns.length, count: columns.length })}
               <span
                 className="ml-2 font-mono text-muted-foreground/80"
                 title={tableFqn}
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
               onClick={handleClearTable}
               className="hover:text-foreground shrink-0 ml-2"
             >
-              Reset
+              {t("columnDiscovery.reset")}
             </button>
           </div>
           <div className="border rounded-md overflow-hidden max-h-[260px] overflow-y-auto bg-background">
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
                     <div className="font-mono truncate">{col.name}</div>
                     <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground truncate">
                       {col.type_name}
-                      {col.nullable === false ? " · NOT NULL" : ""}
+                      {col.nullable === false ? t("columnDiscovery.notNullSuffix") : ""}
                       {col.comment ? ` · ${col.comment}` : ""}
                     </div>
                   </div>
@@ -420,13 +420,13 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
                             e.stopPropagation();
                             handleCopy(col);
                           }}
-                          aria-label={`Copy ${col.name}`}
+                          aria-label={t("columnDiscovery.copyAria", { name: col.name })}
                         >
                           <Copy className="h-3 w-3" />
                         </Button>
                       </TooltipTrigger>
                       <TooltipContent>
-                        <p className="text-xs">Copy column name</p>
+                        <p className="text-xs">{t("columnDiscovery.copyTooltip")}</p>
                       </TooltipContent>
                     </Tooltip>
                   </TooltipProvider>
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ export function ColumnDiscoveryPanel({
       {(catalogsLoading || schemasLoading || tablesLoading) && (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
           <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-          Loading catalog metadata…
+          {t("columnDiscovery.loadingMetadata")}
         </div>
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CommentThread.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CommentThread.tsx
index 93dc49a07..5d4c185e2 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CommentThread.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/CommentThread.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
 import { Loader2, MessageSquare, Send, Trash2 } from "lucide-react";
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ interface CommentThreadProps {
 }
 
 export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const [newComment, setNewComment] = useState("");
   const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
       setNewComment("");
       queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: getListCommentsQueryKey(entityType, entityId) });
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to add comment");
+      toast.error(t("commentThread.failedAdd"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
       await deleteMutation.mutateAsync({ commentId });
       queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: getListCommentsQueryKey(entityType, entityId) });
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to delete comment");
+      toast.error(t("commentThread.failedDelete"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
       >
         <MessageSquare className="h-4 w-4" />
         <span>
-          {isOpen ? "Hide" : "Show"} comments
+          {isOpen ? t("commentThread.hideComments") : t("commentThread.showComments")} {t("commentThread.commentsSuffix")}
           {comments.length > 0 && ` (${comments.length})`}
         </span>
       </button>
@@ -72,12 +74,12 @@ export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
           {isLoading && (
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-muted-foreground text-xs py-2">
               <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-              Loading comments...
+              {t("commentThread.loading")}
             </div>
           )}
 
           {!isLoading && comments.length === 0 && (
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground py-1">No comments yet.</p>
+            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground py-1">{t("commentThread.empty")}</p>
           )}
 
           {comments.map((c) => (
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ export function CommentThread({ entityType, entityId }: CommentThreadProps) {
             <Textarea
               value={newComment}
               onChange={(e) => setNewComment(e.target.value)}
-              placeholder="Add a comment..."
+              placeholder={t("commentThread.placeholder")}
               className="text-sm min-h-[60px] flex-1"
               onKeyDown={(e) => {
                 if (e.key === "Enter" && (e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey)) handleAdd();
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/DryRunResults.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/DryRunResults.tsx
index 822edfd6f..26483637c 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/DryRunResults.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/DryRunResults.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, useMemo, useCallback } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import {
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ function downloadAsExcel(rows: Record<string, unknown>[], filename: string): voi
 }
 
 export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const totalRows = result.total_rows ?? 0;
   const validRows = result.valid_rows ?? 0;
   const invalidRows = result.invalid_rows ?? 0;
@@ -179,20 +181,20 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
       <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4">
         <div className="rounded-lg border p-3 text-center">
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums">{totalRows}</div>
-          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Total Rows</div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("dryRun.totalRows")}</div>
         </div>
         <div className="rounded-lg border p-3 text-center">
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums text-green-600">{validRows}</div>
           <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground flex items-center justify-center gap-1">
             <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Valid
+            {t("dryRun.valid")}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div className="rounded-lg border p-3 text-center">
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums text-red-600">{invalidRows}</div>
           <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground flex items-center justify-center gap-1">
             <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Invalid
+            {t("dryRun.invalid")}
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
       {/* Pass rate bar */}
       <div className="space-y-1">
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-xs">
-          <span className="text-muted-foreground">Pass rate</span>
+          <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("dryRun.passRate")}</span>
           <span className="font-medium">{passRate}%</span>
         </div>
         <div className="h-2 rounded-full bg-muted overflow-hidden">
@@ -218,17 +220,17 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <h4 className="text-sm font-medium flex items-center gap-1.5">
             <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4 text-amber-500" />
-            Error Summary
+            {t("dryRun.errorSummary")}
             <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">
-              ({errorSummary.length} distinct)
+              ({errorSummary.length} {t("dryRun.distinctSuffix")})
             </span>
           </h4>
           <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
             <table className="w-full text-xs">
               <thead>
                 <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Error</th>
-                  <th className="text-right p-2 font-medium w-20">Count</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("dryRun.errorHeader")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-right p-2 font-medium w-20">{t("dryRun.countHeader")}</th>
                 </tr>
               </thead>
               <tbody>
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                 className="w-full py-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground hover:bg-muted/50 transition-colors"
                 onClick={() => setShowAllErrors((v) => !v)}
               >
-                {showAllErrors ? "Show less" : `Show ${hiddenErrorCount} more...`}
+                {showAllErrors ? t("dryRun.showLess") : t("dryRun.showMore", { count: hiddenErrorCount })}
               </button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -264,17 +266,18 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
             <h4 className="text-sm font-medium flex items-center gap-1.5">
               <XCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-red-500" />
-              Invalid Rows
+              {t("dryRun.invalidRows")}
               <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">
-                ({hasQuarantine ? `${quarantineTotal} quarantined` : `${sampleInvalid.length} samples`})
+                ({hasQuarantine ? `${quarantineTotal} ${t("dryRun.quarantinedSuffix")}` : `${sampleInvalid.length} ${t("dryRun.samplesSuffix")}`})
               </span>
             </h4>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 flex-wrap">
               {hasQuarantine ? (
                 <>
                   <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    Export {quarantineTotal > EXPORT_MAX_ROWS ? `first ${EXPORT_MAX_ROWS.toLocaleString()} of ` : ""}
-                    {quarantineTotal.toLocaleString()} rows:
+                    {quarantineTotal > EXPORT_MAX_ROWS
+                      ? t("dryRun.exportFirstOf", { first: EXPORT_MAX_ROWS.toLocaleString(), count: quarantineTotal.toLocaleString() })
+                      : t("dryRun.exportRows", { count: quarantineTotal.toLocaleString() })}
                   </span>
                   <Button
                     variant="outline"
@@ -283,7 +286,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                     onClick={() => exportQuarantineRecords(result.run_id, "csv")}
                   >
                     <Download className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                    CSV
+                    {t("dryRun.csv")}
                   </Button>
                   <Button
                     variant="outline"
@@ -292,19 +295,19 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                     onClick={() => exportQuarantineRecords(result.run_id, "xlsx")}
                   >
                     <Download className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                    Excel
+                    {t("dryRun.excel")}
                   </Button>
                   {quarantineTotal > EXPORT_MAX_ROWS && (
                     <span className="text-[10px] text-amber-500 flex items-center gap-0.5">
                       <Info className="h-3 w-3" />
-                      Max {EXPORT_MAX_ROWS.toLocaleString()} rows per export
+                      {t("dryRun.maxExport", { count: EXPORT_MAX_ROWS.toLocaleString() })}
                     </span>
                   )}
                 </>
               ) : sampleInvalid.length > 0 ? (
                 <>
                   <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    Download {sampleInvalid.length} sample rows:
+                    {t("dryRun.downloadSampleRows", { count: sampleInvalid.length })}
                   </span>
                   <Button
                     variant="outline"
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                     onClick={downloadSampleCSV}
                   >
                     <Download className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                    CSV
+                    {t("dryRun.csv")}
                   </Button>
                   <Button
                     variant="outline"
@@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                     onClick={downloadSampleExcel}
                   >
                     <Download className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                    Excel
+                    {t("dryRun.excel")}
                   </Button>
                 </>
               ) : null}
@@ -331,9 +334,9 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
 
           <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-auto max-h-[420px]">
             {quarantineLoading ? (
-              <div className="p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">Loading quarantine data...</div>
+              <div className="p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t("dryRun.loadingQuarantine")}</div>
             ) : rows.length === 0 ? (
-              <div className="p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">No invalid rows to display</div>
+              <div className="p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t("dryRun.noInvalidRows")}</div>
             ) : (
               <table className="w-full text-xs">
                 <thead className="sticky top-0 bg-muted/80 backdrop-blur-sm">
@@ -344,7 +347,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
                         {col}
                       </th>
                     ))}
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">Errors</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">{t("dryRun.errorsHeader")}</th>
                   </tr>
                 </thead>
                 <tbody>
@@ -376,7 +379,7 @@ export function DryRunResults({ result }: DryRunResultsProps) {
           {displayTotal > 10 && (
             <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-xs">
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                <span className="text-muted-foreground">Rows per page:</span>
+                <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("common.rowsPerPage")}</span>
                 <select
                   className="border rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs bg-background"
                   value={pageSize}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/Labels.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/Labels.tsx
index 2040e3699..ab9c69ef2 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/Labels.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/Labels.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
@@ -80,12 +81,14 @@ export function LabelsEditor({
   value,
   onChange,
   disabled,
-  title = "Labels (optional)",
+  title,
   defaultOpen = false,
   variant = "inline",
   showHeader = true,
   definitions,
 }: LabelsEditorProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const editorTitle = title ?? t("labelsEditor.title");
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(defaultOpen);
   const [rows, setRows] = useState<Row[]>(() => recordToRows(value));
 
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ export function LabelsEditor({
             disabled={disabled}
           >
             <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-            Add label
+            {t("labelsEditor.addLabel")}
           </Button>
         )}
         {constrained && (
@@ -171,10 +174,10 @@ export function LabelsEditor({
             className="h-7 text-xs gap-1 text-muted-foreground"
             onClick={addCustomRow}
             disabled={disabled}
-            title="Add a label whose key isn't in the admin catalog"
+            title={t("labelsEditor.customLabelTooltip")}
           >
             <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-            Custom label
+            {t("labelsEditor.customLabel")}
           </Button>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -197,7 +200,7 @@ export function LabelsEditor({
           <ChevronRight className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
         )}
         <Tags className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
-        <Label className="text-xs cursor-pointer">{title}</Label>
+        <Label className="text-xs cursor-pointer">{editorTitle}</Label>
         {count > 0 && (
           <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-[10px] h-4 px-1.5">
             {count}
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ function LabelRow({
   onChange,
   onRemove,
 }: LabelRowProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const isDefined = constrained && definition !== undefined;
 
   return (
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ function LabelRow({
         </Badge>
       ) : (
         <Input
-          placeholder="key"
+          placeholder={t("labelsEditor.keyPlaceholder")}
           value={row.key}
           onChange={(e) => onChange({ key: e.target.value })}
           disabled={disabled}
@@ -260,7 +264,7 @@ function LabelRow({
         />
       ) : (
         <Input
-          placeholder="value (blank → true)"
+          placeholder={t("labelsEditor.valuePlaceholder")}
           value={row.value}
           onChange={(e) => onChange({ value: e.target.value })}
           disabled={disabled}
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@ function LabelRow({
         className="h-7 w-7 shrink-0"
         onClick={onRemove}
         disabled={disabled}
-        aria-label="Remove label"
+        aria-label={t("labelsEditor.removeLabel")}
       >
         <X className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
       </Button>
@@ -297,6 +301,7 @@ function KeyPickerButton({
   onPick,
   disabled,
 }: KeyPickerButtonProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
 
@@ -321,14 +326,14 @@ function KeyPickerButton({
           disabled={disabled || definitions.length === 0}
         >
           <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-          Add label
+          {t("labelsEditor.addLabel")}
           <ChevronDown className="h-3 w-3 opacity-60" />
         </Button>
       </PopoverTrigger>
       <PopoverContent align="start" className="w-72 p-2">
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Input
-            placeholder="Search label keys…"
+            placeholder={t("labelsEditor.searchKeys")}
             value={query}
             onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
             className="h-7 text-xs"
@@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ function KeyPickerButton({
           <div className="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto space-y-0.5">
             {filtered.length === 0 && (
               <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic px-2 py-3 text-center">
-                No matching keys.
+                {t("labelsEditor.noMatchingKeys")}
               </p>
             )}
             {filtered.map((d) => {
@@ -360,13 +365,13 @@ function KeyPickerButton({
                     <Tag className="h-3 w-3 opacity-60" />
                     <span className="font-medium">{d.key}</span>
                     {used && (
-                      <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">(in use)</span>
+                      <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">{t("labelsEditor.inUse")}</span>
                     )}
                     <span className="ml-auto text-[10px] text-muted-foreground shrink-0">
                       {d.values.length === 0
-                        ? "boolean"
-                        : `${d.values.length} value${d.values.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}`}
-                      {d.allow_custom_values ? " + custom" : ""}
+                        ? t("labelsEditor.boolean")
+                        : t("labelsEditor.valueCount", { count: d.values.length })}
+                      {d.allow_custom_values ? t("labelsEditor.plusCustom") : ""}
                     </span>
                   </div>
                   {d.description && (
@@ -399,6 +404,7 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
   onChange,
   disabled,
 }: ValuePickerButtonProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
   const [customDraft, setCustomDraft] = useState("");
@@ -421,10 +427,10 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
         )}
         onClick={() => onChange(isTrue ? "false" : "true")}
         disabled={disabled}
-        title="Click to toggle"
+        title={t("labelsEditor.clickToToggle")}
       >
         <span className="truncate font-mono">{value || "true"}</span>
-        <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">click to toggle</span>
+        <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">{t("labelsEditor.clickToToggle")}</span>
       </button>
     );
   }
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
         >
           <span className="truncate">
             {value || (
-              <span className="italic text-muted-foreground">Pick a value…</span>
+              <span className="italic text-muted-foreground">{t("labelsEditor.pickValue")}</span>
             )}
           </span>
           <ChevronDown className="h-3 w-3 shrink-0 opacity-60" />
@@ -452,7 +458,7 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
       <PopoverContent align="start" className="w-64 p-2">
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Input
-            placeholder="Search values…"
+            placeholder={t("labelsEditor.searchValues")}
             value={query}
             onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
             className="h-7 text-xs"
@@ -484,18 +490,18 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
             ))}
             {filtered.length === 0 && (
               <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic px-2 py-2 text-center">
-                No matching values.
+                {t("labelsEditor.noMatchingValues")}
               </p>
             )}
           </div>
           {definition.allow_custom_values && (
             <div className="border-t pt-2 space-y-1.5">
               <p className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground uppercase tracking-wide">
-                Or enter custom value
+                {t("labelsEditor.orCustomValue")}
               </p>
               <div className="flex gap-1">
                 <Input
-                  placeholder="custom…"
+                  placeholder={t("labelsEditor.customPlaceholder")}
                   value={isCustomValue && !customDraft ? value : customDraft}
                   onChange={(e) => setCustomDraft(e.target.value)}
                   className="h-7 text-xs"
@@ -512,12 +518,12 @@ function ValuePickerButton({
                     setQuery("");
                   }}
                 >
-                  Set
+                  {t("labelsEditor.set")}
                 </Button>
               </div>
               {isCustomValue && (
                 <p className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground italic">
-                  Current value <code>{value}</code> isn&apos;t in the catalog.
+                  {t("labelsEditor.currentNotInCatalog", { value })}
                 </p>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -601,6 +607,7 @@ export function LabelFilter({
   onChange,
   className,
 }: LabelFilterProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
 
@@ -634,14 +641,14 @@ export function LabelFilter({
 
   const triggerLabel =
     selected.size === 0
-      ? "All Labels"
+      ? t("labelFilter.allLabels")
       : selected.size === 1
         ? (() => {
             const tok = [...selected][0];
             const { key, value } = tokenToLabel(tok);
             return formatLabel(key, value);
           })()
-        : `${selected.size} labels`;
+        : t("labelFilter.labelsCount", { count: selected.size });
 
   return (
     <Popover open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ export function LabelFilter({
       <PopoverContent align="start" className="w-72 p-2">
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Input
-            placeholder="Search labels…"
+            placeholder={t("labelFilter.searchLabels")}
             value={query}
             onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
             className="h-7 text-xs"
@@ -672,12 +679,12 @@ export function LabelFilter({
           <div className="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto space-y-0.5">
             {tokens.length === 0 && (
               <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic px-2 py-3 text-center">
-                No labels found in the current view.
+                {t("labelFilter.noLabelsFound")}
               </p>
             )}
             {tokens.length > 0 && filtered.length === 0 && (
               <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic px-2 py-3 text-center">
-                No matches for &quot;{query}&quot;.
+                {t("labelFilter.noMatches", { query })}
               </p>
             )}
             {filtered.map(([token, { key, value }]) => (
@@ -698,7 +705,7 @@ export function LabelFilter({
           {selected.size > 0 && (
             <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-t pt-2">
               <span className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
-                {selected.size} selected
+                {selected.size} {t("labelFilter.selectedSuffix")}
               </span>
               <Button
                 variant="ghost"
@@ -706,7 +713,7 @@ export function LabelFilter({
                 className="h-6 text-[11px]"
                 onClick={clearAll}
               >
-                Clear
+                {t("labelFilter.clear")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           )}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RoleManagement.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RoleManagement.tsx
index 6a5a1e8cb..472d23ce5 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RoleManagement.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RoleManagement.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import {
   Card,
@@ -55,14 +56,14 @@ import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
  * actually needs to see — the previous "Failed to create mapping.
  * Please try again." banner was hiding all of it.
  */
-function extractRoleMappingError(err: unknown): string {
+function extractRoleMappingError(err: unknown, fallback: string): string {
   if (isAxiosError(err)) {
     const detail = (err.response?.data as { detail?: unknown } | undefined)?.detail;
     if (typeof detail === "string" && detail.trim()) return detail;
     if (err.message) return err.message;
   }
   if (err instanceof Error && err.message) return err.message;
-  return "Failed to create role mapping. Check the backend logs for details.";
+  return fallback;
 }
 
 const GROUP_SEARCH_DEBOUNCE_MS = 250;
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ function GroupCombobox({
   value: string;
   onChange: (groupName: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [searchInput, setSearchInput] = useState("");
   const [debouncedSearch, setDebouncedSearch] = useState("");
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ function GroupCombobox({
           className="w-full justify-between font-normal"
         >
           <span className={cn(!value && "text-muted-foreground")}>
-            {value || "Select group..."}
+            {value || t("roleManagement.selectGroup")}
           </span>
           <ChevronsUpDown className="h-4 w-4 opacity-50 shrink-0" />
         </Button>
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ function GroupCombobox({
             ref={inputRef}
             value={searchInput}
             onChange={(e) => setSearchInput(e.target.value)}
-            placeholder="Search groups..."
+            placeholder={t("roleManagement.groupSearchPlaceholder")}
             className="border-0 shadow-none focus-visible:ring-0 px-0 h-8"
           />
           {isFetching && !isLoading ? (
@@ -176,17 +178,17 @@ function GroupCombobox({
         <div className="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto py-1">
           {isLoading ? (
             <div className="px-3 py-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              Loading...
+              {t("roleManagement.loading")}
             </div>
           ) : error ? (
             <div className="px-3 py-6 text-center text-sm text-destructive">
-              Failed to load groups
+              {t("roleManagement.failedLoadGroups")}
             </div>
           ) : groups.length === 0 ? (
             <div className="px-3 py-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
               {debouncedSearch
-                ? "No groups match that search"
-                : "No groups found"}
+                ? t("roleManagement.noGroupsMatch")
+                : t("roleManagement.noGroupsFound")}
             </div>
           ) : (
             <>
@@ -216,8 +218,7 @@ function GroupCombobox({
               })}
               {reachedLimit ? (
                 <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground border-t mt-1">
-                  Showing first {GROUP_SEARCH_LIMIT} matches — refine your
-                  search to narrow results.
+                  {t("roleManagement.showingFirst", { count: GROUP_SEARCH_LIMIT })}
                 </div>
               ) : null}
             </>
@@ -228,23 +229,27 @@ function GroupCombobox({
   );
 }
 
-const ROLE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
-  admin: "Admin",
-  rule_approver: "Approver",
-  rule_author: "Author",
-  viewer: "Viewer",
-  runner: "Runner",
-};
+function getRoleLabel(role: string, t: (key: string) => string): string {
+  switch (role) {
+    case "admin": return t("roleManagement.roleAdmin");
+    case "rule_approver": return t("roleManagement.roleApprover");
+    case "rule_author": return t("roleManagement.roleAuthor");
+    case "viewer": return t("roleManagement.roleViewer");
+    case "runner": return t("roleManagement.roleRunner");
+    default: return role;
+  }
+}
 
-const ROLE_DESCRIPTIONS: Record<string, string> = {
-  admin: "Full access including role management (admins are implicit runners)",
-  rule_approver: "Can approve/reject rules and all author permissions",
-  rule_author: "Can create, edit, and submit rules",
-  viewer: "Read-only access to rules",
-  // Runner is intentionally additive — assigning it does NOT grant author
-  // or approver privileges. It only unlocks the Run Rules page.
-  runner: "Can run approved rules from the Run Rules page (additive — independent of other roles)",
-};
+function getRoleDescription(role: string, t: (key: string) => string): string {
+  switch (role) {
+    case "admin": return t("roleManagement.roleAdminDescription");
+    case "rule_approver": return t("roleManagement.roleApproverDescription");
+    case "rule_author": return t("roleManagement.roleAuthorDescription");
+    case "viewer": return t("roleManagement.roleViewerDescription");
+    case "runner": return t("roleManagement.roleRunnerDescription");
+    default: return "";
+  }
+}
 
 function RoleMappingRow({
   mapping,
@@ -255,11 +260,12 @@ function RoleMappingRow({
   onDelete: () => void;
   isDeleting: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex items-center justify-between py-2 px-3 bg-muted/30 rounded-md">
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
         <Badge variant="outline" className="font-mono">
-          {ROLE_LABELS[mapping.role] || mapping.role}
+          {getRoleLabel(mapping.role, t)}
         </Badge>
         <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">→</span>
         <span className="font-medium">{mapping.group_name}</span>
@@ -306,6 +312,7 @@ function AddRoleMappingForm({
   onAdd: (role: string, groupName: string) => void;
   isAdding: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: rolesData } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["availableRoles"],
     queryFn: () => listAvailableRoles(),
@@ -322,18 +329,18 @@ function AddRoleMappingForm({
   return (
     <div className="flex items-end gap-3 pt-4 border-t">
       <div className="flex-1 space-y-1">
-        <label className="text-sm font-medium">Role</label>
+        <label className="text-sm font-medium">{t("roleManagement.role")}</label>
         <Select value={selectedRole} onValueChange={setSelectedRole} disabled={isAdding}>
           <SelectTrigger>
-            <SelectValue placeholder="Select role..." />
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("roleManagement.selectRole")} />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
             {roles.map((role) => (
               <SelectItem key={role} value={role}>
                 <div className="flex flex-col">
-                  <span>{ROLE_LABELS[role] || role}</span>
+                  <span>{getRoleLabel(role, t)}</span>
                   <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    {ROLE_DESCRIPTIONS[role]}
+                    {getRoleDescription(role, t)}
                   </span>
                 </div>
               </SelectItem>
@@ -343,7 +350,7 @@ function AddRoleMappingForm({
       </div>
 
       <div className="flex-1 space-y-1">
-        <label className="text-sm font-medium">Databricks Group</label>
+        <label className="text-sm font-medium">{t("roleManagement.databricksGroup")}</label>
         <GroupCombobox value={selectedGroup} onChange={setSelectedGroup} />
       </div>
 
@@ -357,13 +364,14 @@ function AddRoleMappingForm({
         ) : (
           <Plus className="h-4 w-4 mr-1" />
         )}
-        {isAdding ? "Adding…" : "Add"}
+        {isAdding ? t("roleManagement.adding") : t("roleManagement.add")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 export function RoleManagement() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const [deletingKey, setDeletingKey] = useState<string | null>(null);
   // Form values live up here so we can keep them across a slow/failed
@@ -391,16 +399,15 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
       await queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: getListRoleMappingsQueryKey() });
       setSelectedRole("");
       setSelectedGroup("");
-      const roleLabel = ROLE_LABELS[variables.role] ?? variables.role;
-      toast.success(`Mapping added: ${roleLabel} → ${variables.groupName}`, {
-        description:
-          "Stored in dq_role_mappings. Active sessions pick up the new role within ~1 minute (or on next page navigation).",
+      const roleLabel = getRoleLabel(variables.role, t);
+      toast.success(t("roleManagement.mappingAdded", { role: roleLabel, group: variables.groupName }), {
+        description: t("roleManagement.mappingAddedDescription"),
         duration: 6000,
       });
     },
     onError: (err) => {
-      toast.error("Failed to create role mapping", {
-        description: extractRoleMappingError(err),
+      toast.error(t("roleManagement.failedCreate"), {
+        description: extractRoleMappingError(err, t("roleManagement.fallbackError")),
         duration: 8000,
       });
     },
@@ -412,16 +419,15 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
     onSuccess: async (_data, variables) => {
       await queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: getListRoleMappingsQueryKey() });
       setDeletingKey(null);
-      toast.success(`Removed mapping: ${variables.role} → ${variables.groupName}`, {
-        description:
-          "Affected users may keep their previous role for up to ~1 minute until their session refreshes.",
+      toast.success(t("roleManagement.mappingRemoved", { role: variables.role, group: variables.groupName }), {
+        description: t("roleManagement.mappingRemovedDescription"),
         duration: 6000,
       });
     },
     onError: (err) => {
       setDeletingKey(null);
-      toast.error("Failed to delete role mapping", {
-        description: extractRoleMappingError(err),
+      toast.error(t("roleManagement.failedDelete"), {
+        description: extractRoleMappingError(err, t("roleManagement.fallbackError")),
         duration: 8000,
       });
     },
@@ -445,7 +451,7 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <Shield className="h-5 w-5" />
-            Role Management
+            {t("roleManagement.title")}
           </CardTitle>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent>
@@ -465,13 +471,13 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <Shield className="h-5 w-5" />
-            Role Management
+            {t("roleManagement.title")}
           </CardTitle>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-destructive">
             <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4" />
-            <span>Failed to load role mappings</span>
+            <span>{t("roleManagement.failedLoad")}</span>
           </div>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
@@ -486,8 +492,7 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
           Role Management
         </CardTitle>
         <CardDescription>
-          Map Databricks workspace groups to application roles. Users inherit
-          the highest-priority role from their group memberships.
+          {t("roleManagement.description")}
         </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="space-y-4">
@@ -507,14 +512,10 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
           <Info className="h-4 w-4 mt-0.5 shrink-0 text-foreground/70" />
           <div>
             <p className="text-foreground/90">
-              Role changes take up to <span className="font-medium">~1 minute</span> to
-              reach an active session.
+              {t("roleManagement.delayPrefix")}<span className="font-medium">{t("roleManagement.delayBoldDuration")}</span>{t("roleManagement.delaySuffix")}
             </p>
             <p className="text-xs mt-0.5">
-              Each user&apos;s resolved role is cached client-side for 60 seconds. After a
-              mapping is added or removed, the affected user keeps their previous role
-              until their session revalidates (which also happens immediately on any
-              page navigation). A hard refresh applies the new role straight away.
+              {t("roleManagement.delayBody")}
             </p>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -522,9 +523,9 @@ export function RoleManagement() {
         {mappings.length === 0 ? (
           <div className="text-center py-6 text-muted-foreground">
             <Users className="h-8 w-8 mx-auto mb-2 opacity-50" />
-            <p>No role mappings configured.</p>
+            <p>{t("roleManagement.noMappings")}</p>
             <p className="text-sm">
-              Add a mapping below to assign roles to Databricks groups.
+              {t("roleManagement.addMappingHint")}
             </p>
           </div>
         ) : (
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RulesReview.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RulesReview.tsx
index 372e6ee27..b29e9d971 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RulesReview.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/RulesReview.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ interface RulesReviewProps {
 }
 
 export function RulesReview({ checks, onChange }: RulesReviewProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [yamlText, setYamlText] = useState(() =>
     yaml.dump(checks, { sortKeys: false }),
   );
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ export function RulesReview({ checks, onChange }: RulesReviewProps) {
         onChange(parsed);
         setYamlError(null);
       } else {
-        setYamlError("YAML must be a list of check definitions");
+        setYamlError(t("rulesReview.yamlMustBeList"));
       }
     } catch (e) {
       setYamlError((e as Error).message);
@@ -67,37 +69,37 @@ export function RulesReview({ checks, onChange }: RulesReviewProps) {
 
   const handleCopyYaml = () => {
     navigator.clipboard.writeText(yaml.dump(checks, { sortKeys: false }));
-    toast.success("YAML copied to clipboard");
+    toast.success(t("rulesReview.yamlCopied"));
   };
 
   return (
     <Tabs value={activeTab} onValueChange={handleTabChange}>
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-4">
         <TabsList>
-          <TabsTrigger value="table">Rules</TabsTrigger>
-          <TabsTrigger value="yaml">YAML</TabsTrigger>
+          <TabsTrigger value="table">{t("rulesReview.rulesTab")}</TabsTrigger>
+          <TabsTrigger value="yaml">{t("rulesReview.yamlTab")}</TabsTrigger>
         </TabsList>
         <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={handleCopyYaml}>
-          Copy YAML
+          {t("rulesReview.copyYaml")}
         </Button>
       </div>
 
       <TabsContent value="table">
         {checks.length === 0 ? (
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm text-center py-4">
-            No rules defined.
+            {t("rulesReview.noRules")}
           </p>
         ) : (
           <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
             <table className="w-full text-sm">
               <thead>
                 <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">#</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Function</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Column(s)</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Criticality</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Labels</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Parameters</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerHash")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerFunction")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerColumns")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerCriticality")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerLabels")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesReview.headerParameters")}</th>
                   <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium"></th>
                 </tr>
               </thead>
@@ -155,8 +157,8 @@ export function RulesReview({ checks, onChange }: RulesReviewProps) {
                             <SelectValue />
                           </SelectTrigger>
                           <SelectContent>
-                            <SelectItem value="error">Error</SelectItem>
-                            <SelectItem value="warn">Warn</SelectItem>
+                            <SelectItem value="error">{t("rulesReview.criticalityError")}</SelectItem>
+                            <SelectItem value="warn">{t("rulesReview.criticalityWarn")}</SelectItem>
                           </SelectContent>
                         </Select>
                       </td>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/HeaderUserMenu.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/HeaderUserMenu.tsx
index 420e817cc..edce0a4a6 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/HeaderUserMenu.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/HeaderUserMenu.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Suspense, useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { Link, useLocation } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   useCurrentUserSuspense,
   useCurrentUserRoleSuspense,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ function HeaderUserMenuContent() {
   const { data: roleResp } = useCurrentUserRoleSuspense(selector<UserRoleOut>());
   const location = useLocation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const role = roleResp?.role;
   const isAdmin = role === "admin";
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ function HeaderUserMenuContent() {
             )}
           >
             <UserIcon className="h-4 w-4" />
-            Profile
+            {t("userMenu.profile")}
           </Link>
           {isAdmin && (
             <Link
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ function HeaderUserMenuContent() {
               )}
             >
               <Settings className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Configuration
+              {t("userMenu.configuration")}
             </Link>
           )}
         </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4974be25e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Languages } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES } from "@/lib/i18n";
+
+interface LanguageSelectorProps {
+  className?: string;
+  hideLabel?: boolean;
+}
+
+export default function LanguageSelector({
+  className,
+  hideLabel = false,
+}: LanguageSelectorProps) {
+  const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+  const current =
+    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code === i18n.resolvedLanguage)?.code ??
+    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => i18n.resolvedLanguage?.startsWith(l.code))?.code ??
+    "en";
+
+  const handleChange = (value: string) => {
+    void i18n.changeLanguage(value);
+    document.documentElement.lang = value;
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className={className}>
+      {!hideLabel && (
+        <Label htmlFor="language-selector" className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
+          <Languages className="h-4 w-4" />
+          {t("language.label")}
+        </Label>
+      )}
+      <Select value={current} onValueChange={handleChange}>
+        <SelectTrigger id="language-selector" className="w-full sm:w-64">
+          <SelectValue />
+        </SelectTrigger>
+        <SelectContent>
+          {SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((lang) => (
+            <SelectItem key={lang.code} value={lang.code}>
+              <span className="font-medium">{lang.nativeLabel}</span>
+              {lang.nativeLabel !== lang.label && (
+                <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-2 text-xs">
+                  ({lang.label})
+                </span>
+              )}
+            </SelectItem>
+          ))}
+        </SelectContent>
+      </Select>
+      {!hideLabel && (
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-2">
+          {t("language.description")}
+        </p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb.tsx
index bafc27cea..996d2336d 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Link } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import React from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   Breadcrumb,
   BreadcrumbItem,
@@ -20,12 +21,13 @@ interface PageBreadcrumbProps {
 }
 
 export function PageBreadcrumb({ items = [], page }: PageBreadcrumbProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <Breadcrumb>
       <BreadcrumbList>
         <BreadcrumbItem>
           <BreadcrumbLink asChild>
-            <Link to="/">Home</Link>
+            <Link to="/">{t("breadcrumb.home")}</Link>
           </BreadcrumbLink>
         </BreadcrumbItem>
         <BreadcrumbSeparator />
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarLayout.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarLayout.tsx
index c94d203b0..dcdb7ea6a 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarLayout.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarLayout.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Outlet } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   Sidebar,
   SidebarContent,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ interface SidebarLayoutProps {
 }
 
 function SidebarLayout({ children }: SidebarLayoutProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: resp } = useVersion();
   const appVersion = resp?.data?.version;
 
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ function SidebarLayout({ children }: SidebarLayoutProps) {
           <footer className="shrink-0 border-t bg-background py-2 px-6">
             <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto flex items-center justify-between text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
               <span>
-                DQX Studio — Data Quality Explorer
+                {t("footer.tagline")}
                 {appVersion ? ` · v${appVersion}` : ""}
               </span>
               <a
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarUserFooter.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarUserFooter.tsx
index c2a39bfbe..23e6b7ba7 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarUserFooter.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/SidebarUserFooter.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Suspense, useMemo } from "react";
 import { Link, useLocation } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { SidebarMenuButton } from "@/components/ui/sidebar";
 import {
   useCurrentUserSuspense,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ function SidebarUserFooterSkeleton() {
 }
 
 function SidebarUserFooterContent() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: user } = useCurrentUserSuspense(selector<User>());
   const { data: roleResp } = useCurrentUserRoleSuspense(selector<UserRoleOut>());
   const location = useLocation();
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ function SidebarUserFooterContent() {
         >
           <Link to="/config" className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <Settings size={16} />
-            <span>Configuration</span>
+            <span>{t("sidebarUser.configuration")}</span>
           </Link>
         </SidebarMenuButton>
       )}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/mode-toggle.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/mode-toggle.tsx
index 3decde94b..f4e2ab162 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/mode-toggle.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/mode-toggle.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { Moon, Sun } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { useTheme } from "@/components/apx/theme-provider";
 
 export function ModeToggle() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme();
 
   const toggleTheme = () => {
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ export function ModeToggle() {
       ) : (
         <Moon className="rotate-90 h-4 w-4 scale-0 transition-all dark:rotate-0 dark:scale-100" />
       )}
-      <span className="sr-only">Toggle theme</span>
+      <span className="sr-only">{t("navbar.toggleTheme")}</span>
     </Button>
   );
 }
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc528e833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import i18n from "i18next";
+import LanguageDetector from "i18next-browser-languagedetector";
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+
+import en from "./locales/en.json";
+import ptBR from "./locales/pt-BR.json";
+import it from "./locales/it.json";
+import es from "./locales/es.json";
+
+export const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = [
+  { code: "en", label: "English", nativeLabel: "English" },
+  { code: "pt-BR", label: "Portuguese (Brazil)", nativeLabel: "Português (Brasil)" },
+  { code: "it", label: "Italian", nativeLabel: "Italiano" },
+  { code: "es", label: "Spanish", nativeLabel: "Español" },
+] as const;
+
+export type LanguageCode = (typeof SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES)[number]["code"];
+
+export const LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY = "dqx.language";
+
+i18n
+  .use(LanguageDetector)
+  .use(initReactI18next)
+  .init({
+    resources: {
+      en: { translation: en },
+      "pt-BR": { translation: ptBR },
+      it: { translation: it },
+      es: { translation: es },
+    },
+    fallbackLng: "en",
+    supportedLngs: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((l) => l.code),
+    load: "currentOnly",
+    interpolation: {
+      escapeValue: false,
+    },
+    detection: {
+      order: ["localStorage", "navigator"],
+      lookupLocalStorage: LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY,
+      caches: ["localStorage"],
+    },
+  });
+
+export default i18n;
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94f632562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "tryAgain": "Try Again",
+    "goHome": "Go Home",
+    "active": "Active",
+    "inactive": "Inactive",
+    "primary": "Primary",
+    "user": "User",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "saving": "Saving...",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "add": "Add",
+    "remove": "Remove",
+    "create": "Create",
+    "submit": "Submit",
+    "submitting": "Submitting...",
+    "retry": "Retry",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "yes": "yes",
+    "no": "no",
+    "search": "Search",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "clearFilters": "Clear filters",
+    "all": "All",
+    "error": "Error",
+    "warning": "Warning",
+    "warn": "Warn",
+    "errors": "Errors",
+    "name": "Name",
+    "type": "Type",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "duration": "Duration",
+    "actions": "Actions",
+    "details": "Details",
+    "back": "Back",
+    "next": "Next",
+    "previous": "Previous",
+    "showing": "Showing",
+    "of": "of",
+    "rows": "rows",
+    "rules": "rules",
+    "checks": "checks",
+    "check": "check",
+    "criticality": "Criticality",
+    "labels": "Labels",
+    "function": "Function",
+    "column": "Column",
+    "columns": "Columns",
+    "table": "Table",
+    "tables": "tables",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "catalog": "Catalog",
+    "selectCatalog": "All Catalogs",
+    "selectSchema": "All Schemas",
+    "selectTable": "All Tables",
+    "view": "View",
+    "stop": "Stop",
+    "running": "running",
+    "done": "done",
+    "failed": "failed",
+    "success": "Success",
+    "successLower": "success",
+    "exportYaml": "Export YAML",
+    "selectAll": "Select All",
+    "selectNone": "Select None",
+    "preview": "Preview",
+    "validate": "Validate",
+    "comments": "comments",
+    "noComments": "No comments yet.",
+    "loadingComments": "Loading comments...",
+    "addComment": "Add a comment...",
+    "showComments": "Show comments",
+    "hideComments": "Hide comments",
+    "failedToAddComment": "Failed to add comment",
+    "failedToDeleteComment": "Failed to delete comment",
+    "unknownError": "Unknown error",
+    "discard": "Discard",
+    "discardLeave": "Discard & leave",
+    "stayOnPage": "Stay on page",
+    "unsavedChanges": "Unsaved changes",
+    "page": "Page",
+    "rowsPerPage": "Rows per page:",
+    "min": "min",
+    "max": "max",
+    "ago": "ago"
+  },
+  "language": {
+    "label": "Language",
+    "description": "Choose the language used across the interface."
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "createRules": "Create Rules",
+    "singleTableRules": "Single table rules",
+    "crossTableRules": "Cross-table rules",
+    "profileAndGenerate": "Profile & generate",
+    "importRules": "Import rules",
+    "draftsAndReview": "Drafts & Review",
+    "activeRules": "Active Rules",
+    "runRules": "Run Rules",
+    "runsHistory": "Runs History"
+  },
+  "userMenu": {
+    "profile": "Profile",
+    "configuration": "Configuration"
+  },
+  "profile": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Profile",
+    "personalInfoTitle": "Personal Information",
+    "personalInfoDescription": "Basic user details",
+    "firstName": "First Name",
+    "lastName": "Last Name",
+    "externalId": "External ID",
+    "contactInfoTitle": "Contact Information",
+    "contactInfoDescription": "Email addresses",
+    "noEmails": "No email addresses available",
+    "emailType": "Type: {{type}}",
+    "rolesTitle": "Roles",
+    "rolesDescription": "User roles and permissions ({{count}})",
+    "groupsTitle": "Groups",
+    "groupsDescription": "User group memberships ({{count}})",
+    "entitlementsTitle": "Entitlements",
+    "entitlementsDescription": "User entitlements ({{count}})",
+    "preferencesTitle": "Preferences",
+    "preferencesDescription": "Personalize how the app looks and reads",
+    "loadFailedTitle": "Failed to Load Profile",
+    "loadFailedDescription": "There was an error loading your profile information. Make sure the backend is running and you're authenticated."
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "subtitle": "Monitor, validate, and improve data quality across your Databricks Lakehouse — with automated rules, scheduling, and approval workflows.",
+    "getStarted": "Get Started",
+    "viewRules": "View Rules",
+    "highlights": {
+      "uc": "Unity Catalog integration",
+      "ai": "AI-powered rule generation",
+      "schedule": "Scheduled rule execution",
+      "rbac": "Role-based approval workflow"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "loadingMessage": "Initializing DQX Studio...",
+    "loadingDescription": "Setting up your workspace connection",
+    "errorTitle": "Authentication Error",
+    "refreshPage": "Refresh Page",
+    "timeoutMessage": "Authentication timeout. The authentication flow did not complete.",
+    "serverErrorMessage": "Server error ({{status}}): {{statusText}}",
+    "unknownError": "Unknown connection error",
+    "errorSuffix": "\n\nPlease refresh the page or contact your administrator if the problem persists."
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "aiAssistant": "AI Rules Assistant",
+    "toggleTheme": "Toggle theme"
+  },
+  "footer": {
+    "tagline": "DQX Studio — Data Quality Explorer"
+  },
+  "sidebarUser": {
+    "configuration": "Configuration"
+  },
+  "breadcrumb": {
+    "home": "Home"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Configuration",
+    "title": "Configuration",
+    "subtitle": "Manage roles, permissions, and display settings for your workspace.",
+    "sectionLoadFailed": "Failed to load section",
+    "timezoneTitle": "Display Timezone",
+    "searchTimezones": "Search timezones...",
+    "noTimezoneFound": "No timezone found.",
+    "adminOnly": "Only admins can change this setting",
+    "timezoneUpdated": "Timezone updated to {{value}}",
+    "failedToSaveTimezone": "Failed to save timezone",
+    "labelsTitle": "Rule Labels",
+    "noLabelDefinitions": "No label definitions yet.",
+    "addLabelDefinition": "Add label definition",
+    "addWeightDefinition": "Add weight definition",
+    "addWeightTooltip": "Add a weight label with values 1..5 quickly",
+    "saveChanges": "Save changes",
+    "reset": "Reset",
+    "definitionsActive_one": "{{count}} definition active",
+    "definitionsActive_other": "{{count}} definitions active",
+    "labelKeyMissing": "Every definition needs a key.",
+    "labelKeyInvalid": "Key \"{{key}}\" must start with a letter and contain only letters, digits, and underscores.",
+    "labelKeyDuplicate": "Duplicate key \"{{key}}\".",
+    "clearedLabels": "Cleared rule labels.",
+    "savedLabels_one": "Saved {{count}} rule label.",
+    "savedLabels_other": "Saved {{count}} rule labels.",
+    "failedSaveLabels": "Failed to save label definitions",
+    "key": "Key",
+    "reserved": "reserved",
+    "keyHint": "Letters, digits, underscore. Must start with a letter.",
+    "weightHint": "Drives the weight picker on rule authoring pages.",
+    "descriptionLabel": "Description",
+    "optional": "(optional)",
+    "weightDescriptionPlaceholder": "Rule weight (1 = informational, 5 = critical)",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "What this label captures (e.g. Owning team)",
+    "removeDefinition": "Remove definition",
+    "allowedValues": "Allowed values",
+    "allowedValuesHint": "(leave empty for a boolean tag)",
+    "allowCustomValues": "Allow custom values",
+    "noValuesHint": "No values — authors will toggle this label as a boolean tag (true/false).",
+    "removeValueAria": "Remove value {{value}}",
+    "weightValuePlaceholder": "add weight value (e.g. 1)",
+    "addValuePlaceholder": "add value… (press Enter)",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "e.g. team"
+  },
+  "discovery": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Discovery",
+    "title": "Discovery",
+    "subtitle": "Browse Unity Catalog assets to find tables for your data quality checks.",
+    "browseCatalog": "Browse Catalog",
+    "browseCatalogDescription": "Select a catalog, schema, and table to view its columns.",
+    "selectTableTitle": "Select a Table",
+    "selectTableHint": "Choose a catalog, schema, and table above to view its column definitions.",
+    "qualityRules": "Quality Rules",
+    "checkingRules": "Checking for existing rules...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Failed to load rules for this table.",
+    "rulesDefined_one": "{{count}} rule defined for this table",
+    "rulesDefined_other": "{{count}} rules defined for this table",
+    "noRulesYet": "No quality rules defined for this table yet.",
+    "couldNotLoadRules": "Could not load rules: {{error}}",
+    "rulesCount": "{{count}} rules",
+    "updated": "Updated {{date}}",
+    "editRules": "Edit Rules",
+    "getStartedAi": "Get started by generating rules with AI.",
+    "createRules": "Create Rules",
+    "loadingColumns": "Loading columns...",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{count}} column",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{count}} columns",
+    "failedLoadColumns": "Failed to load columns: {{error}}",
+    "noColumns": "No columns found for this table.",
+    "columnHash": "#",
+    "columnName": "Name",
+    "columnType": "Type",
+    "columnNullable": "Nullable",
+    "columnComment": "Comment",
+    "draft": "Draft",
+    "pending": "Pending",
+    "approved": "Approved",
+    "rejected": "Rejected"
+  },
+  "profiler": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Profile & generate",
+    "title": "Profile & generate",
+    "subtitle": "Profile tables to generate data quality rule suggestions based on data distribution.",
+    "newRunTitle": "New Profile Run",
+    "newRunDescription": "Select one or more tables (or an entire schema), configure sampling, and run the profiler.",
+    "tablesSelected_one": "{{count}} table selected",
+    "tablesSelected_other": "{{count}} tables selected",
+    "sampleLimit": "Sample Limit (rows)",
+    "maxSampleLimit": "Max 100,000 rows per table",
+    "stopRun": "Stop Run",
+    "stopAll": "Stop All ({{done}}/{{total}})",
+    "runProfile": "Run Profile",
+    "runTables": "Run {{count}} Tables",
+    "advancedOptions": "Advanced Options",
+    "rowFilter": "Row Filter (SQL WHERE clause)",
+    "rowFilterPlaceholder": "e.g. status = 'active' AND year >= 2024",
+    "rowFilterHint": "Optional SQL condition applied before profiling.",
+    "rowFilterAllTables": " Applied to all selected tables.",
+    "columnsToProfile": "Columns to Profile",
+    "columnsSelected": "({{count}} selected)",
+    "clearSelectionProfileAll": "Clear selection (profile all)",
+    "toggleColumnsHint": "Click to toggle. No selection = profile all columns.",
+    "removeOutliers": "Remove Outliers",
+    "removeOutliersHint": "Exclude statistical outliers when computing min/max range checks.",
+    "outlierThreshold": "Outlier Threshold (σ)",
+    "outlierThresholdHint": "Standard deviations from mean to consider an outlier (default: 3).",
+    "llmPkDetection": "LLM Primary Key Detection",
+    "llmPkHint": "Use AI to detect primary key columns and generate uniqueness checks.",
+    "submitting": "Submitting...",
+    "elapsed": "{{seconds}}s elapsed",
+    "estimated": " · ~{{duration}} estimated",
+    "stop": "Stop",
+    "profilingInProgress": "Profiling in progress — {{done}} of {{total}} complete",
+    "batchComplete": "Batch complete — {{succeeded}} succeeded",
+    "batchCompleteWithFailed": "Batch complete — {{succeeded}} succeeded, {{failed}} failed",
+    "stopAllShort": "Stop All",
+    "rowsLabel": "{{count}} rows",
+    "rulesGeneratedShort": "{{count}} rules",
+    "resultsByTable": "Results by Table",
+    "runHistory": "Run History",
+    "runs_one": "{{count}} run",
+    "runs_other": "{{count}} runs",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtered from {{total}})",
+    "myRuns": "My runs",
+    "allCatalogs": "All Catalogs",
+    "allSchemas": "All Schemas",
+    "allTables": "All Tables",
+    "noRuns": "No profiling runs yet. Run the profiler above to get started.",
+    "tableHeader": "Table",
+    "rowsHeader": "Rows",
+    "durationHeader": "Duration",
+    "startedHeader": "Started",
+    "byHeader": "By",
+    "viewBtn": "View",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "by ",
+    "profileRunResults": "Profile Run Results",
+    "failedToLoadResults": "Failed to load results.",
+    "rulesGenCountAndCount": "{{rows}} rows · {{count}} rules generated",
+    "selectTableFirst": "Select a table first",
+    "selectAtLeastOneTable": "Select at least one table",
+    "profilingComplete": "Profiling complete",
+    "failedFetchResults": "Failed to fetch profiler results",
+    "profilingFailed": "Profiling failed: {{message}}",
+    "failedCheckStatus": "Failed to check profiler status",
+    "submittedWaiting": "Profiling job submitted — waiting for results...",
+    "permissionHint": "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions, then try again.",
+    "permissionHintBatch": "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions on the selected tables, then try again.",
+    "permissionHintTable": "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions on this table.",
+    "jobsSubmitted": "{{count}} profiling jobs submitted",
+    "moreFailed": "… and {{count}} more table(s) failed to submit",
+    "runCanceled": "Profiling run canceled",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Failed to cancel run",
+    "canceledFor": "Canceled profiling for {{table}}",
+    "canceledByUser": "Canceled by user",
+    "rowsProfiled": "Rows Profiled",
+    "columnsLabel": "Columns",
+    "durationLabel": "Duration",
+    "generatedRules": "Generated Rules ({{count}})",
+    "viewInDrafts": "View in Drafts & Review",
+    "savedToDrafts": "Saved to Drafts",
+    "addSelected": "Add {{count}} Selected",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} of {{newCount}} new selected",
+    "alreadyInCatalog": "({{count}} already in catalog)",
+    "addedBadge": "Added",
+    "noRulesGenerated": "No rules were generated from the profiling data.",
+    "savedAsDrafts": "{{count}} rules saved as drafts for {{table}}",
+    "failedAddRules": "Failed to add rules",
+    "failedSubmit": "Failed to submit profiling job",
+    "headerFunction": "Function",
+    "headerColumn": "Column",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticality",
+    "running": "Running",
+    "successBadge": "Success",
+    "failedBadge": "Failed",
+    "runningBadge": "Running",
+    "unknownBadge": "Unknown"
+  },
+  "rulesActive": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Active Rules",
+    "title": "Active rules",
+    "subtitle": "Approved rules currently enforced on your tables.",
+    "exportYaml": "Export YAML",
+    "createRules": "Create rules",
+    "approvedRuleSets": "Approved rule sets",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} total checks",
+    "byTable": "By table",
+    "byRule": "By rule",
+    "crossTableTab": "Cross-table",
+    "allSources": "All Sources",
+    "imported": "Imported",
+    "ai": "AI",
+    "ui": "UI",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Failed to load rules: {{error}}",
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete rule",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete this rule for ",
+    "deleteCannotUndo": "? This action cannot be undone.",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} rule",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} rules",
+    "headerFunction": "Function",
+    "headerColumns": "Column(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticality",
+    "headerLabels": "Labels",
+    "headerSource": "Source",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Created by",
+    "viewEditRules": "View / edit rules",
+    "noColumnRules": "No column / dataset rules found. Switch to \"Cross-table\" to view query-based rules.",
+    "headerTable": "Table",
+    "headerName": "Name",
+    "errorsCount_one": "{{count}} error",
+    "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errors",
+    "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} warn",
+    "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} warns",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} check{{checksPlural}} across {{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "noCrossTable": "No cross-table rules",
+    "noCrossTableHint": "Cross-table SQL rules will appear here once created and approved.",
+    "headerMode": "Mode",
+    "rowLevel": "Row-level",
+    "datasetLevel": "Dataset-level",
+    "noActiveRules": "No active rules",
+    "noActiveRulesAuthor": "Create and approve rules to see them here. Active rules are enforced during quality runs.",
+    "noActiveRulesViewer": "No rules have been approved yet. Check Drafts & review for pending rule sets.",
+    "ruleDeleted": "Rule deleted",
+    "failedDelete": "Failed to delete rule",
+    "exportedRulesCount": "Exported {{count}} rule(s) as YAML"
+  },
+  "rulesCreate": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Create Rules",
+    "title": "Create Rules",
+    "subtitle": "Choose how you want to create data quality rules.",
+    "singleTableTitle": "Single table rules",
+    "singleTableDescription": "Define column-level checks for individual tables, with optional AI assistance.",
+    "crossTableTitle": "Cross-table rules",
+    "crossTableDescription": "Write SQL queries that validate data across multiple tables or run dataset-level aggregation checks.",
+    "profileTitle": "Profile & generate",
+    "profileDescription": "Profile your data to auto-generate quality rules based on column statistics.",
+    "importTitle": "Import rules",
+    "importDescription": "Import rules from a YAML file."
+  },
+  "rulesImport": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Import rules",
+    "title": "Import rules",
+    "subtitle": "Import data quality rules from a YAML file.",
+    "importFromYaml": "Import from YAML",
+    "importDescription": "Upload a YAML file or paste YAML content. Each entry should follow the DQX check format.",
+    "uploadYamlFile": "Upload YAML file",
+    "chooseFile": "Choose file",
+    "orPasteBelow": "or paste below",
+    "yamlContent": "YAML content",
+    "loadedChecks_one": "Loaded {{count}} check from YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_other": "Loaded {{count}} checks from YAML",
+    "preview": "Preview",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerName": "Name",
+    "headerFunction": "Function",
+    "headerArguments": "Arguments",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticality",
+    "headerLabels": "Labels",
+    "validationErrors": "Validation errors",
+    "targetTable": "Target table",
+    "validate": "Validate",
+    "dryRun": "Dry run",
+    "cancelDryRun": "Cancel dry run",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Save as drafts",
+    "submitForReview": "Submit for review",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "YAML must be a list of check definitions, for example:\n- criticality: error\n  check:\n    function: is_not_null\n    arguments:\n      column: id",
+    "validationFoundErrors": "Validation found {{count}} error(s)",
+    "allValid": "All checks are valid",
+    "failedValidate": "Failed to validate checks",
+    "selectTargetTable": "Select a target table to dry-run against",
+    "noBoundChecks": "No table-bound checks to dry-run (cross-table SQL checks are skipped)",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Dry run submitted — waiting for results...",
+    "failedSubmitDryRun": "Failed to submit dry run",
+    "dryRunFailedDetail": "Dry run failed: {{detail}}",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Dry run canceled",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Failed to cancel dry run",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Dry run complete",
+    "failedFetchDryRun": "Failed to fetch dry run results",
+    "failedCheckDryRunStatus": "Failed to check dry run status",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Dry run failed: {{message}}",
+    "savedDrafts_one": "Saved {{count}} check as drafts",
+    "savedDrafts_other": "Saved {{count}} checks as drafts",
+    "failedSaveRules": "Failed to save rules",
+    "submittedReview_one": "Submitted {{count}} rule for review",
+    "submittedReview_other": "Submitted {{count}} rules for review",
+    "submitFailed_one": "{{count}} rule failed to submit — saved as drafts instead",
+    "submitFailed_other": "{{count}} rules failed to submit — saved as drafts instead",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Dry run in progress on ",
+    "samplingRows_one": "sampling {{count}} row",
+    "samplingRows_other": "sampling {{count}} rows",
+    "crossTableSkipped_one": " · {{count}} cross-table check skipped",
+    "crossTableSkipped_other": " · {{count}} cross-table checks skipped",
+    "rowsOption": "{{count}} rows",
+    "thousandRows": "1,000 rows",
+    "fiveThousandRows": "5,000 rows",
+    "tenThousandRows": "10,000 rows",
+    "dryRunTooltip": "Dry-run validates only the first 1–10,000 rows of the target table — it's a fast preview, not a full validation. To run imported rules against every row after approval, go to Run Rules and pick \"All rows\"."
+  },
+  "rulesCreateSql": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Cross-table rules",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Edit cross-table rule",
+    "title": "Cross-table rules",
+    "editTitle": "Edit cross-table rule",
+    "subtitle": "Write SQL queries that validate data across tables or run dataset-level aggregation checks.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Generate with AI",
+    "generateWithAiHint": "Describe the cross-table validation you need. Use fully qualified table names (catalog.schema.table) so the AI can write accurate SQL.",
+    "generateWithAiPlaceholder": "e.g. Check that every order in catalog.schema.orders has at least one line item in catalog.schema.line_items, and that the order total matches the sum of line item amounts",
+    "generating": "Generating...",
+    "generate": "Generate",
+    "sqlCheckTitle": "SQL check",
+    "duplicate": "Duplicate",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "A SQL check with this name already exists. Remove or rename it.",
+    "running": "Running...",
+    "dryRun": "Dry Run",
+    "queryDescription": "The query should return rows that violate the check (i.e., bad rows).",
+    "namePlaceholder": "e.g. orders_total_matches_line_items",
+    "nameLengthError": "Name must be 128 characters or fewer.",
+    "nameInvalidError": "Name must start with a letter and contain only letters, numbers, and underscores.",
+    "nameHint": "Letters, numbers, and underscores only. Must start with a letter.",
+    "querySemicolonError": "Semicolons are not allowed. Enter a single SELECT query only.",
+    "queryProhibitedError": "Query contains prohibited keywords (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.). Only SELECT queries are allowed.",
+    "sqlQueryLabel": "SQL query",
+    "sqlQueryPlaceholder": "SELECT o.order_id, o.total, SUM(li.amount) AS line_total\nFROM catalog.schema.orders o\nJOIN catalog.schema.line_items li ON li.order_id = o.order_id\nGROUP BY o.order_id, o.total\nHAVING o.total != line_total",
+    "sqlQueryHint": "Use fully qualified table names (catalog.schema.table). Returned rows are treated as violations.",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Dry run failed",
+    "copyError": "Copy error",
+    "errorCopiedToClipboard": "Error copied to clipboard",
+    "addAnotherSqlCheck": "Add another SQL check",
+    "everyCheckNeedsNameQuery": "Every check needs a name and a SQL query",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_one": "{{count}} check already exists and cannot be saved",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_other": "{{count}} checks already exist and cannot be saved",
+    "checksReady_one": "{{count}} SQL check ready to save",
+    "checksReady_other": "{{count}} SQL checks ready to save",
+    "saveChanges": "Save changes",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Save as drafts",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Dry run in progress",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "A dry run is currently running. Leaving will cancel it and discard any results.",
+    "unsavedSqlChecks": "You have unsaved SQL checks. Leaving will discard your changes.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Leave & cancel dry run",
+    "discardLeave": "Discard & leave",
+    "assignToTable": "Assign to a table",
+    "assignToTableOn": "This rule will be grouped with the selected table's rules, making it available for that table's pipeline.",
+    "assignToTableOff": "Saved as a standalone cross-table check by default.",
+    "fixValidationErrors": "Fix validation errors before saving.",
+    "savedSqlChecks_one": "{{count}} SQL check saved",
+    "savedSqlChecks_other": "{{count}} SQL checks saved",
+    "failedSave": "Failed to save \"{{name}}\": {{detail}}",
+    "enterSqlBeforeDryRun": "Enter a SQL query before running a dry run",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Dry run complete",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Dry run canceled",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Failed to cancel dry run",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Dry run submitted — waiting for results...",
+    "noSqlGenerated": "AI did not generate any SQL checks. Try being more specific about the tables and conditions.",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_one": "{{count}} SQL check generated by AI",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_other": "{{count}} SQL checks generated by AI",
+    "aiGenerationFailed": "AI generation failed: {{detail}}",
+    "fetchResultsFailed": "Dry run succeeded but failed to fetch results. Try refreshing.",
+    "unknownDryRunError": "Dry run failed with an unknown error.",
+    "criticalityWarn": "warn",
+    "criticalityError": "error"
+  },
+  "rulesDrafts": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Drafts & Review",
+    "title": "Drafts & review",
+    "subtitle": "Rule sets awaiting review, recently created drafts, and rejected sets.",
+    "createRules": "Create rules",
+    "ruleSets": "Rule sets",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} rule",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} rules",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtered from {{total}})",
+    "allCatalogs": "All Catalogs",
+    "allSchemas": "All Schemas",
+    "allStatuses": "All Statuses",
+    "statusDraft": "Draft",
+    "statusPendingApproval": "Pending Approval",
+    "statusRejected": "Rejected",
+    "mySubmissions": "My submissions",
+    "orphanWarning_one": "{{count}} rule missing an internal ID — actions are disabled until repaired.",
+    "orphanWarning_other": "{{count}} rules missing an internal ID — actions are disabled until repaired.",
+    "repairing": "Repairing...",
+    "repairIds": "Repair IDs",
+    "repairedToast_one": "Repaired {{count}} rule — IDs assigned",
+    "repairedToast_other": "Repaired {{count}} rules — IDs assigned",
+    "failedRepairIds": "Failed to repair rule IDs",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Failed to load rules: {{error}}",
+    "selectedCount": "{{count}} selected",
+    "submit": "Submit",
+    "approve": "Approve",
+    "reject": "Reject",
+    "revoke": "Revoke",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "clearSelection": "Clear selection",
+    "headerTable": "Table",
+    "headerCheck": "Check",
+    "headerLabels": "Labels",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Created by",
+    "headerModified": "Modified",
+    "headerActions": "Actions",
+    "selectAllAria": "Select all",
+    "selectRowAria": "Select {{name}}",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Duplicate: same check exists as {{label}}",
+    "duplicateAnotherRule": "another rule",
+    "noIdBadge": "No ID",
+    "noIdTooltip": "This rule has no internal ID. Click \"Repair IDs\" above to fix.",
+    "submitting": "Submitting...",
+    "submitTooltip": "Send this rule for review and approval",
+    "cannotSubmitDuplicate": "Cannot submit: same check exists as {{label}}",
+    "approveAction": "Approve",
+    "rejectAction": "Reject",
+    "revokeTitle": "Revoke submission and move back to draft",
+    "unreject": "Unreject",
+    "unrejectTitle": "Move rejected rule back to draft",
+    "editRuleTooltip": "Edit this rule",
+    "revokeFirstToEdit": "Revoke this submission first to edit",
+    "ellipsis": "...",
+    "function": "Function",
+    "criticality": "Criticality",
+    "source": "Source",
+    "arguments": "Arguments",
+    "editRule": "Edit rule",
+    "authoredBy": "Authored by {{user}} — only the author or an approver can edit, submit, or delete.",
+    "anotherUser": "another user",
+    "noDraftsTitle": "No drafts or pending rules",
+    "noDraftsAuthor": "Newly created rules appear here for review before they become active.",
+    "noDraftsViewer": "No rules are awaiting review.",
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete rule",
+    "deleteConfirmPrefix": "Are you sure you want to delete this rule for ",
+    "deleteConfirmSuffix": "? This action cannot be undone.",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_one": "Revoke {{count}} rule",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_other": "Revoke {{count}} rules",
+    "revokeBulkBody_one": "Are you sure you want to revoke {{count}} selected rule? It will be moved back to draft status.",
+    "revokeBulkBody_other": "Are you sure you want to revoke {{count}} selected rules? They will be moved back to draft status.",
+    "submitBulkTitle_one": "Submit {{count}} rule for approval",
+    "submitBulkTitle_other": "Submit {{count}} rules for approval",
+    "submitBulkBody": "{{eligible}} of {{selected}} selected rule(s) will be submitted for approval.",
+    "submitBulkSkipped": " {{count}} will be skipped (not eligible or duplicate).",
+    "approveBulkTitle_one": "Approve {{count}} rule",
+    "approveBulkTitle_other": "Approve {{count}} rules",
+    "approveBulkBody_one": "Are you sure you want to approve {{count}} selected rule? Approved rules will become active immediately.",
+    "approveBulkBody_other": "Are you sure you want to approve {{count}} selected rules? Approved rules will become active immediately.",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_one": "Reject {{count}} rule",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_other": "Reject {{count}} rules",
+    "rejectBulkBody_one": "Are you sure you want to reject {{count}} selected rule? Rejected rules will be moved back to the drafts list.",
+    "rejectBulkBody_other": "Are you sure you want to reject {{count}} selected rules? Rejected rules will be moved back to the drafts list.",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_one": "Delete {{count}} rule",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_other": "Delete {{count}} rules",
+    "deleteBulkBody_one": "Are you sure you want to delete {{count}} selected rule? This action cannot be undone.",
+    "deleteBulkBody_other": "Are you sure you want to delete {{count}} selected rules? This action cannot be undone.",
+    "toastRevoked": "Submission revoked — moved back to draft",
+    "toastFailedRevoke": "Failed to revoke submission",
+    "toastRuleDeleted": "Rule deleted",
+    "toastFailedDelete": "Failed to delete rule",
+    "toastSubmitted": "Submitted for approval",
+    "toastFailedSubmit": "Failed to submit for approval",
+    "toastApproved": "Rule approved — moved to Active rules",
+    "toastFailedApprove": "Failed to approve rule",
+    "toastRejected": "Rule rejected",
+    "toastFailedReject": "Failed to reject rule",
+    "bulkCannotAct": "Cannot {{action}}: you can only act on rules you authored.",
+    "bulkApproveAction": "approve some rules",
+    "bulkRejectAction": "reject some rules",
+    "bulkRevokeAction": "revoke some rules",
+    "bulkDeleteAction": "delete some rules",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_one": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} rule){{skipped}}",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_other": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} rules){{skipped}}",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_one": " — {{count}} rule skipped (not authored by you)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_other": " — {{count}} rules skipped (not authored by you)",
+    "bulkPartial": "{{ok}} succeeded, {{fail}} failed{{reason}}{{skipped}}",
+    "bulkApproved": "Approved",
+    "bulkRejected": "Rejected",
+    "bulkRevoked": "Revoked",
+    "bulkDeleted": "Deleted",
+    "bulkSubmitted": "{{count}} submitted",
+    "bulkFailedDetail": "{{count}} failed ({{detail}})",
+    "bulkFailed": "{{count}} failed",
+    "bulkSkippedDuplicate": "{{count}} skipped (duplicate)",
+    "bulkSkippedNotOwned": "{{count}} skipped (not authored by you)",
+    "bulkAllIneligible": "All {{count}} selected rule(s) are ineligible (duplicate or not authored by you)"
+  },
+  "rulesSingleTable": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Single table rules",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Edit table rules",
+    "title": "Single table rules",
+    "editTitle": "Edit rules",
+    "subtitle": "Define column-level checks for an individual table.",
+    "editSubtitle": "Editing rules for {{table}}. Run a dry run or save changes.",
+    "createSubtitle": "Define rules with AI or manually, assign tables, then validate and save.",
+    "createRulesBreadcrumb": "Create Rules",
+    "loadingRulesFor": "Loading rules for {{table}}...",
+    "editingRuleFor": "Editing rule for {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_one": "Loaded {{count}} existing rule for {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_other": "Loaded {{count}} existing rules for {{table}}",
+    "defineRulesStep": "Define Rules",
+    "validateSaveStep": "Validate & Save",
+    "validateSaveDescription": "Run a dry run against a specific table to validate, then save rules.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Generate with AI",
+    "referenceTableLabel": "Reference table (optional — provides column context to AI)",
+    "aiPromptPlaceholder": "e.g. All ID columns must not be null, email must be valid format, amounts must be positive",
+    "generating": "Generating...",
+    "generate": "Generate",
+    "addCheck": "Add check",
+    "selectTableForDryRun": "Select table for dry run...",
+    "sampleRows": "Sample rows",
+    "sampleRowsTooltip": "Dry-run validates only the first <strong>1–10,000 rows</strong> of the selected table — it's a fast preview, not a full validation. To run rules against every row, go to <strong>Run Rules</strong> and pick <strong>\"All rows\"</strong>.",
+    "maxRows": "max 10,000",
+    "running": "Running...",
+    "dryRun": "Dry Run",
+    "jobStatus": "Job status:",
+    "selectFunctionForEvery": "Select a function for every check",
+    "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Assign at least one target table to a check",
+    "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" is required for {{fn}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} check already exists for the selected table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} checks already exist for the selected table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} check{{checksPlural}} → {{rules}} rule{{rulesPlural}} across {{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "updateRule": "Update rule",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Save as drafts",
+    "updateAndSubmit": "Update & submit",
+    "submitForReview": "Submit for Review",
+    "dryRunInProgressTitle": "Dry run in progress",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "A dry run is currently running. Leaving will cancel it and discard any results.",
+    "unsavedChangesTitle": "Unsaved changes",
+    "unsavedChangesDescription": "You have unsaved rule changes. Leaving will discard your edits.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Leave & cancel dry run",
+    "discardLeave": "Discard & leave",
+    "stayOnPage": "Stay on page",
+    "checkLabel": "Check {{index}}",
+    "colBadge": "col: {{columns}}",
+    "tablesBadge_one": "{{count}} table",
+    "tablesBadge_other": "{{count}} tables",
+    "duplicateBadge": "Duplicate",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "This check already exists for the selected table(s). Remove or modify it.",
+    "function": "Function",
+    "criticality": "Criticality",
+    "criticalityWarn": "warn",
+    "criticalityError": "error",
+    "optional": "(optional)",
+    "required": "(required)",
+    "targetTables": "Target tables",
+    "selectedSuffix": "({{count}} selected)",
+    "noneSelected": "(none selected)",
+    "filteredByColumn": "— filtered by column:",
+    "checkingColumnCompatibility": "Checking column compatibility...",
+    "selectFunction": "Select function",
+    "customSuffix": "{{name}} (custom)",
+    "loadingFunctions": "Loading functions...",
+    "noMatches": "No matches",
+    "searchFunctions": "Search functions...",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTarget": "All checks already have a target table.",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTargetDescription": "Use a check's \"Target tables\" panel to add {{table}} explicitly.",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_one": "Targeted {{count}} check at {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_other": "Targeted {{count}} checks at {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecksDescription": "Checks with explicit targets were left unchanged.",
+    "toastAiNoChecks": "AI did not generate any valid checks. Try a different description.",
+    "toastAiGenerated_one": "{{count}} check generated by AI",
+    "toastAiGenerated_other": "{{count}} checks generated by AI",
+    "toastAiFailed": "AI generation failed. Please try again.",
+    "toastSelectTable": "Select a table to run a dry run against",
+    "toastNoChecksTargetTable": "No checks target the selected table",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitted": "Dry run submitted — waiting for results...",
+    "toastDryRunComplete": "Dry run complete",
+    "toastDryRunFetchFailed": "Failed to fetch dry run results",
+    "toastDryRunFailed": "Dry run failed: {{message}}",
+    "toastUnknownError": "Unknown error",
+    "toastFailedCheckStatus": "Failed to check dry run status",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailedDetail": "Dry run failed: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailed": "Failed to submit dry run",
+    "toastFixValidationErrors": "Fix validation errors before saving.",
+    "toastUpdatedSubmissionFailed": "Rule updated but submission failed: {{detail}}",
+    "toastUpdateFailed": "Update failed: {{detail}}",
+    "toastOriginalTargetRemoved": "{{table}}: original target was removed in the editor but the rule was kept. Delete it from Drafts if you no longer want it.",
+    "toastSavedSubmissionFailed": "Rule saved but submission failed: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDuplicatesExist": "Duplicate rules already exist and cannot be saved:\n{{messages}}",
+    "toastRulesSavedAndSubmitted": "Rules {{parts}} and submitted",
+    "toastRulesSavedAsDrafts": "Rules {{parts}} as drafts",
+    "toastUpdatedCount": "{{count}} updated",
+    "toastCreatedCount": "{{count}} created",
+    "toastFailedSaveRules": "Failed to save rules",
+    "argInvalidColumnName": "\"{{name}}\" is not a valid column name. Use letters, numbers, underscores, and dots only.",
+    "argSemicolonsListNotAllowed": "Semicolons are not allowed in list values.",
+    "argProhibitedSqlKeyword": "\"{{item}}\" contains a prohibited SQL keyword.",
+    "argMustBeNumeric": "Must be a numeric value.",
+    "argSemicolonsExpressionNotAllowed": "Semicolons are not allowed in expressions.",
+    "argExpressionProhibitedKeyword": "Expression contains a prohibited SQL keyword (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.).",
+    "crossArgRangeNeedsBound": "Provide at least one of Min Limit or Max Limit.",
+    "argLabelColumnName": "Column Name",
+    "argLabelAllowed": "Allowed Values",
+    "argLabelForbidden": "Not Allowed Values",
+    "argLabelLimit": "Limit",
+    "argLabelMinLimit": "Min Limit",
+    "argLabelMaxLimit": "Max Limit",
+    "argLabelRegex": "Regex Pattern",
+    "argLabelDateFormat": "Date Format",
+    "argLabelTimestampFormat": "Timestamp Format",
+    "argLabelExpression": "Expression",
+    "argLabelMsg": "Error Message",
+    "argLabelName": "Check Name",
+    "argLabelCidrBlock": "CIDR Block",
+    "argLabelValue": "Value",
+    "argLabelDays": "Days",
+    "argLabelOffset": "Offset (seconds)",
+    "argLabelMaxAgeMinutes": "Max Age (minutes)",
+    "argLabelKeys": "Required Keys",
+    "argLabelSchema": "Expected Schema",
+    "argLabelDimension": "Dimension",
+    "argLabelTrimStrings": "Trim Strings",
+    "argLabelCaseSensitive": "Case Sensitive",
+    "argLabelNullsDistinct": "Nulls Distinct",
+    "argLabelNegate": "Negate",
+    "argLabelRequireAll": "Require All Keys",
+    "argLabelAbsTolerance": "Absolute Tolerance",
+    "argLabelRelTolerance": "Relative Tolerance",
+    "argLabelMinValue": "Min Value",
+    "argLabelMaxValue": "Max Value",
+    "argHintColumnName": "e.g. id",
+    "argHintAllowed": "comma-separated, e.g. A,B,C",
+    "argHintForbidden": "comma-separated",
+    "argHintLimit": "numeric value",
+    "argHintMinLimit": "min value",
+    "argHintMaxLimit": "max value",
+    "argHintRegex": "e.g. ^[A-Z]+$",
+    "argHintDateFormat": "e.g. yyyy-MM-dd",
+    "argHintTimestampFormat": "e.g. yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+    "argHintExpression": "SQL expression, e.g. col > 0",
+    "argHintMsg": "Error message",
+    "argHintCidrBlock": "e.g. 192.168.1.0/24",
+    "argHintValue": "comparison value",
+    "argHintDays": "number of days",
+    "argHintOffset": "seconds",
+    "argHintMaxAgeMinutes": "maximum age in minutes",
+    "argHintKeys": "comma-separated keys",
+    "argHintDimension": "0, 1, or 2",
+    "argHintIsUniqueColumns": "comma-separated, e.g. id or col1, col2",
+    "overrideColumnsLabel": "Column Name(s)",
+    "overrideHelpNullsDistinct": "When true (default), NULL values are treated as distinct from each other.",
+    "overrideHelpTrimStrings": "When true, treat whitespace-only values as empty.",
+    "overrideHelpCaseSensitive": "When false, the comparison is case-insensitive.",
+    "overrideHelpDateFormat": "Optional. Leave blank to use DQX's default ISO date parser.",
+    "overrideHelpTimestampFormat": "Optional. Leave blank to use DQX's default ISO timestamp parser.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateExpression": "When true, the rule fails when the expression evaluates to true.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateRegex": "When true, the rule fails when the value matches the pattern.",
+    "overrideHintMsg": "Optional error message override",
+    "overrideHintName": "Optional custom name"
+  },
+  "runs": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Run Rules",
+    "title": "Run Rules",
+    "subtitle": "Run approved rules on demand or on a schedule. Results land in the validation history.",
+    "tabExecute": "Execute",
+    "tabSchedules": "Schedules",
+    "scheduledRuns": "Scheduled Runs",
+    "newSchedule": "New Schedule",
+    "backToSchedules": "Back to schedules",
+    "executeRules": "Execute Rules",
+    "executeRulesSubtitle": "Select approved rules and trigger manual validation runs.",
+    "tableSelection": "Table Selection",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_one": "{{count}} approved rule set available",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_other": "{{count}} approved rule sets available",
+    "selectedSuffix": "· {{count}} selected",
+    "running": "Running...",
+    "runSelected": "Run selected",
+    "runNSelected": "Run {{count}} selected",
+    "groupBy": "Group by:",
+    "groupByCatalog": "Catalog",
+    "groupBySchema": "Schema",
+    "groupByFlat": "Flat list",
+    "allCatalogs": "All catalogs",
+    "allSchemas": "All schemas",
+    "searchTablesPlaceholder": "Search tables...",
+    "selectAll": "Select all",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "noRulesMatchSearch": "No rules match your search.",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} table",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tables",
+    "crossTableRules": "Cross-table rules",
+    "unknown": "Unknown",
+    "all": "All",
+    "noApprovedRules": "No approved rules",
+    "noApprovedRulesDescription": "Approve rules in Drafts & review first, then come back here to run them.",
+    "goToDraftsReview": "Go to Drafts & review",
+    "startedRuns_one": "Started {{count}} validation run",
+    "startedRuns_other": "Started {{count}} validation runs",
+    "runsFailedToSubmit": "({{count}} failed to submit)",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_one": "All {{count}} table failed to submit",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_other": "All {{count}} tables failed to submit",
+    "viewInHistory": "View in History",
+    "batchRunFailed": "Batch run failed: {{error}}",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Failed to load rules",
+    "activeRuns": "Active Runs",
+    "activeRunsDescription": "These validation runs are currently in progress. Status updates automatically.",
+    "dismissAll": "Dismiss all",
+    "headerTable": "Table",
+    "headerRunId": "Run ID",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerElapsed": "Elapsed",
+    "headerRules": "Rules",
+    "runCompleted": "Run for {{table}} completed successfully",
+    "runFailedInternal": "Run for {{table}} failed with internal error",
+    "runFinished": "Run for {{table}} finished ({{state}})",
+    "runCanceled": "Run for {{table}} canceled",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Failed to cancel run",
+    "statusPollingError": "Polling error",
+    "statusInternalError": "Internal Error",
+    "statusRunning": "Running",
+    "statusPending": "Pending",
+    "statusDone": "Done",
+    "stopRun": "Stop run",
+    "stop": "Stop",
+    "dismiss": "Dismiss",
+    "approved": "Approved",
+    "createSchedule": "Create Schedule",
+    "createScheduleDescription": "Enter a unique name for the new scheduled run configuration.",
+    "name": "Name",
+    "namePlaceholder": "e.g. daily_sales_check",
+    "scheduleNameExists": "This schedule name already exists.",
+    "scheduleNameInvalid": "Name must be 1–64 characters using only letters, digits, underscores, or hyphens.",
+    "create": "Create",
+    "failedLoadSchedules": "Failed to load schedules",
+    "failedLoadSchedulesHint": "Please check your configuration settings",
+    "failedLoadEditor": "Failed to load schedule editor",
+    "failedLoadEditorHint": "Please check your configuration settings",
+    "scheduleCreated": "Schedule \"{{name}}\" created",
+    "permissionsViewSchedules": "Insufficient permissions to view schedules",
+    "permissionsCreateSchedules": "Insufficient permissions: only admins can create schedules.",
+    "permissionsSaveSchedules": "Insufficient permissions: only admins can save schedules.",
+    "permissionsDeleteSchedules": "Insufficient permissions: only admins can delete schedules.",
+    "failedCreateSchedule": "Failed to create new schedule",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesTitle": "Insufficient permissions",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesBody": "You need Admin permissions to view and manage schedules. Contact your workspace admin to request access.",
+    "tryRefreshing": "Please try refreshing the page.",
+    "noSchedulesConfigured": "No schedules configured",
+    "clickNewScheduleHint": "Click \"New Schedule\" to create your first schedule",
+    "headerName": "Name",
+    "headerFrequency": "Frequency",
+    "headerScope": "Scope",
+    "headerSampleSize": "Sample Size",
+    "headerLastUpdated": "Last Updated",
+    "headerUpdatedBy": "Updated By",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "allRows": "All rows",
+    "errorParsingSchedule": "Error parsing schedule configuration",
+    "scheduleSaved": "Schedule configuration saved successfully",
+    "yamlSyntaxOrValidation": "Check YAML syntax or validation errors.",
+    "failedSave": "Failed to save: {{message}}",
+    "scheduleDeleted": "Schedule \"{{name}}\" deleted",
+    "failedDeleteSchedule": "Failed to delete schedule",
+    "changesDiscarded": "Changes discarded",
+    "noScopeMatched": "No rule sets matched the schedule scope. Check that approved rules exist for the selected scope.",
+    "submittedRuns_one": "Submitted {{count}} rule run",
+    "submittedRuns_other": "Submitted {{count}} rule runs",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} table failed to submit",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_other": "{{count}} tables failed to submit",
+    "runFailed": "Run failed: {{error}}",
+    "noScheduledRuns": "No Scheduled Runs",
+    "noScheduledRunsDescription": "Scheduled runs define how DQX Studio automatically processes your data quality checks on a recurring or time-based cadence.",
+    "noScheduledRunsAdminSuffix": " Create your first schedule to get started.",
+    "createFirstSchedule": "Create Your First Schedule",
+    "scheduleNotFound": "Schedule Not Found",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionPrefix": "The schedule configuration ",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionSuffix": " does not exist. It may have been deleted or renamed.",
+    "viewAllSchedules": "View All Schedules",
+    "createNewSchedule": "Create New Schedule",
+    "selectAScheduleTitle": "Select a Schedule",
+    "selectAScheduleDescription": "Choose a schedule from the list to view and edit its configuration",
+    "editScheduleConfiguration": "Edit schedule configuration",
+    "viewScheduleConfiguration": "View schedule configuration",
+    "unsavedChangesIndicator": "• Unsaved changes",
+    "saveBeforeRun": "Save changes before running",
+    "runNow": "Run Now",
+    "runNowTooltip": "Run this schedule now",
+    "resetChanges": "Reset changes",
+    "saveChanges": "Save changes",
+    "deleteSchedule": "Delete Schedule",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmPrefix": "Are you sure you want to delete the schedule ",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmSuffix": "? This action cannot be undone.",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "failedConvertYaml": "Failed to convert form data to YAML",
+    "invalidScheduleConfig": "Invalid schedule configuration",
+    "deleteRecreateHint": "Please delete and recreate this schedule to fix the issue.",
+    "failedParseYaml": "Failed to parse YAML",
+    "basicConfiguration": "Basic Configuration",
+    "schedule": "Schedule",
+    "scheduleSectionDescription": "Configure when this schedule should automatically run. Choose \"Manual only\" to disable automatic execution.",
+    "ruleScope": "Rule Scope",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionPrefix": "Choose which approved rule sets to include. Select by catalog, schema, or specific tables. Rules are read from the ",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionSuffix": " Delta table.",
+    "noApprovedRulesFound": "No approved rules found. Approve rules in Drafts & review first.",
+    "frequency": "Frequency",
+    "freqManual": "Manual only",
+    "freqHourly": "Hourly",
+    "freqDaily": "Daily",
+    "freqWeekly": "Weekly",
+    "freqMonthly": "Monthly",
+    "freqCron": "Custom cron",
+    "cronExpression": "Cron Expression",
+    "cronPlaceholder": "e.g., 0 6 * * MON-FRI",
+    "cronHint": "Standard 5-field cron (minute hour day month weekday)",
+    "minute": "Minute",
+    "hour": "Hour",
+    "utcSuffix": "(UTC)",
+    "dayOfWeek": "Day of week",
+    "dayOfMonth": "Day of month",
+    "daySunday": "Sunday",
+    "dayMonday": "Monday",
+    "dayTuesday": "Tuesday",
+    "dayWednesday": "Wednesday",
+    "dayThursday": "Thursday",
+    "dayFriday": "Friday",
+    "daySaturday": "Saturday",
+    "dayShortSun": "Sun",
+    "dayShortMon": "Mon",
+    "dayShortTue": "Tue",
+    "dayShortWed": "Wed",
+    "dayShortThu": "Thu",
+    "dayShortFri": "Fri",
+    "dayShortSat": "Sat",
+    "scope": "Scope",
+    "scopeAll": "All approved rules",
+    "scopeByCatalog": "By catalog",
+    "scopeBySchema": "By schema",
+    "scopeTables": "Specific tables",
+    "noCatalogsInRules": "No catalogs found in approved rules.",
+    "noSchemasInRules": "No schemas found in approved rules.",
+    "noApprovedRulesAvailable": "No approved rules available.",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} of {{total}} selected",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} rule",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} rules",
+    "matchedOfApproved_one": "{{matched}} of {{total}} approved rule set matched",
+    "matchedOfApproved_other": "{{matched}} of {{total}} approved rule sets matched",
+    "rowScope": "Row scope",
+    "sampleRows": "Sample rows",
+    "sampleSizePerTable": "Sample size per table",
+    "cronManualOnly": "Manual only (no automatic schedule)",
+    "cronHourly": "Every hour at :{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronDaily": "Daily at {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronWeekly": "Every {{day}} at {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronMonthly": "Monthly on day {{day}} at {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronCustom": "Cron: {{expression}}",
+    "cronCustomNotSet": "Custom cron (not set)",
+    "scopeNoCatalogs": "No catalogs",
+    "scopeNoSchemas": "No schemas",
+    "scopeNoTables": "No tables",
+    "scopeAllLabel": "All",
+    "scopeMoreSummary": "{{a}}, {{b}} +{{count}} more"
+  },
+  "runsHistory": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Runs History",
+    "title": "Runs History",
+    "subtitle": "View past rule validation results.",
+    "validationRuns": "Validation runs",
+    "runsCount_one": "{{count}} run",
+    "runsCount_other": "{{count}} runs",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtered from {{total}})",
+    "headerTable": "Table",
+    "headerType": "Type",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerRules": "Rules",
+    "headerRequestedBy": "Requested by",
+    "headerTotal": "Total",
+    "headerValid": "Valid",
+    "headerInvalid": "Invalid",
+    "headerRunDate": "Run date",
+    "allCatalogs": "All Catalogs",
+    "allSchemas": "All Schemas",
+    "allTables": "All Tables",
+    "allStatuses": "All Statuses",
+    "allTypes": "All Types",
+    "successOption": "Success",
+    "failedOption": "Failed",
+    "runningOption": "Running",
+    "manualOption": "Manual",
+    "scheduledOption": "Scheduled",
+    "scheduled": "Scheduled",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "hasInvalid": "Has invalid",
+    "myRuns": "My runs",
+    "permissionsTitle": "Insufficient permissions",
+    "permissionsDescription": "You don't have permission to view run history. Please contact your administrator.",
+    "loadFailed": "Failed to load run history: {{error}}",
+    "noMatching": "No matching runs",
+    "noRuns": "No runs yet",
+    "adjustFiltersHint": "Try adjusting your filters to find runs.",
+    "executeRulesHint": "Execute approved rules from the Run Rules page to see results here.",
+    "moreSuffix": "+{{count}} more",
+    "runFailed": "Run failed",
+    "completedOnly": "Detailed results are available for completed (SUCCESS) runs.",
+    "wasCanceled": "This run was canceled.",
+    "loadingResults": "Loading results...",
+    "skeletonFailedLoad": "Failed to load run history",
+    "skeletonFailedHint": "The validation runs table may not exist yet. Run some rules first.",
+    "successBadge": "Success",
+    "failedBadge": "Failed",
+    "runningBadge": "Running",
+    "canceledBadge": "Canceled",
+    "pendingBadge": "Pending",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "by ",
+    "canceledByTitle": "Canceled by {{user}}"
+  },
+  "aiAssistant": {
+    "title": "AI Rules Assistant",
+    "description": "Generate data quality rules using AI"
+  },
+  "aiCheckGenerator": {
+    "title": "AI-Assisted Rules Generation",
+    "subtitle": "Describe your data quality needs",
+    "usingContextFrom": "Using context from: {{name}}",
+    "generatedChecks": "Generated Checks",
+    "copy": "Copy",
+    "copied": "Copied",
+    "noRulesYet": "No rules generated yet",
+    "enterRequirementsContext": "Enter requirements for \"{{name}}\" to get started",
+    "enterRequirements": "Enter your requirements below to get started",
+    "describeRulesContext": "Describe rules for \"{{name}}\"...",
+    "examplePlaceholder": "Example: Sales amount must be positive",
+    "kbdHint": "to generate or",
+    "kbdHintSuffix": "for a new line",
+    "enterDescriptionFirst": "Please enter a description of your data quality requirements",
+    "checksGenerated": "Checks generated successfully!",
+    "failedGenerate": "Failed to generate checks. Please try again.",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copied to clipboard"
+  },
+  "catalogBrowser": {
+    "catalog": "Catalog",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "table": "Table",
+    "tables": "Tables",
+    "selectCatalog": "Select catalog",
+    "selectSchema": "Select schema",
+    "selectTable": "Select table",
+    "selectSchemaFirst": "Select schema first",
+    "tablesAvailable": "{{count}} tables available",
+    "selectAll": "Select All",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "tablesInSchema": "({{schema}} in this schema)",
+    "tablesInSchemaWithTotal": "({{schema}} in this schema, {{total}} total)",
+    "missingColumns": "Missing required columns"
+  },
+  "columnDiscovery": {
+    "title": "Column discovery",
+    "browseColumns": "(browse columns)",
+    "hint": "Quick lookup of columns in any UC table. Click a column to copy its name; paste into the column field of any check below.",
+    "loading": "Loading…",
+    "catalogPlaceholder": "Catalog",
+    "schemaPlaceholder": "Schema",
+    "tablePlaceholder": "Table",
+    "filterPlaceholder": "Filter columns by name or type…",
+    "clearFilter": "Clear filter",
+    "pickHint": "Pick a catalog, schema, and table above to see its columns.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Failed to load columns for {{table}}.",
+    "noMatch": "No columns match \"{{filter}}\".",
+    "noColumns": "This table has no columns.",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{visible}} of {{total}} column",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{visible}} of {{total}} columns",
+    "reset": "Reset",
+    "loadingMetadata": "Loading catalog metadata…",
+    "copied": "Copied \"{{name}}\"",
+    "copyHint": "Paste into the column field.",
+    "couldNotCopy": "Could not copy to clipboard",
+    "copyAria": "Copy {{name}}",
+    "copyTooltip": "Copy column name",
+    "notNullSuffix": " · NOT NULL"
+  },
+  "commentThread": {
+    "showComments": "Show",
+    "hideComments": "Hide",
+    "commentsSuffix": "comments",
+    "loading": "Loading comments...",
+    "empty": "No comments yet.",
+    "placeholder": "Add a comment...",
+    "failedAdd": "Failed to add comment",
+    "failedDelete": "Failed to delete comment"
+  },
+  "dryRun": {
+    "totalRows": "Total Rows",
+    "valid": "Valid",
+    "invalid": "Invalid",
+    "passRate": "Pass rate",
+    "errorSummary": "Error Summary",
+    "distinctSuffix": "distinct",
+    "errorHeader": "Error",
+    "countHeader": "Count",
+    "showLess": "Show less",
+    "showMore": "Show {{count}} more...",
+    "invalidRows": "Invalid Rows",
+    "quarantinedSuffix": "quarantined",
+    "samplesSuffix": "samples",
+    "exportRows": "Export {{count}} rows:",
+    "exportFirstOf": "Export first {{first}} of {{count}} rows:",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "excel": "Excel",
+    "maxExport": "Max {{count}} rows per export",
+    "downloadSampleRows": "Download {{count}} sample rows:",
+    "loadingQuarantine": "Loading quarantine data...",
+    "noInvalidRows": "No invalid rows to display",
+    "errorsHeader": "Errors"
+  },
+  "labelsEditor": {
+    "title": "Labels (optional)",
+    "addLabel": "Add label",
+    "customLabel": "Custom label",
+    "customLabelTooltip": "Add a label whose key isn't in the admin catalog",
+    "removeLabel": "Remove label",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "key",
+    "valuePlaceholder": "value (blank → true)",
+    "searchKeys": "Search label keys…",
+    "noMatchingKeys": "No matching keys.",
+    "boolean": "boolean",
+    "valueCount_one": "{{count}} value",
+    "valueCount_other": "{{count}} values",
+    "plusCustom": " + custom",
+    "inUse": "(in use)",
+    "pickValue": "Pick a value…",
+    "searchValues": "Search values…",
+    "noMatchingValues": "No matching values.",
+    "orCustomValue": "Or enter custom value",
+    "customPlaceholder": "custom…",
+    "set": "Set",
+    "currentNotInCatalog": "Current value {{value}} isn't in the catalog.",
+    "clickToToggle": "click to toggle"
+  },
+  "labelFilter": {
+    "allLabels": "All Labels",
+    "labelsCount": "{{count}} labels",
+    "searchLabels": "Search labels…",
+    "noLabelsFound": "No labels found in the current view.",
+    "noMatches": "No matches for \"{{query}}\".",
+    "selectedSuffix": "selected",
+    "clear": "Clear"
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Role Management",
+    "description": "Map Databricks workspace groups to application roles. Users inherit the highest-priority role from their group memberships.",
+    "failedLoad": "Failed to load role mappings",
+    "noMappings": "No role mappings configured.",
+    "addMappingHint": "Add a mapping below to assign roles to Databricks groups.",
+    "delayTitle": "Role changes take up to ~1 minute to reach an active session.",
+    "delayBody": "Each user's resolved role is cached client-side for 60 seconds. After a mapping is added or removed, the affected user keeps their previous role until their session revalidates (which also happens immediately on any page navigation). A hard refresh applies the new role straight away.",
+    "delayBoldDuration": "~1 minute",
+    "delayPrefix": "Role changes take up to ",
+    "delaySuffix": " to reach an active session.",
+    "role": "Role",
+    "selectRole": "Select role...",
+    "databricksGroup": "Databricks Group",
+    "selectGroup": "Select group...",
+    "adding": "Adding…",
+    "add": "Add",
+    "groupSearchPlaceholder": "Search groups...",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "failedLoadGroups": "Failed to load groups",
+    "noGroupsMatch": "No groups match that search",
+    "noGroupsFound": "No groups found",
+    "showingFirst": "Showing first {{count}} matches — refine your search to narrow results.",
+    "roleAdmin": "Admin",
+    "roleApprover": "Approver",
+    "roleAuthor": "Author",
+    "roleViewer": "Viewer",
+    "roleRunner": "Runner",
+    "roleAdminDescription": "Full access including role management (admins are implicit runners)",
+    "roleApproverDescription": "Can approve/reject rules and all author permissions",
+    "roleAuthorDescription": "Can create, edit, and submit rules",
+    "roleViewerDescription": "Read-only access to rules",
+    "roleRunnerDescription": "Can run approved rules from the Run Rules page (additive — independent of other roles)",
+    "mappingAdded": "Mapping added: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingAddedDescription": "Stored in dq_role_mappings. Active sessions pick up the new role within ~1 minute (or on next page navigation).",
+    "mappingRemoved": "Removed mapping: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingRemovedDescription": "Affected users may keep their previous role for up to ~1 minute until their session refreshes.",
+    "failedCreate": "Failed to create role mapping",
+    "failedDelete": "Failed to delete role mapping",
+    "fallbackError": "Failed to create role mapping. Check the backend logs for details."
+  },
+  "rulesReview": {
+    "rulesTab": "Rules",
+    "yamlTab": "YAML",
+    "copyYaml": "Copy YAML",
+    "noRules": "No rules defined.",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerFunction": "Function",
+    "headerColumns": "Column(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticality",
+    "headerLabels": "Labels",
+    "headerParameters": "Parameters",
+    "criticalityError": "Error",
+    "criticalityWarn": "Warn",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "YAML must be a list of check definitions",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copied to clipboard"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97669ac5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Cargando...",
+    "tryAgain": "Reintentar",
+    "goHome": "Ir al Inicio",
+    "active": "Activo",
+    "inactive": "Inactivo",
+    "primary": "Principal",
+    "user": "Usuario",
+    "cancel": "Cancelar",
+    "save": "Guardar",
+    "saving": "Guardando...",
+    "delete": "Eliminar",
+    "edit": "Editar",
+    "add": "Agregar",
+    "remove": "Quitar",
+    "create": "Crear",
+    "submit": "Enviar",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "retry": "Reintentar",
+    "refresh": "Actualizar",
+    "close": "Cerrar",
+    "yes": "sí",
+    "no": "no",
+    "search": "Buscar",
+    "clear": "Limpiar",
+    "clearFilters": "Limpiar filtros",
+    "all": "Todos",
+    "error": "Error",
+    "warning": "Advertencia",
+    "warn": "Advertencia",
+    "errors": "Errores",
+    "name": "Nombre",
+    "type": "Tipo",
+    "status": "Estado",
+    "duration": "Duración",
+    "actions": "Acciones",
+    "details": "Detalles",
+    "back": "Atrás",
+    "next": "Siguiente",
+    "previous": "Anterior",
+    "showing": "Mostrando",
+    "of": "de",
+    "rows": "filas",
+    "rules": "reglas",
+    "checks": "verificaciones",
+    "check": "verificación",
+    "criticality": "Criticidad",
+    "labels": "Etiquetas",
+    "function": "Función",
+    "column": "Columna",
+    "columns": "Columnas",
+    "table": "Tabla",
+    "tables": "tablas",
+    "schema": "Esquema",
+    "catalog": "Catálogo",
+    "selectCatalog": "Todos los Catálogos",
+    "selectSchema": "Todos los Esquemas",
+    "selectTable": "Todas las Tablas",
+    "view": "Ver",
+    "stop": "Detener",
+    "running": "ejecutando",
+    "done": "completado",
+    "failed": "falló",
+    "success": "Éxito",
+    "successLower": "éxito",
+    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
+    "selectAll": "Seleccionar Todos",
+    "selectNone": "Limpiar Selección",
+    "preview": "Vista previa",
+    "validate": "Validar",
+    "comments": "comentarios",
+    "noComments": "Aún no hay comentarios.",
+    "loadingComments": "Cargando comentarios...",
+    "addComment": "Agregar un comentario...",
+    "showComments": "Mostrar comentarios",
+    "hideComments": "Ocultar comentarios",
+    "failedToAddComment": "No se pudo agregar el comentario",
+    "failedToDeleteComment": "No se pudo eliminar el comentario",
+    "unknownError": "Error desconocido",
+    "discard": "Descartar",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar y salir",
+    "stayOnPage": "Permanecer en la página",
+    "unsavedChanges": "Cambios sin guardar",
+    "page": "Página",
+    "rowsPerPage": "Filas por página:",
+    "min": "mín",
+    "max": "máx",
+    "ago": "atrás"
+  },
+  "language": {
+    "label": "Idioma",
+    "description": "Elige el idioma utilizado en toda la interfaz."
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "createRules": "Crear Reglas",
+    "singleTableRules": "Reglas de tabla única",
+    "crossTableRules": "Reglas entre tablas",
+    "profileAndGenerate": "Perfilar y generar",
+    "importRules": "Importar reglas",
+    "draftsAndReview": "Borradores y Revisión",
+    "activeRules": "Reglas Activas",
+    "runRules": "Ejecutar Reglas",
+    "runsHistory": "Historial de Ejecuciones"
+  },
+  "userMenu": {
+    "profile": "Perfil",
+    "configuration": "Configuración"
+  },
+  "profile": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Perfil",
+    "personalInfoTitle": "Información Personal",
+    "personalInfoDescription": "Datos básicos del usuario",
+    "firstName": "Nombre",
+    "lastName": "Apellido",
+    "externalId": "ID Externo",
+    "contactInfoTitle": "Información de Contacto",
+    "contactInfoDescription": "Direcciones de correo electrónico",
+    "noEmails": "No hay direcciones de correo disponibles",
+    "emailType": "Tipo: {{type}}",
+    "rolesTitle": "Roles",
+    "rolesDescription": "Roles y permisos del usuario ({{count}})",
+    "groupsTitle": "Grupos",
+    "groupsDescription": "Pertenencia a grupos ({{count}})",
+    "entitlementsTitle": "Privilegios",
+    "entitlementsDescription": "Privilegios del usuario ({{count}})",
+    "preferencesTitle": "Preferencias",
+    "preferencesDescription": "Personaliza la apariencia y el idioma de la aplicación",
+    "loadFailedTitle": "Error al Cargar el Perfil",
+    "loadFailedDescription": "Hubo un error al cargar la información de tu perfil. Asegúrate de que el backend esté en ejecución y que hayas iniciado sesión."
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "subtitle": "Monitorea, valida y mejora la calidad de los datos en todo tu Lakehouse de Databricks — con reglas automatizadas, programación y flujos de aprobación.",
+    "getStarted": "Comenzar",
+    "viewRules": "Ver Reglas",
+    "highlights": {
+      "uc": "Integración con Unity Catalog",
+      "ai": "Generación de reglas con IA",
+      "schedule": "Ejecución programada de reglas",
+      "rbac": "Aprobación basada en roles"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "loadingMessage": "Inicializando DQX Studio...",
+    "loadingDescription": "Configurando tu conexión al workspace",
+    "errorTitle": "Error de Autenticación",
+    "refreshPage": "Recargar Página",
+    "timeoutMessage": "Tiempo de autenticación agotado. El flujo de autenticación no se completó.",
+    "serverErrorMessage": "Error del servidor ({{status}}): {{statusText}}",
+    "unknownError": "Error de conexión desconocido",
+    "errorSuffix": "\n\nRecarga la página o contacta al administrador si el problema persiste."
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "aiAssistant": "Asistente de Reglas IA",
+    "toggleTheme": "Cambiar tema"
+  },
+  "footer": {
+    "tagline": "DQX Studio — Explorador de Calidad de Datos"
+  },
+  "sidebarUser": {
+    "configuration": "Configuración"
+  },
+  "breadcrumb": {
+    "home": "Inicio"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Configuración",
+    "title": "Configuración",
+    "subtitle": "Administra roles, permisos y configuración de visualización para tu workspace.",
+    "sectionLoadFailed": "Error al cargar la sección",
+    "timezoneTitle": "Zona Horaria de Visualización",
+    "searchTimezones": "Buscar zonas horarias...",
+    "noTimezoneFound": "No se encontró zona horaria.",
+    "adminOnly": "Solo los administradores pueden cambiar esta configuración",
+    "timezoneUpdated": "Zona horaria actualizada a {{value}}",
+    "failedToSaveTimezone": "Error al guardar zona horaria",
+    "labelsTitle": "Etiquetas de Reglas",
+    "noLabelDefinitions": "Aún no hay definiciones de etiquetas.",
+    "addLabelDefinition": "Agregar definición de etiqueta",
+    "addWeightDefinition": "Agregar definición de peso",
+    "addWeightTooltip": "Agregar rápidamente una etiqueta de peso con valores 1..5",
+    "saveChanges": "Guardar cambios",
+    "reset": "Restablecer",
+    "definitionsActive_one": "{{count}} definición activa",
+    "definitionsActive_other": "{{count}} definiciones activas",
+    "labelKeyMissing": "Cada definición necesita una clave.",
+    "labelKeyInvalid": "La clave \"{{key}}\" debe comenzar con una letra y contener solo letras, dígitos y guiones bajos.",
+    "labelKeyDuplicate": "Clave duplicada \"{{key}}\".",
+    "clearedLabels": "Etiquetas de reglas borradas.",
+    "savedLabels_one": "Guardada {{count}} etiqueta de regla.",
+    "savedLabels_other": "Guardadas {{count}} etiquetas de reglas.",
+    "failedSaveLabels": "Error al guardar definiciones de etiqueta",
+    "key": "Clave",
+    "reserved": "reservado",
+    "keyHint": "Letras, dígitos, guion bajo. Debe comenzar con una letra.",
+    "weightHint": "Controla el selector de peso en las páginas de creación de reglas.",
+    "descriptionLabel": "Descripción",
+    "optional": "(opcional)",
+    "weightDescriptionPlaceholder": "Peso de la regla (1 = informativo, 5 = crítico)",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "Lo que captura esta etiqueta (ej. Equipo responsable)",
+    "removeDefinition": "Quitar definición",
+    "allowedValues": "Valores permitidos",
+    "allowedValuesHint": "(deja vacío para una etiqueta booleana)",
+    "allowCustomValues": "Permitir valores personalizados",
+    "noValuesHint": "Sin valores — los autores alternarán esta etiqueta como una etiqueta booleana (true/false).",
+    "removeValueAria": "Quitar valor {{value}}",
+    "weightValuePlaceholder": "agregar valor de peso (ej. 1)",
+    "addValuePlaceholder": "agregar valor… (presiona Enter)",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "ej. equipo"
+  },
+  "discovery": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Descubrimiento",
+    "title": "Descubrimiento",
+    "subtitle": "Explora los activos de Unity Catalog para encontrar tablas para tus verificaciones de calidad.",
+    "browseCatalog": "Explorar Catálogo",
+    "browseCatalogDescription": "Selecciona un catálogo, esquema y tabla para ver sus columnas.",
+    "selectTableTitle": "Selecciona una Tabla",
+    "selectTableHint": "Elige un catálogo, esquema y tabla arriba para ver las definiciones de columna.",
+    "qualityRules": "Reglas de Calidad",
+    "checkingRules": "Verificando reglas existentes...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Error al cargar las reglas para esta tabla.",
+    "rulesDefined_one": "{{count}} regla definida para esta tabla",
+    "rulesDefined_other": "{{count}} reglas definidas para esta tabla",
+    "noRulesYet": "Aún no hay reglas de calidad definidas para esta tabla.",
+    "couldNotLoadRules": "No se pudieron cargar las reglas: {{error}}",
+    "rulesCount": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "updated": "Actualizado {{date}}",
+    "editRules": "Editar Reglas",
+    "getStartedAi": "Comienza generando reglas con IA.",
+    "createRules": "Crear Reglas",
+    "loadingColumns": "Cargando columnas...",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{count}} columna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{count}} columnas",
+    "failedLoadColumns": "Error al cargar columnas: {{error}}",
+    "noColumns": "No se encontraron columnas para esta tabla.",
+    "columnHash": "#",
+    "columnName": "Nombre",
+    "columnType": "Tipo",
+    "columnNullable": "Nulo",
+    "columnComment": "Comentario",
+    "draft": "Borrador",
+    "pending": "Pendiente",
+    "approved": "Aprobada",
+    "rejected": "Rechazada"
+  },
+  "profiler": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Perfilar y generar",
+    "title": "Perfilar y generar",
+    "subtitle": "Perfila tablas para generar sugerencias de reglas de calidad basadas en la distribución de los datos.",
+    "newRunTitle": "Nueva Ejecución de Perfilado",
+    "newRunDescription": "Selecciona una o más tablas (o un esquema completo), configura el muestreo y ejecuta el profiler.",
+    "tablesSelected_one": "{{count}} tabla seleccionada",
+    "tablesSelected_other": "{{count}} tablas seleccionadas",
+    "sampleLimit": "Límite de Muestra (filas)",
+    "maxSampleLimit": "Máximo 100,000 filas por tabla",
+    "stopRun": "Detener Ejecución",
+    "stopAll": "Detener Todo ({{done}}/{{total}})",
+    "runProfile": "Ejecutar Perfilado",
+    "runTables": "Ejecutar {{count}} Tablas",
+    "advancedOptions": "Opciones Avanzadas",
+    "rowFilter": "Filtro de Filas (cláusula SQL WHERE)",
+    "rowFilterPlaceholder": "ej. status = 'active' AND year >= 2024",
+    "rowFilterHint": "Condición SQL opcional aplicada antes del perfilado.",
+    "rowFilterAllTables": " Aplicado a todas las tablas seleccionadas.",
+    "columnsToProfile": "Columnas a Perfilar",
+    "columnsSelected": "({{count}} seleccionadas)",
+    "clearSelectionProfileAll": "Limpiar selección (perfilar todas)",
+    "toggleColumnsHint": "Haz clic para alternar. Sin selección = perfilar todas las columnas.",
+    "removeOutliers": "Eliminar Outliers",
+    "removeOutliersHint": "Excluir outliers estadísticos al calcular verificaciones de rango mín/máx.",
+    "outlierThreshold": "Umbral de Outlier (σ)",
+    "outlierThresholdHint": "Desviaciones estándar de la media para considerar un outlier (predeterminado: 3).",
+    "llmPkDetection": "Detección de Clave Primaria con LLM",
+    "llmPkHint": "Usa IA para detectar columnas de clave primaria y generar verificaciones de unicidad.",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "elapsed": "{{seconds}}s transcurridos",
+    "estimated": " · ~{{duration}} estimados",
+    "stop": "Detener",
+    "profilingInProgress": "Perfilado en curso — {{done}} de {{total}} completados",
+    "batchComplete": "Lote completado — {{succeeded}} exitosos",
+    "batchCompleteWithFailed": "Lote completado — {{succeeded}} exitosos, {{failed}} fallaron",
+    "stopAllShort": "Detener Todo",
+    "rowsLabel": "{{count}} filas",
+    "rulesGeneratedShort": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "resultsByTable": "Resultados por Tabla",
+    "runHistory": "Historial de Ejecuciones",
+    "runs_one": "{{count}} ejecución",
+    "runs_other": "{{count}} ejecuciones",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrado de {{total}})",
+    "myRuns": "Mis ejecuciones",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos los Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos los Esquemas",
+    "allTables": "Todas las Tablas",
+    "noRuns": "Aún no hay ejecuciones de perfilado. Ejecuta el profiler arriba para comenzar.",
+    "tableHeader": "Tabla",
+    "rowsHeader": "Filas",
+    "durationHeader": "Duración",
+    "startedHeader": "Iniciado",
+    "byHeader": "Por",
+    "viewBtn": "Ver",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "por ",
+    "profileRunResults": "Resultados de Ejecución de Perfilado",
+    "failedToLoadResults": "Error al cargar resultados.",
+    "rulesGenCountAndCount": "{{rows}} filas · {{count}} reglas generadas",
+    "selectTableFirst": "Selecciona una tabla primero",
+    "selectAtLeastOneTable": "Selecciona al menos una tabla",
+    "profilingComplete": "Perfilado completo",
+    "failedFetchResults": "Error al obtener resultados del profiler",
+    "profilingFailed": "Perfilado falló: {{message}}",
+    "failedCheckStatus": "Error al verificar el estado del profiler",
+    "submittedWaiting": "Trabajo de perfilado enviado — esperando resultados...",
+    "permissionHint": "Pide al administrador del workspace que conceda los permisos necesarios de Unity Catalog y vuelve a intentarlo.",
+    "permissionHintBatch": "Pide al administrador del workspace que conceda los permisos necesarios de Unity Catalog en las tablas seleccionadas y vuelve a intentarlo.",
+    "permissionHintTable": "Pide al administrador del workspace que conceda los permisos necesarios de Unity Catalog en esta tabla.",
+    "jobsSubmitted": "{{count}} trabajos de perfilado enviados",
+    "moreFailed": "… y {{count}} tabla(s) más fallaron al enviarse",
+    "runCanceled": "Ejecución de perfilado cancelada",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Error al cancelar ejecución",
+    "canceledFor": "Perfilado cancelado para {{table}}",
+    "canceledByUser": "Cancelado por usuario",
+    "rowsProfiled": "Filas Perfiladas",
+    "columnsLabel": "Columnas",
+    "durationLabel": "Duración",
+    "generatedRules": "Reglas Generadas ({{count}})",
+    "viewInDrafts": "Ver en Borradores y Revisión",
+    "savedToDrafts": "Guardado en Borradores",
+    "addSelected": "Agregar {{count}} Seleccionadas",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} de {{newCount}} nuevas seleccionadas",
+    "alreadyInCatalog": "({{count}} ya en catálogo)",
+    "addedBadge": "Agregada",
+    "noRulesGenerated": "No se generaron reglas a partir de los datos de perfilado.",
+    "savedAsDrafts": "{{count}} reglas guardadas como borradores para {{table}}",
+    "failedAddRules": "Error al agregar reglas",
+    "failedSubmit": "Error al enviar trabajo de perfilado",
+    "headerFunction": "Función",
+    "headerColumn": "Columna",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidad",
+    "running": "Ejecutando",
+    "successBadge": "Éxito",
+    "failedBadge": "Falló",
+    "runningBadge": "Ejecutando",
+    "unknownBadge": "Desconocido"
+  },
+  "rulesActive": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Reglas Activas",
+    "title": "Reglas activas",
+    "subtitle": "Reglas aprobadas actualmente aplicadas a tus tablas.",
+    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
+    "createRules": "Crear reglas",
+    "approvedRuleSets": "Conjuntos de reglas aprobadas",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabla{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} verificaciones totales",
+    "byTable": "Por tabla",
+    "byRule": "Por regla",
+    "crossTableTab": "Entre tablas",
+    "allSources": "Todos los Orígenes",
+    "imported": "Importada",
+    "ai": "IA",
+    "ui": "UI",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Error al cargar reglas: {{error}}",
+    "deleteTitle": "Eliminar regla",
+    "deleteConfirm": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas eliminar esta regla para ",
+    "deleteCannotUndo": "? Esta acción no se puede deshacer.",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regla",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "headerFunction": "Función",
+    "headerColumns": "Columna(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidad",
+    "headerLabels": "Etiquetas",
+    "headerSource": "Origen",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Creada por",
+    "viewEditRules": "Ver / editar reglas",
+    "noColumnRules": "No se encontraron reglas de columna / dataset. Cambia a \"Entre tablas\" para ver reglas basadas en consultas.",
+    "headerTable": "Tabla",
+    "headerName": "Nombre",
+    "errorsCount_one": "{{count}} error",
+    "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errores",
+    "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} advertencia",
+    "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} advertencias",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} verificación{{checksPlural}} en {{tables}} tabla{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "noCrossTable": "Sin reglas entre tablas",
+    "noCrossTableHint": "Las reglas SQL entre tablas aparecerán aquí una vez creadas y aprobadas.",
+    "headerMode": "Modo",
+    "rowLevel": "Por fila",
+    "datasetLevel": "Por dataset",
+    "noActiveRules": "Sin reglas activas",
+    "noActiveRulesAuthor": "Crea y aprueba reglas para verlas aquí. Las reglas activas se aplican durante las ejecuciones de calidad.",
+    "noActiveRulesViewer": "Aún no se ha aprobado ninguna regla. Revisa Borradores y Revisión para conjuntos pendientes.",
+    "ruleDeleted": "Regla eliminada",
+    "failedDelete": "Error al eliminar la regla",
+    "exportedRulesCount": "Exportada(s) {{count}} regla(s) como YAML"
+  },
+  "rulesCreate": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Crear Reglas",
+    "title": "Crear Reglas",
+    "subtitle": "Elige cómo deseas crear reglas de calidad de datos.",
+    "singleTableTitle": "Reglas de tabla única",
+    "singleTableDescription": "Define verificaciones de columna para tablas individuales, con asistencia opcional de IA.",
+    "crossTableTitle": "Reglas entre tablas",
+    "crossTableDescription": "Escribe consultas SQL que validan datos en múltiples tablas o ejecuta verificaciones de agregación a nivel de dataset.",
+    "profileTitle": "Perfilar y generar",
+    "profileDescription": "Perfila tus datos para generar automáticamente reglas de calidad basadas en estadísticas de columna.",
+    "importTitle": "Importar reglas",
+    "importDescription": "Importa reglas desde un archivo YAML."
+  },
+  "rulesImport": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Importar reglas",
+    "title": "Importar reglas",
+    "subtitle": "Importa reglas de calidad de datos desde un archivo YAML.",
+    "importFromYaml": "Importar desde YAML",
+    "importDescription": "Carga un archivo YAML o pega contenido YAML. Cada entrada debe seguir el formato de verificación DQX.",
+    "uploadYamlFile": "Cargar archivo YAML",
+    "chooseFile": "Elegir archivo",
+    "orPasteBelow": "o pega abajo",
+    "yamlContent": "Contenido YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_one": "Cargada {{count}} verificación de YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_other": "Cargadas {{count}} verificaciones de YAML",
+    "preview": "Vista previa",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerName": "Nombre",
+    "headerFunction": "Función",
+    "headerArguments": "Argumentos",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidad",
+    "headerLabels": "Etiquetas",
+    "validationErrors": "Errores de validación",
+    "targetTable": "Tabla destino",
+    "validate": "Validar",
+    "dryRun": "Ejecución de prueba",
+    "cancelDryRun": "Cancelar ejecución de prueba",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Guardar como borradores",
+    "submitForReview": "Enviar para revisión",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "El YAML debe ser una lista de definiciones de verificación, por ejemplo:\n- criticality: error\n  check:\n    function: is_not_null\n    arguments:\n      column: id",
+    "validationFoundErrors": "La validación encontró {{count}} error(es)",
+    "allValid": "Todas las verificaciones son válidas",
+    "failedValidate": "Error al validar verificaciones",
+    "selectTargetTable": "Selecciona una tabla destino para la ejecución de prueba",
+    "noBoundChecks": "No hay verificaciones vinculadas a tabla para ejecutar (las verificaciones SQL entre tablas se omiten)",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Ejecución de prueba enviada — esperando resultados...",
+    "failedSubmitDryRun": "Error al enviar ejecución de prueba",
+    "dryRunFailedDetail": "Ejecución de prueba falló: {{detail}}",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Ejecución de prueba cancelada",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Error al cancelar ejecución de prueba",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Ejecución de prueba completa",
+    "failedFetchDryRun": "Error al obtener resultados de ejecución de prueba",
+    "failedCheckDryRunStatus": "Error al verificar estado de ejecución de prueba",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Ejecución de prueba falló: {{message}}",
+    "savedDrafts_one": "Guardada {{count}} verificación como borrador",
+    "savedDrafts_other": "Guardadas {{count}} verificaciones como borradores",
+    "failedSaveRules": "Error al guardar reglas",
+    "submittedReview_one": "Enviada {{count}} regla para revisión",
+    "submittedReview_other": "Enviadas {{count}} reglas para revisión",
+    "submitFailed_one": "{{count}} regla falló al enviarse — guardada como borrador",
+    "submitFailed_other": "{{count}} reglas fallaron al enviarse — guardadas como borradores",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Ejecución de prueba en curso en ",
+    "samplingRows_one": "muestreando {{count}} fila",
+    "samplingRows_other": "muestreando {{count}} filas",
+    "crossTableSkipped_one": " · {{count}} verificación entre tablas omitida",
+    "crossTableSkipped_other": " · {{count}} verificaciones entre tablas omitidas",
+    "rowsOption": "{{count}} filas",
+    "thousandRows": "1,000 filas",
+    "fiveThousandRows": "5,000 filas",
+    "tenThousandRows": "10,000 filas",
+    "dryRunTooltip": "La ejecución de prueba valida solo las primeras 1–10,000 filas de la tabla destino — es una vista previa rápida, no una validación completa. Para ejecutar reglas importadas en cada fila después de la aprobación, ve a Ejecutar Reglas y selecciona \"Todas las filas\"."
+  },
+  "rulesCreateSql": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Reglas entre tablas",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Editar regla entre tablas",
+    "title": "Reglas entre tablas",
+    "editTitle": "Editar regla entre tablas",
+    "subtitle": "Escribe consultas SQL que validan datos entre tablas o ejecuta verificaciones de agregación a nivel de dataset.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Generar con IA",
+    "generateWithAiHint": "Describe la validación entre tablas que necesitas. Usa nombres totalmente calificados (catalog.schema.table) para que la IA pueda escribir SQL preciso.",
+    "generateWithAiPlaceholder": "ej. Verificar que cada orden en catalog.schema.orders tenga al menos una línea en catalog.schema.line_items, y que el total de la orden coincida con la suma de los importes de las líneas",
+    "generating": "Generando...",
+    "generate": "Generar",
+    "sqlCheckTitle": "Verificación SQL",
+    "duplicate": "Duplicada",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Ya existe una verificación SQL con este nombre. Quítala o renómbrala.",
+    "running": "Ejecutando...",
+    "dryRun": "Ejecución de Prueba",
+    "queryDescription": "La consulta debe devolver filas que violan la verificación (es decir, filas inválidas).",
+    "namePlaceholder": "ej. orders_total_matches_line_items",
+    "nameLengthError": "El nombre debe tener 128 caracteres o menos.",
+    "nameInvalidError": "El nombre debe comenzar con una letra y contener solo letras, números y guiones bajos.",
+    "nameHint": "Solo letras, números y guiones bajos. Debe comenzar con una letra.",
+    "querySemicolonError": "No se permiten puntos y comas. Ingresa una sola consulta SELECT.",
+    "queryProhibitedError": "La consulta contiene palabras clave prohibidas (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.). Solo se permiten consultas SELECT.",
+    "sqlQueryLabel": "Consulta SQL",
+    "sqlQueryPlaceholder": "SELECT o.order_id, o.total, SUM(li.amount) AS line_total\nFROM catalog.schema.orders o\nJOIN catalog.schema.line_items li ON li.order_id = o.order_id\nGROUP BY o.order_id, o.total\nHAVING o.total != line_total",
+    "sqlQueryHint": "Usa nombres totalmente calificados (catalog.schema.table). Las filas devueltas se tratan como violaciones.",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Ejecución de prueba falló",
+    "copyError": "Copiar error",
+    "errorCopiedToClipboard": "Error copiado al portapapeles",
+    "addAnotherSqlCheck": "Agregar otra verificación SQL",
+    "everyCheckNeedsNameQuery": "Cada verificación necesita un nombre y una consulta SQL",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_one": "{{count}} verificación ya existe y no se puede guardar",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_other": "{{count}} verificaciones ya existen y no se pueden guardar",
+    "checksReady_one": "{{count}} verificación SQL lista para guardar",
+    "checksReady_other": "{{count}} verificaciones SQL listas para guardar",
+    "saveChanges": "Guardar cambios",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Guardar como borradores",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Ejecución de prueba en curso",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "Hay una ejecución de prueba en curso. Salir la cancelará y descartará los resultados.",
+    "unsavedSqlChecks": "Tienes verificaciones SQL sin guardar. Salir descartará tus cambios.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Salir y cancelar ejecución",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar y salir",
+    "assignToTable": "Asignar a una tabla",
+    "assignToTableOn": "Esta regla se agrupará con las reglas de la tabla seleccionada, haciéndola disponible para el pipeline de esa tabla.",
+    "assignToTableOff": "Guardada como verificación entre tablas independiente por defecto.",
+    "fixValidationErrors": "Corrige los errores de validación antes de guardar.",
+    "savedSqlChecks_one": "{{count}} verificación SQL guardada",
+    "savedSqlChecks_other": "{{count}} verificaciones SQL guardadas",
+    "failedSave": "Error al guardar \"{{name}}\": {{detail}}",
+    "enterSqlBeforeDryRun": "Ingresa una consulta SQL antes de ejecutar una ejecución de prueba",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Ejecución de prueba completa",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Ejecución de prueba cancelada",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Error al cancelar ejecución de prueba",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Ejecución de prueba enviada — esperando resultados...",
+    "noSqlGenerated": "La IA no generó ninguna verificación SQL. Intenta ser más específico sobre las tablas y condiciones.",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_one": "{{count}} verificación SQL generada por IA",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_other": "{{count}} verificaciones SQL generadas por IA",
+    "aiGenerationFailed": "La generación con IA falló: {{detail}}",
+    "fetchResultsFailed": "Ejecución de prueba exitosa pero no se pudieron obtener los resultados. Intenta actualizar.",
+    "unknownDryRunError": "Ejecución de prueba falló con error desconocido.",
+    "criticalityWarn": "advertencia",
+    "criticalityError": "error"
+  },
+  "rulesDrafts": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Borradores y Revisión",
+    "title": "Borradores y Revisión",
+    "subtitle": "Revisa conjuntos de reglas pendientes, apruébalos o devuélvelos para cambios.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos los Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos los Esquemas",
+    "allStatuses": "Todos los Estados",
+    "anotherUser": "otro usuario",
+    "approve": "Aprobar",
+    "approveAction": "Aprobar",
+    "approveBulkBody_one": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas aprobar {{count}} regla seleccionada? Las reglas aprobadas se activarán de inmediato.",
+    "approveBulkBody_other": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas aprobar {{count}} reglas seleccionadas? Las reglas aprobadas se activarán de inmediato.",
+    "approveBulkTitle_one": "Aprobar {{count}} regla",
+    "approveBulkTitle_other": "Aprobar {{count}} reglas",
+    "arguments": "Argumentos",
+    "authoredBy": "Creada por {{user}} — solo el autor o un aprobador puede editar, enviar o eliminar.",
+    "bulkAllIneligible": "Las {{count}} regla(s) seleccionada(s) no son elegibles (duplicadas o no creadas por ti)",
+    "bulkApproveAction": "aprobar algunas reglas",
+    "bulkApproved": "Aprobadas",
+    "bulkCannotAct": "No se puede {{action}}: solo puedes actuar sobre reglas creadas por ti.",
+    "bulkDeleteAction": "eliminar algunas reglas",
+    "bulkDeleted": "Eliminadas",
+    "bulkFailed": "{{count}} fallaron",
+    "bulkFailedDetail": "{{count}} fallaron ({{detail}})",
+    "bulkPartial": "{{ok}} con éxito, {{fail}} fallaron{{reason}}{{skipped}}",
+    "bulkRejectAction": "rechazar algunas reglas",
+    "bulkRejected": "Rechazadas",
+    "bulkRevokeAction": "revocar algunas reglas",
+    "bulkRevoked": "Revocadas",
+    "bulkSkippedDuplicate": "{{count}} omitidas (duplicadas)",
+    "bulkSkippedNotOwned": "{{count}} omitidas (no creadas por ti)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_one": " — {{count}} regla omitida (no creada por ti)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_other": " — {{count}} reglas omitidas (no creadas por ti)",
+    "bulkSubmitted": "{{count}} enviadas",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_one": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} regla){{skipped}}",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_other": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} reglas){{skipped}}",
+    "cannotSubmitDuplicate": "No se puede enviar: la misma verificación existe como {{label}}",
+    "clearSelection": "Limpiar selección",
+    "createRules": "Crear reglas",
+    "criticality": "Criticidad",
+    "delete": "Eliminar",
+    "deleteBulkBody_one": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas eliminar {{count}} regla seleccionada? Esta acción no se puede deshacer.",
+    "deleteBulkBody_other": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas eliminar {{count}} reglas seleccionadas? Esta acción no se puede deshacer.",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_one": "Eliminar {{count}} regla",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_other": "Eliminar {{count}} reglas",
+    "deleteConfirmPrefix": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas eliminar esta regla para ",
+    "deleteConfirmSuffix": "? Esta acción no se puede deshacer.",
+    "deleteTitle": "Eliminar regla",
+    "duplicateAnotherRule": "otra regla",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Duplicada: la misma verificación existe como {{label}}",
+    "editRule": "Editar regla",
+    "editRuleTooltip": "Editar esta regla",
+    "ellipsis": "...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Error al cargar reglas: {{error}}",
+    "failedRepairIds": "Error al reparar IDs de reglas",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtradas de {{total}})",
+    "function": "Función",
+    "headerActions": "Acciones",
+    "headerCheck": "Verificación",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Creada por",
+    "headerLabels": "Etiquetas",
+    "headerModified": "Modificada",
+    "headerStatus": "Estado",
+    "headerTable": "Tabla",
+    "mySubmissions": "Mis envíos",
+    "noDraftsAuthor": "Las reglas recién creadas aparecen aquí para revisión antes de activarse.",
+    "noDraftsTitle": "Sin borradores ni reglas pendientes",
+    "noDraftsViewer": "Ninguna regla en espera de revisión.",
+    "noIdBadge": "Sin ID",
+    "noIdTooltip": "Esta regla no tiene ID interno. Haz clic en \"Reparar IDs\" arriba para corregir.",
+    "orphanWarning_one": "{{count}} regla sin ID interno — acciones deshabilitadas hasta repararla.",
+    "orphanWarning_other": "{{count}} reglas sin ID interno — acciones deshabilitadas hasta repararlas.",
+    "reject": "Rechazar",
+    "rejectAction": "Rechazar",
+    "rejectBulkBody_one": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas rechazar {{count}} regla seleccionada? Las reglas rechazadas volverán a la lista de borradores.",
+    "rejectBulkBody_other": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas rechazar {{count}} reglas seleccionadas? Las reglas rechazadas volverán a la lista de borradores.",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_one": "Rechazar {{count}} regla",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_other": "Rechazar {{count}} reglas",
+    "repairIds": "Reparar IDs",
+    "repairedToast_one": "Reparada {{count}} regla — IDs asignados",
+    "repairedToast_other": "Reparadas {{count}} reglas — IDs asignados",
+    "repairing": "Reparando...",
+    "revoke": "Revocar",
+    "revokeBulkBody_one": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas revocar {{count}} regla seleccionada? Volverá al estado de borrador.",
+    "revokeBulkBody_other": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas revocar {{count}} reglas seleccionadas? Volverán al estado de borrador.",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_one": "Revocar {{count}} regla",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_other": "Revocar {{count}} reglas",
+    "revokeFirstToEdit": "Revoca este envío primero para editar",
+    "revokeTitle": "Revocar envío y volver a borrador",
+    "ruleSets": "Conjuntos de reglas",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regla",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "selectAllAria": "Seleccionar todo",
+    "selectRowAria": "Seleccionar {{name}}",
+    "selectedCount": "{{count}} seleccionadas",
+    "source": "Origen",
+    "statusDraft": "Borrador",
+    "statusPendingApproval": "Aprobación Pendiente",
+    "statusRejected": "Rechazada",
+    "submit": "Enviar",
+    "submitBulkBody": "{{eligible}} de {{selected}} regla(s) seleccionada(s) se enviarán para aprobación.",
+    "submitBulkSkipped": " {{count}} se omitirán (no elegibles o duplicadas).",
+    "submitBulkTitle_one": "Enviar {{count}} regla para aprobación",
+    "submitBulkTitle_other": "Enviar {{count}} reglas para aprobación",
+    "submitTooltip": "Enviar esta regla para revisión y aprobación",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "toastApproved": "Regla aprobada — movida a Reglas Activas",
+    "toastFailedApprove": "Error al aprobar regla",
+    "toastFailedDelete": "Error al eliminar regla",
+    "toastFailedReject": "Error al rechazar regla",
+    "toastFailedRevoke": "Error al revocar envío",
+    "toastFailedSubmit": "Error al enviar para aprobación",
+    "toastRejected": "Regla rechazada",
+    "toastRevoked": "Envío revocado — volvió a borrador",
+    "toastRuleDeleted": "Regla eliminada",
+    "toastSubmitted": "Enviada para aprobación",
+    "unreject": "Deshacer rechazo",
+    "unrejectTitle": "Mover regla rechazada de nuevo a borrador"
+  },
+  "rulesSingleTable": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Reglas de tabla única",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Editar reglas de tabla",
+    "title": "Reglas de tabla única",
+    "editTitle": "Editar reglas",
+    "subtitle": "Define verificaciones de columna para una tabla individual.",
+    "editSubtitle": "Editando reglas para {{table}}. Ejecuta una simulación o guarda los cambios.",
+    "createSubtitle": "Define reglas con IA o manualmente, asigna tablas y luego valida y guarda.",
+    "createRulesBreadcrumb": "Crear Reglas",
+    "loadingRulesFor": "Cargando reglas para {{table}}...",
+    "editingRuleFor": "Editando regla para {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_one": "Cargada {{count}} regla existente para {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_other": "Cargadas {{count}} reglas existentes para {{table}}",
+    "defineRulesStep": "Definir Reglas",
+    "validateSaveStep": "Validar y Guardar",
+    "validateSaveDescription": "Ejecuta una simulación contra una tabla específica para validar y luego guarda las reglas.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Generar con IA",
+    "referenceTableLabel": "Tabla de referencia (opcional — proporciona contexto de columna a la IA)",
+    "aiPromptPlaceholder": "ej. Todas las columnas de ID no deben ser nulas, el correo debe tener formato válido, los montos deben ser positivos",
+    "generating": "Generando...",
+    "generate": "Generar",
+    "addCheck": "Agregar verificación",
+    "selectTableForDryRun": "Selecciona una tabla para la simulación...",
+    "sampleRows": "Filas de muestra",
+    "sampleRowsTooltip": "La simulación solo valida las primeras <strong>1–10.000 filas</strong> de la tabla seleccionada — es una vista previa rápida, no una validación completa. Para ejecutar reglas en todas las filas, ve a <strong>Ejecutar Reglas</strong> y elige <strong>\"Todas las filas\"</strong>.",
+    "maxRows": "máx. 10.000",
+    "running": "Ejecutando...",
+    "dryRun": "Simulación",
+    "jobStatus": "Estado del job:",
+    "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selecciona una función para cada verificación",
+    "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Asigna al menos una tabla destino a una verificación",
+    "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" es obligatorio para {{fn}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificación ya existe para la(s) tabla(s) seleccionada(s)",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificaciones ya existen para la(s) tabla(s) seleccionada(s)",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} verificación(es) → {{rules}} regla(s) en {{tables}} tabla(s)",
+    "updateRule": "Actualizar regla",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Guardar como borradores",
+    "updateAndSubmit": "Actualizar y enviar",
+    "submitForReview": "Enviar para Revisión",
+    "dryRunInProgressTitle": "Simulación en progreso",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "Una simulación está actualmente en ejecución. Salir la cancelará y se descartarán los resultados.",
+    "unsavedChangesTitle": "Cambios sin guardar",
+    "unsavedChangesDescription": "Tienes cambios de reglas sin guardar. Salir descartará tus ediciones.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Salir y cancelar simulación",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar y salir",
+    "stayOnPage": "Permanecer en la página",
+    "checkLabel": "Verificación {{index}}",
+    "colBadge": "col: {{columns}}",
+    "tablesBadge_one": "{{count}} tabla",
+    "tablesBadge_other": "{{count}} tablas",
+    "duplicateBadge": "Duplicada",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Esta verificación ya existe para la(s) tabla(s) seleccionada(s). Elimínala o modifícala.",
+    "function": "Función",
+    "criticality": "Criticidad",
+    "criticalityWarn": "advertencia",
+    "criticalityError": "error",
+    "optional": "(opcional)",
+    "required": "(obligatorio)",
+    "targetTables": "Tablas destino",
+    "selectedSuffix": "({{count}} seleccionadas)",
+    "noneSelected": "(ninguna seleccionada)",
+    "filteredByColumn": "— filtradas por columna:",
+    "checkingColumnCompatibility": "Verificando compatibilidad de columnas...",
+    "selectFunction": "Seleccionar función",
+    "customSuffix": "{{name}} (personalizada)",
+    "loadingFunctions": "Cargando funciones...",
+    "noMatches": "Sin resultados",
+    "searchFunctions": "Buscar funciones...",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTarget": "Todas las verificaciones ya tienen una tabla destino.",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTargetDescription": "Usa el panel \"Tablas destino\" de la verificación para agregar {{table}} explícitamente.",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_one": "Asignada {{count}} verificación a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_other": "Asignadas {{count}} verificaciones a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecksDescription": "Las verificaciones con destinos explícitos no se modificaron.",
+    "toastAiNoChecks": "La IA no generó verificaciones válidas. Prueba con una descripción distinta.",
+    "toastAiGenerated_one": "{{count}} verificación generada por la IA",
+    "toastAiGenerated_other": "{{count}} verificaciones generadas por la IA",
+    "toastAiFailed": "Falló la generación con IA. Intenta de nuevo.",
+    "toastSelectTable": "Selecciona una tabla para ejecutar la simulación",
+    "toastNoChecksTargetTable": "Ninguna verificación apunta a la tabla seleccionada",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitted": "Simulación enviada — esperando resultados...",
+    "toastDryRunComplete": "Simulación completada",
+    "toastDryRunFetchFailed": "Falló la obtención de resultados de la simulación",
+    "toastDryRunFailed": "Simulación fallida: {{message}}",
+    "toastUnknownError": "Error desconocido",
+    "toastFailedCheckStatus": "Falló la verificación del estado de la simulación",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailedDetail": "Simulación fallida: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailed": "Falló el envío de la simulación",
+    "toastFixValidationErrors": "Corrige los errores de validación antes de guardar.",
+    "toastUpdatedSubmissionFailed": "Regla actualizada pero el envío falló: {{detail}}",
+    "toastUpdateFailed": "Falló la actualización: {{detail}}",
+    "toastOriginalTargetRemoved": "{{table}}: el destino original fue eliminado en el editor pero la regla se mantuvo. Elimínala desde Borradores si ya no la quieres.",
+    "toastSavedSubmissionFailed": "Regla guardada pero el envío falló: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDuplicatesExist": "Ya existen reglas duplicadas y no pueden guardarse:\n{{messages}}",
+    "toastRulesSavedAndSubmitted": "Reglas {{parts}} y enviadas",
+    "toastRulesSavedAsDrafts": "Reglas {{parts}} como borradores",
+    "toastUpdatedCount": "{{count}} actualizada(s)",
+    "toastCreatedCount": "{{count}} creada(s)",
+    "toastFailedSaveRules": "Falló el guardado de las reglas",
+    "argInvalidColumnName": "\"{{name}}\" no es un nombre de columna válido. Usa solo letras, números, guiones bajos y puntos.",
+    "argSemicolonsListNotAllowed": "No se permiten puntos y comas en valores de lista.",
+    "argProhibitedSqlKeyword": "\"{{item}}\" contiene una palabra clave SQL prohibida.",
+    "argMustBeNumeric": "Debe ser un valor numérico.",
+    "argSemicolonsExpressionNotAllowed": "No se permiten puntos y comas en expresiones.",
+    "argExpressionProhibitedKeyword": "La expresión contiene una palabra clave SQL prohibida (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.).",
+    "crossArgRangeNeedsBound": "Proporciona al menos uno entre Límite Mínimo o Límite Máximo.",
+    "argLabelColumnName": "Nombre de Columna",
+    "argLabelAllowed": "Valores Permitidos",
+    "argLabelForbidden": "Valores No Permitidos",
+    "argLabelLimit": "Límite",
+    "argLabelMinLimit": "Límite Mínimo",
+    "argLabelMaxLimit": "Límite Máximo",
+    "argLabelRegex": "Patrón Regex",
+    "argLabelDateFormat": "Formato de Fecha",
+    "argLabelTimestampFormat": "Formato de Timestamp",
+    "argLabelExpression": "Expresión",
+    "argLabelMsg": "Mensaje de Error",
+    "argLabelName": "Nombre de la Verificación",
+    "argLabelCidrBlock": "Bloque CIDR",
+    "argLabelValue": "Valor",
+    "argLabelDays": "Días",
+    "argLabelOffset": "Desplazamiento (segundos)",
+    "argLabelMaxAgeMinutes": "Edad Máxima (minutos)",
+    "argLabelKeys": "Claves Requeridas",
+    "argLabelSchema": "Esquema Esperado",
+    "argLabelDimension": "Dimensión",
+    "argLabelTrimStrings": "Eliminar Espacios",
+    "argLabelCaseSensitive": "Distinguir Mayúsculas",
+    "argLabelNullsDistinct": "Nulos Distintos",
+    "argLabelNegate": "Negar",
+    "argLabelRequireAll": "Requerir Todas las Claves",
+    "argLabelAbsTolerance": "Tolerancia Absoluta",
+    "argLabelRelTolerance": "Tolerancia Relativa",
+    "argLabelMinValue": "Valor Mínimo",
+    "argLabelMaxValue": "Valor Máximo",
+    "argHintColumnName": "ej. id",
+    "argHintAllowed": "separados por coma, ej. A,B,C",
+    "argHintForbidden": "separados por coma",
+    "argHintLimit": "valor numérico",
+    "argHintMinLimit": "valor mínimo",
+    "argHintMaxLimit": "valor máximo",
+    "argHintRegex": "ej. ^[A-Z]+$",
+    "argHintDateFormat": "ej. yyyy-MM-dd",
+    "argHintTimestampFormat": "ej. yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+    "argHintExpression": "expresión SQL, ej. col > 0",
+    "argHintMsg": "Mensaje de error",
+    "argHintCidrBlock": "ej. 192.168.1.0/24",
+    "argHintValue": "valor de comparación",
+    "argHintDays": "número de días",
+    "argHintOffset": "segundos",
+    "argHintMaxAgeMinutes": "edad máxima en minutos",
+    "argHintKeys": "claves separadas por coma",
+    "argHintDimension": "0, 1 o 2",
+    "argHintIsUniqueColumns": "separadas por coma, ej. id o col1, col2",
+    "overrideColumnsLabel": "Nombre(s) de Columna(s)",
+    "overrideHelpNullsDistinct": "Cuando es verdadero (predeterminado), los valores NULL se tratan como distintos entre sí.",
+    "overrideHelpTrimStrings": "Cuando es verdadero, los valores compuestos solo de espacios se tratan como vacíos.",
+    "overrideHelpCaseSensitive": "Cuando es falso, la comparación no distingue mayúsculas y minúsculas.",
+    "overrideHelpDateFormat": "Opcional. Déjalo en blanco para usar el parser ISO predeterminado de DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpTimestampFormat": "Opcional. Déjalo en blanco para usar el parser ISO de timestamp predeterminado de DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateExpression": "Cuando es verdadero, la regla falla cuando la expresión se evalúa como verdadera.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateRegex": "Cuando es verdadero, la regla falla cuando el valor coincide con el patrón.",
+    "overrideHintMsg": "Reemplazo opcional del mensaje de error",
+    "overrideHintName": "Nombre personalizado opcional"
+  },
+  "runs": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Ejecutar Reglas",
+    "title": "Ejecutar Reglas",
+    "subtitle": "Ejecuta reglas aprobadas a demanda o en una programación. Los resultados aparecen en el historial de validación.",
+    "tabExecute": "Ejecutar",
+    "tabSchedules": "Programaciones",
+    "scheduledRuns": "Ejecuciones Programadas",
+    "newSchedule": "Nueva Programación",
+    "backToSchedules": "Volver a programaciones",
+    "executeRules": "Ejecutar Reglas",
+    "executeRulesSubtitle": "Selecciona reglas aprobadas e inicia ejecuciones de validación manuales.",
+    "tableSelection": "Selección de Tablas",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_one": "{{count}} conjunto de reglas aprobadas disponible",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_other": "{{count}} conjuntos de reglas aprobadas disponibles",
+    "selectedSuffix": "· {{count}} seleccionados",
+    "running": "Ejecutando...",
+    "runSelected": "Ejecutar seleccionados",
+    "runNSelected": "Ejecutar {{count}} seleccionados",
+    "groupBy": "Agrupar por:",
+    "groupByCatalog": "Catálogo",
+    "groupBySchema": "Esquema",
+    "groupByFlat": "Lista plana",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos los catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos los esquemas",
+    "searchTablesPlaceholder": "Buscar tablas...",
+    "selectAll": "Seleccionar todo",
+    "clear": "Limpiar",
+    "noRulesMatchSearch": "Ninguna regla coincide con tu búsqueda.",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabla",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tablas",
+    "crossTableRules": "Reglas entre tablas",
+    "unknown": "Desconocido",
+    "all": "Todos",
+    "noApprovedRules": "Sin reglas aprobadas",
+    "noApprovedRulesDescription": "Aprueba reglas en Borradores y revisión primero, luego vuelve aquí para ejecutarlas.",
+    "goToDraftsReview": "Ir a Borradores y revisión",
+    "startedRuns_one": "Iniciada {{count}} ejecución de validación",
+    "startedRuns_other": "Iniciadas {{count}} ejecuciones de validación",
+    "runsFailedToSubmit": "({{count}} no enviadas)",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabla no fue enviada",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_other": "Las {{count}} tablas no fueron enviadas",
+    "viewInHistory": "Ver en el Historial",
+    "batchRunFailed": "Ejecución por lotes fallida: {{error}}",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Error al cargar reglas",
+    "activeRuns": "Ejecuciones Activas",
+    "activeRunsDescription": "Estas ejecuciones de validación están en curso. El estado se actualiza automáticamente.",
+    "dismissAll": "Descartar todo",
+    "headerTable": "Tabla",
+    "headerRunId": "ID de Ejecución",
+    "headerStatus": "Estado",
+    "headerElapsed": "Transcurrido",
+    "headerRules": "Reglas",
+    "runCompleted": "Ejecución para {{table}} completada con éxito",
+    "runFailedInternal": "Ejecución para {{table}} falló con error interno",
+    "runFinished": "Ejecución para {{table}} finalizó ({{state}})",
+    "runCanceled": "Ejecución para {{table}} cancelada",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Error al cancelar la ejecución",
+    "statusPollingError": "Error de sondeo",
+    "statusInternalError": "Error Interno",
+    "statusRunning": "Ejecutando",
+    "statusPending": "Pendiente",
+    "statusDone": "Completado",
+    "stopRun": "Detener ejecución",
+    "stop": "Detener",
+    "dismiss": "Descartar",
+    "approved": "Aprobada",
+    "createSchedule": "Crear Programación",
+    "createScheduleDescription": "Ingresa un nombre único para la nueva configuración de ejecución programada.",
+    "name": "Nombre",
+    "namePlaceholder": "ej. daily_sales_check",
+    "scheduleNameExists": "Este nombre de programación ya existe.",
+    "scheduleNameInvalid": "El nombre debe tener entre 1 y 64 caracteres usando solo letras, dígitos, guiones bajos o guiones.",
+    "create": "Crear",
+    "failedLoadSchedules": "Error al cargar programaciones",
+    "failedLoadSchedulesHint": "Verifica tu configuración",
+    "failedLoadEditor": "Error al cargar el editor de programación",
+    "failedLoadEditorHint": "Verifica tu configuración",
+    "scheduleCreated": "Programación \"{{name}}\" creada",
+    "permissionsViewSchedules": "Permisos insuficientes para ver programaciones",
+    "permissionsCreateSchedules": "Permisos insuficientes: solo los administradores pueden crear programaciones.",
+    "permissionsSaveSchedules": "Permisos insuficientes: solo los administradores pueden guardar programaciones.",
+    "permissionsDeleteSchedules": "Permisos insuficientes: solo los administradores pueden eliminar programaciones.",
+    "failedCreateSchedule": "Error al crear nueva programación",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesTitle": "Permisos insuficientes",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesBody": "Necesitas permisos de administrador para ver y administrar programaciones. Contacta al administrador del workspace para solicitar acceso.",
+    "tryRefreshing": "Por favor actualiza la página.",
+    "noSchedulesConfigured": "Sin programaciones configuradas",
+    "clickNewScheduleHint": "Haz clic en \"Nueva Programación\" para crear tu primera programación",
+    "headerName": "Nombre",
+    "headerFrequency": "Frecuencia",
+    "headerScope": "Alcance",
+    "headerSampleSize": "Tamaño de Muestra",
+    "headerLastUpdated": "Última Actualización",
+    "headerUpdatedBy": "Actualizado Por",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "allRows": "Todas las filas",
+    "errorParsingSchedule": "Error al analizar la configuración de la programación",
+    "scheduleSaved": "Configuración de programación guardada con éxito",
+    "yamlSyntaxOrValidation": "Verifica la sintaxis YAML o errores de validación.",
+    "failedSave": "Error al guardar: {{message}}",
+    "scheduleDeleted": "Programación \"{{name}}\" eliminada",
+    "failedDeleteSchedule": "Error al eliminar programación",
+    "changesDiscarded": "Cambios descartados",
+    "noScopeMatched": "Ningún conjunto de reglas coincide con el alcance de la programación. Verifica que existan reglas aprobadas para el alcance seleccionado.",
+    "submittedRuns_one": "{{count}} ejecución de regla enviada",
+    "submittedRuns_other": "{{count}} ejecuciones de reglas enviadas",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabla no fue enviada",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_other": "{{count}} tablas no fueron enviadas",
+    "runFailed": "Ejecución fallida: {{error}}",
+    "noScheduledRuns": "Sin Ejecuciones Programadas",
+    "noScheduledRunsDescription": "Las ejecuciones programadas definen cómo DQX Studio procesa automáticamente tus controles de calidad de datos en una cadencia recurrente o programada.",
+    "noScheduledRunsAdminSuffix": " Crea tu primera programación para comenzar.",
+    "createFirstSchedule": "Crea Tu Primera Programación",
+    "scheduleNotFound": "Programación No Encontrada",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionPrefix": "La configuración de programación ",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionSuffix": " no existe. Puede haber sido eliminada o renombrada.",
+    "viewAllSchedules": "Ver Todas las Programaciones",
+    "createNewSchedule": "Crear Nueva Programación",
+    "selectAScheduleTitle": "Selecciona una Programación",
+    "selectAScheduleDescription": "Elige una programación de la lista para ver y editar su configuración",
+    "editScheduleConfiguration": "Editar configuración de la programación",
+    "viewScheduleConfiguration": "Ver configuración de la programación",
+    "unsavedChangesIndicator": "• Cambios sin guardar",
+    "saveBeforeRun": "Guarda los cambios antes de ejecutar",
+    "runNow": "Ejecutar Ahora",
+    "runNowTooltip": "Ejecutar esta programación ahora",
+    "resetChanges": "Restablecer cambios",
+    "saveChanges": "Guardar cambios",
+    "deleteSchedule": "Eliminar Programación",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmPrefix": "¿Estás seguro de que deseas eliminar la programación ",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmSuffix": "? Esta acción no se puede deshacer.",
+    "cancel": "Cancelar",
+    "delete": "Eliminar",
+    "failedConvertYaml": "Error al convertir datos del formulario a YAML",
+    "invalidScheduleConfig": "Configuración de programación inválida",
+    "deleteRecreateHint": "Elimina y vuelve a crear esta programación para corregir el problema.",
+    "failedParseYaml": "Error al analizar YAML",
+    "basicConfiguration": "Configuración Básica",
+    "schedule": "Programación",
+    "scheduleSectionDescription": "Configura cuándo debe ejecutarse automáticamente esta programación. Elige \"Solo manual\" para deshabilitar la ejecución automática.",
+    "ruleScope": "Alcance de Reglas",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionPrefix": "Elige qué conjuntos de reglas aprobadas incluir. Selecciona por catálogo, esquema o tablas específicas. Las reglas se leen de la tabla Delta ",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionSuffix": ".",
+    "noApprovedRulesFound": "No se encontraron reglas aprobadas. Aprueba reglas en Borradores y revisión primero.",
+    "frequency": "Frecuencia",
+    "freqManual": "Solo manual",
+    "freqHourly": "Cada hora",
+    "freqDaily": "Diaria",
+    "freqWeekly": "Semanal",
+    "freqMonthly": "Mensual",
+    "freqCron": "Cron personalizado",
+    "cronExpression": "Expresión Cron",
+    "cronPlaceholder": "ej. 0 6 * * MON-FRI",
+    "cronHint": "Cron estándar de 5 campos (minuto hora día mes día-semana)",
+    "minute": "Minuto",
+    "hour": "Hora",
+    "utcSuffix": "(UTC)",
+    "dayOfWeek": "Día de la semana",
+    "dayOfMonth": "Día del mes",
+    "daySunday": "Domingo",
+    "dayMonday": "Lunes",
+    "dayTuesday": "Martes",
+    "dayWednesday": "Miércoles",
+    "dayThursday": "Jueves",
+    "dayFriday": "Viernes",
+    "daySaturday": "Sábado",
+    "dayShortSun": "Dom",
+    "dayShortMon": "Lun",
+    "dayShortTue": "Mar",
+    "dayShortWed": "Mié",
+    "dayShortThu": "Jue",
+    "dayShortFri": "Vie",
+    "dayShortSat": "Sáb",
+    "scope": "Alcance",
+    "scopeAll": "Todas las reglas aprobadas",
+    "scopeByCatalog": "Por catálogo",
+    "scopeBySchema": "Por esquema",
+    "scopeTables": "Tablas específicas",
+    "noCatalogsInRules": "No se encontraron catálogos en las reglas aprobadas.",
+    "noSchemasInRules": "No se encontraron esquemas en las reglas aprobadas.",
+    "noApprovedRulesAvailable": "No hay reglas aprobadas disponibles.",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} de {{total}} seleccionados",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regla",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "matchedOfApproved_one": "{{matched}} de {{total}} conjunto de reglas aprobadas coincidente",
+    "matchedOfApproved_other": "{{matched}} de {{total}} conjuntos de reglas aprobadas coincidentes",
+    "rowScope": "Alcance de filas",
+    "sampleRows": "Filas de muestra",
+    "sampleSizePerTable": "Tamaño de muestra por tabla",
+    "cronManualOnly": "Solo manual (sin programación automática)",
+    "cronHourly": "Cada hora a las :{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronDaily": "Diariamente a las {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronWeekly": "Cada {{day}} a las {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronMonthly": "Mensualmente el día {{day}} a las {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronCustom": "Cron: {{expression}}",
+    "cronCustomNotSet": "Cron personalizado (no establecido)",
+    "scopeNoCatalogs": "Sin catálogos",
+    "scopeNoSchemas": "Sin esquemas",
+    "scopeNoTables": "Sin tablas",
+    "scopeAllLabel": "Todos",
+    "scopeMoreSummary": "{{a}}, {{b}} +{{count}} más"
+  },
+  "runsHistory": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Historial de Ejecuciones",
+    "title": "Historial de Ejecuciones",
+    "subtitle": "Explora ejecuciones de validación pasadas, inspecciona métricas de calidad y revisa la cuarentena.",
+    "adjustFiltersHint": "Intenta ajustar tus filtros para encontrar ejecuciones.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos los Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos los Esquemas",
+    "allStatuses": "Todos los Estados",
+    "allTables": "Todas las Tablas",
+    "allTypes": "Todos los Tipos",
+    "canceledBadge": "Cancelada",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "por ",
+    "canceledByTitle": "Cancelada por {{user}}",
+    "completedOnly": "Los resultados detallados están disponibles para ejecuciones completadas (ÉXITO).",
+    "executeRulesHint": "Ejecuta reglas aprobadas desde la página Ejecutar Reglas para ver los resultados aquí.",
+    "failedBadge": "Fallida",
+    "failedOption": "Fallida",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtradas de {{total}})",
+    "hasInvalid": "Tiene inválidas",
+    "headerInvalid": "Inválidas",
+    "headerRequestedBy": "Solicitada por",
+    "headerRules": "Reglas",
+    "headerRunDate": "Fecha de ejecución",
+    "headerStatus": "Estado",
+    "headerTable": "Tabla",
+    "headerTotal": "Total",
+    "headerType": "Tipo",
+    "headerValid": "Válidas",
+    "loadFailed": "Error al cargar el historial de ejecuciones: {{error}}",
+    "loadingResults": "Cargando resultados...",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "manualOption": "Manual",
+    "moreSuffix": "+{{count}} más",
+    "myRuns": "Mis ejecuciones",
+    "noMatching": "No hay ejecuciones que coincidan",
+    "noRuns": "Aún no hay ejecuciones",
+    "pendingBadge": "Pendiente",
+    "permissionsDescription": "No tienes permiso para ver el historial de ejecuciones. Contacta a tu administrador.",
+    "permissionsTitle": "Permisos insuficientes",
+    "runFailed": "Ejecución fallida",
+    "runningBadge": "En ejecución",
+    "runningOption": "En ejecución",
+    "runsCount_one": "{{count}} ejecución",
+    "runsCount_other": "{{count}} ejecuciones",
+    "scheduled": "Programada",
+    "scheduledOption": "Programada",
+    "skeletonFailedHint": "La tabla de ejecuciones de validación puede no existir aún. Ejecuta algunas reglas primero.",
+    "skeletonFailedLoad": "Error al cargar el historial de ejecuciones",
+    "successBadge": "Éxito",
+    "successOption": "Éxito",
+    "validationRuns": "Ejecuciones de validación",
+    "wasCanceled": "Esta ejecución fue cancelada."
+  },
+  "aiAssistant": {
+    "title": "Asistente de Reglas IA",
+    "description": "Genera reglas de calidad de datos usando IA"
+  },
+  "aiCheckGenerator": {
+    "title": "Generación de Reglas Asistida por IA",
+    "subtitle": "Describe tus necesidades de calidad de datos",
+    "usingContextFrom": "Usando contexto de: {{name}}",
+    "generatedChecks": "Verificaciones Generadas",
+    "copy": "Copiar",
+    "copied": "Copiado",
+    "noRulesYet": "Aún no se han generado reglas",
+    "enterRequirementsContext": "Ingresa los requisitos para \"{{name}}\" para comenzar",
+    "enterRequirements": "Ingresa tus requisitos abajo para comenzar",
+    "describeRulesContext": "Describe reglas para \"{{name}}\"...",
+    "examplePlaceholder": "Ejemplo: El monto de venta debe ser positivo",
+    "kbdHint": "para generar o",
+    "kbdHintSuffix": "para una nueva línea",
+    "enterDescriptionFirst": "Por favor ingresa una descripción de tus requisitos de calidad de datos",
+    "checksGenerated": "¡Verificaciones generadas con éxito!",
+    "failedGenerate": "Error al generar verificaciones. Inténtalo de nuevo.",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiado al portapapeles"
+  },
+  "catalogBrowser": {
+    "catalog": "Catálogo",
+    "schema": "Esquema",
+    "table": "Tabla",
+    "tables": "Tablas",
+    "selectCatalog": "Seleccionar catálogo",
+    "selectSchema": "Seleccionar esquema",
+    "selectTable": "Seleccionar tabla",
+    "selectSchemaFirst": "Selecciona el esquema primero",
+    "tablesAvailable": "{{count}} tablas disponibles",
+    "selectAll": "Seleccionar Todas",
+    "clear": "Limpiar",
+    "tablesInSchema": "({{schema}} en este esquema)",
+    "tablesInSchemaWithTotal": "({{schema}} en este esquema, {{total}} en total)",
+    "missingColumns": "Faltan columnas requeridas"
+  },
+  "columnDiscovery": {
+    "title": "Descubrimiento de columnas",
+    "browseColumns": "(explorar columnas)",
+    "hint": "Búsqueda rápida de columnas en cualquier tabla de UC. Haz clic en una columna para copiar su nombre; pégalo en el campo de columna de cualquier verificación abajo.",
+    "loading": "Cargando…",
+    "catalogPlaceholder": "Catálogo",
+    "schemaPlaceholder": "Esquema",
+    "tablePlaceholder": "Tabla",
+    "filterPlaceholder": "Filtrar columnas por nombre o tipo…",
+    "clearFilter": "Limpiar filtro",
+    "pickHint": "Elige un catálogo, esquema y tabla arriba para ver sus columnas.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Error al cargar columnas para {{table}}.",
+    "noMatch": "Ninguna columna coincide con \"{{filter}}\".",
+    "noColumns": "Esta tabla no tiene columnas.",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{visible}} de {{total}} columna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{visible}} de {{total}} columnas",
+    "reset": "Restablecer",
+    "loadingMetadata": "Cargando metadatos del catálogo…",
+    "copied": "\"{{name}}\" copiado",
+    "copyHint": "Pega en el campo de columna.",
+    "couldNotCopy": "No se pudo copiar al portapapeles",
+    "copyAria": "Copiar {{name}}",
+    "copyTooltip": "Copiar nombre de columna",
+    "notNullSuffix": " · NOT NULL"
+  },
+  "commentThread": {
+    "showComments": "Mostrar",
+    "hideComments": "Ocultar",
+    "commentsSuffix": "comentarios",
+    "loading": "Cargando comentarios...",
+    "empty": "Aún no hay comentarios.",
+    "placeholder": "Agregar un comentario...",
+    "failedAdd": "Error al agregar comentario",
+    "failedDelete": "Error al eliminar comentario"
+  },
+  "dryRun": {
+    "totalRows": "Filas Totales",
+    "valid": "Válidas",
+    "invalid": "Inválidas",
+    "passRate": "Tasa de aprobación",
+    "errorSummary": "Resumen de Errores",
+    "distinctSuffix": "distintos",
+    "errorHeader": "Error",
+    "countHeader": "Conteo",
+    "showLess": "Mostrar menos",
+    "showMore": "Mostrar {{count}} más...",
+    "invalidRows": "Filas Inválidas",
+    "quarantinedSuffix": "en cuarentena",
+    "samplesSuffix": "muestras",
+    "exportRows": "Exportar {{count}} filas:",
+    "exportFirstOf": "Exportar primeras {{first}} de {{count}} filas:",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "excel": "Excel",
+    "maxExport": "Máximo {{count}} filas por exportación",
+    "downloadSampleRows": "Descargar {{count}} filas de muestra:",
+    "loadingQuarantine": "Cargando datos de cuarentena...",
+    "noInvalidRows": "No hay filas inválidas para mostrar",
+    "errorsHeader": "Errores"
+  },
+  "labelsEditor": {
+    "title": "Etiquetas (opcional)",
+    "addLabel": "Agregar etiqueta",
+    "customLabel": "Etiqueta personalizada",
+    "customLabelTooltip": "Agregar una etiqueta cuya clave no esté en el catálogo del administrador",
+    "removeLabel": "Quitar etiqueta",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "clave",
+    "valuePlaceholder": "valor (vacío → true)",
+    "searchKeys": "Buscar claves de etiqueta…",
+    "noMatchingKeys": "Sin claves coincidentes.",
+    "boolean": "booleano",
+    "valueCount_one": "{{count}} valor",
+    "valueCount_other": "{{count}} valores",
+    "plusCustom": " + personalizado",
+    "inUse": "(en uso)",
+    "pickValue": "Elige un valor…",
+    "searchValues": "Buscar valores…",
+    "noMatchingValues": "Sin valores coincidentes.",
+    "orCustomValue": "O ingresa valor personalizado",
+    "customPlaceholder": "personalizado…",
+    "set": "Establecer",
+    "currentNotInCatalog": "El valor actual {{value}} no está en el catálogo.",
+    "clickToToggle": "haz clic para alternar"
+  },
+  "labelFilter": {
+    "allLabels": "Todas las Etiquetas",
+    "labelsCount": "{{count}} etiquetas",
+    "searchLabels": "Buscar etiquetas…",
+    "noLabelsFound": "No se encontraron etiquetas en la vista actual.",
+    "noMatches": "Sin coincidencias para \"{{query}}\".",
+    "selectedSuffix": "seleccionadas",
+    "clear": "Limpiar"
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Gestión de Roles",
+    "description": "Mapea grupos del workspace de Databricks a roles de la aplicación. Los usuarios heredan el rol de mayor prioridad de sus pertenencias a grupos.",
+    "failedLoad": "Error al cargar mapeos de rol",
+    "noMappings": "No hay mapeos de rol configurados.",
+    "addMappingHint": "Agrega un mapeo abajo para asignar roles a grupos de Databricks.",
+    "delayTitle": "Los cambios de rol toman hasta ~1 minuto en alcanzar una sesión activa.",
+    "delayBody": "El rol resuelto de cada usuario se almacena en caché del lado del cliente durante 60 segundos. Después de agregar o eliminar un mapeo, el usuario afectado mantiene su rol anterior hasta que la sesión revalide (lo que también ocurre inmediatamente en cualquier navegación de página). Una recarga forzada aplica el nuevo rol de inmediato.",
+    "delayBoldDuration": "~1 minuto",
+    "delayPrefix": "Los cambios de rol toman hasta ",
+    "delaySuffix": " en alcanzar una sesión activa.",
+    "role": "Rol",
+    "selectRole": "Seleccionar rol...",
+    "databricksGroup": "Grupo Databricks",
+    "selectGroup": "Seleccionar grupo...",
+    "adding": "Agregando…",
+    "add": "Agregar",
+    "groupSearchPlaceholder": "Buscar grupos...",
+    "loading": "Cargando...",
+    "failedLoadGroups": "Error al cargar grupos",
+    "noGroupsMatch": "Ningún grupo coincide con esa búsqueda",
+    "noGroupsFound": "No se encontraron grupos",
+    "showingFirst": "Mostrando las primeras {{count}} coincidencias — refina tu búsqueda para reducir los resultados.",
+    "roleAdmin": "Administrador",
+    "roleApprover": "Aprobador",
+    "roleAuthor": "Autor",
+    "roleViewer": "Visualizador",
+    "roleRunner": "Ejecutor",
+    "roleAdminDescription": "Acceso completo incluyendo gestión de roles (los administradores son ejecutores implícitos)",
+    "roleApproverDescription": "Puede aprobar/rechazar reglas y todos los permisos de autor",
+    "roleAuthorDescription": "Puede crear, editar y enviar reglas",
+    "roleViewerDescription": "Acceso de solo lectura a las reglas",
+    "roleRunnerDescription": "Puede ejecutar reglas aprobadas desde la página Ejecutar Reglas (aditivo — independiente de otros roles)",
+    "mappingAdded": "Mapeo agregado: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingAddedDescription": "Almacenado en dq_role_mappings. Las sesiones activas obtienen el nuevo rol en ~1 minuto (o en la siguiente navegación).",
+    "mappingRemoved": "Mapeo eliminado: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingRemovedDescription": "Los usuarios afectados pueden mantener su rol anterior hasta ~1 minuto hasta que su sesión se actualice.",
+    "failedCreate": "Error al crear mapeo de rol",
+    "failedDelete": "Error al eliminar mapeo de rol",
+    "fallbackError": "Error al crear mapeo de rol. Revisa los logs del backend para detalles."
+  },
+  "rulesReview": {
+    "rulesTab": "Reglas",
+    "yamlTab": "YAML",
+    "copyYaml": "Copiar YAML",
+    "noRules": "Sin reglas definidas.",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerFunction": "Función",
+    "headerColumns": "Columna(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidad",
+    "headerLabels": "Etiquetas",
+    "headerParameters": "Parámetros",
+    "criticalityError": "Error",
+    "criticalityWarn": "Advertencia",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "El YAML debe ser una lista de definiciones de verificación",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiado al portapapeles"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe71272b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Caricamento...",
+    "tryAgain": "Riprova",
+    "goHome": "Vai alla Home",
+    "active": "Attivo",
+    "inactive": "Inattivo",
+    "primary": "Principale",
+    "user": "Utente",
+    "cancel": "Annulla",
+    "save": "Salva",
+    "saving": "Salvataggio...",
+    "delete": "Elimina",
+    "edit": "Modifica",
+    "add": "Aggiungi",
+    "remove": "Rimuovi",
+    "create": "Crea",
+    "submit": "Invia",
+    "submitting": "Invio in corso...",
+    "retry": "Riprova",
+    "refresh": "Aggiorna",
+    "close": "Chiudi",
+    "yes": "sì",
+    "no": "no",
+    "search": "Cerca",
+    "clear": "Cancella",
+    "clearFilters": "Cancella filtri",
+    "all": "Tutti",
+    "error": "Errore",
+    "warning": "Avviso",
+    "warn": "Avviso",
+    "errors": "Errori",
+    "name": "Nome",
+    "type": "Tipo",
+    "status": "Stato",
+    "duration": "Durata",
+    "actions": "Azioni",
+    "details": "Dettagli",
+    "back": "Indietro",
+    "next": "Successivo",
+    "previous": "Precedente",
+    "showing": "Visualizzazione",
+    "of": "di",
+    "rows": "righe",
+    "rules": "regole",
+    "checks": "controlli",
+    "check": "controllo",
+    "criticality": "Criticità",
+    "labels": "Etichette",
+    "function": "Funzione",
+    "column": "Colonna",
+    "columns": "Colonne",
+    "table": "Tabella",
+    "tables": "tabelle",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "catalog": "Catalogo",
+    "selectCatalog": "Tutti i Cataloghi",
+    "selectSchema": "Tutti gli Schemi",
+    "selectTable": "Tutte le Tabelle",
+    "view": "Visualizza",
+    "stop": "Ferma",
+    "running": "in esecuzione",
+    "done": "completato",
+    "failed": "fallito",
+    "success": "Successo",
+    "successLower": "successo",
+    "exportYaml": "Esporta YAML",
+    "selectAll": "Seleziona Tutti",
+    "selectNone": "Deseleziona Tutti",
+    "preview": "Anteprima",
+    "validate": "Valida",
+    "comments": "commenti",
+    "noComments": "Nessun commento ancora.",
+    "loadingComments": "Caricamento commenti...",
+    "addComment": "Aggiungi un commento...",
+    "showComments": "Mostra commenti",
+    "hideComments": "Nascondi commenti",
+    "failedToAddComment": "Impossibile aggiungere il commento",
+    "failedToDeleteComment": "Impossibile eliminare il commento",
+    "unknownError": "Errore sconosciuto",
+    "discard": "Scarta",
+    "discardLeave": "Scarta ed esci",
+    "stayOnPage": "Resta sulla pagina",
+    "unsavedChanges": "Modifiche non salvate",
+    "page": "Pagina",
+    "rowsPerPage": "Righe per pagina:",
+    "min": "min",
+    "max": "max",
+    "ago": "fa"
+  },
+  "language": {
+    "label": "Lingua",
+    "description": "Scegli la lingua utilizzata nell'interfaccia."
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "createRules": "Crea Regole",
+    "singleTableRules": "Regole su tabella singola",
+    "crossTableRules": "Regole tra tabelle",
+    "profileAndGenerate": "Profila e genera",
+    "importRules": "Importa regole",
+    "draftsAndReview": "Bozze e Revisione",
+    "activeRules": "Regole Attive",
+    "runRules": "Esegui Regole",
+    "runsHistory": "Cronologia Esecuzioni"
+  },
+  "userMenu": {
+    "profile": "Profilo",
+    "configuration": "Configurazione"
+  },
+  "profile": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Profilo",
+    "personalInfoTitle": "Informazioni Personali",
+    "personalInfoDescription": "Dati di base dell'utente",
+    "firstName": "Nome",
+    "lastName": "Cognome",
+    "externalId": "ID Esterno",
+    "contactInfoTitle": "Informazioni di Contatto",
+    "contactInfoDescription": "Indirizzi email",
+    "noEmails": "Nessun indirizzo email disponibile",
+    "emailType": "Tipo: {{type}}",
+    "rolesTitle": "Ruoli",
+    "rolesDescription": "Ruoli e permessi dell'utente ({{count}})",
+    "groupsTitle": "Gruppi",
+    "groupsDescription": "Appartenenza ai gruppi ({{count}})",
+    "entitlementsTitle": "Autorizzazioni",
+    "entitlementsDescription": "Autorizzazioni dell'utente ({{count}})",
+    "preferencesTitle": "Preferenze",
+    "preferencesDescription": "Personalizza l'aspetto e la lingua dell'app",
+    "loadFailedTitle": "Caricamento del Profilo non riuscito",
+    "loadFailedDescription": "Si è verificato un errore durante il caricamento delle informazioni del profilo. Assicurati che il backend sia in esecuzione e che tu sia autenticato."
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "subtitle": "Monitora, valida e migliora la qualità dei dati nel tuo Lakehouse Databricks — con regole automatizzate, pianificazione e flussi di approvazione.",
+    "getStarted": "Inizia",
+    "viewRules": "Visualizza Regole",
+    "highlights": {
+      "uc": "Integrazione Unity Catalog",
+      "ai": "Generazione regole con IA",
+      "schedule": "Esecuzione regole pianificata",
+      "rbac": "Flusso di approvazione basato su ruoli"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "loadingMessage": "Inizializzazione di DQX Studio...",
+    "loadingDescription": "Configurazione della connessione al workspace",
+    "errorTitle": "Errore di Autenticazione",
+    "refreshPage": "Ricarica Pagina",
+    "timeoutMessage": "Timeout di autenticazione. Il flusso di autenticazione non è stato completato.",
+    "serverErrorMessage": "Errore del server ({{status}}): {{statusText}}",
+    "unknownError": "Errore di connessione sconosciuto",
+    "errorSuffix": "\n\nRicarica la pagina o contatta l'amministratore se il problema persiste."
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "aiAssistant": "Assistente Regole IA",
+    "toggleTheme": "Cambia tema"
+  },
+  "footer": {
+    "tagline": "DQX Studio — Esploratore Qualità Dati"
+  },
+  "sidebarUser": {
+    "configuration": "Configurazione"
+  },
+  "breadcrumb": {
+    "home": "Home"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Configurazione",
+    "title": "Configurazione",
+    "subtitle": "Gestisci ruoli, permessi e impostazioni di visualizzazione del tuo workspace.",
+    "sectionLoadFailed": "Impossibile caricare la sezione",
+    "timezoneTitle": "Fuso Orario di Visualizzazione",
+    "searchTimezones": "Cerca fusi orari...",
+    "noTimezoneFound": "Nessun fuso orario trovato.",
+    "adminOnly": "Solo gli amministratori possono modificare questa impostazione",
+    "timezoneUpdated": "Fuso orario aggiornato a {{value}}",
+    "failedToSaveTimezone": "Impossibile salvare il fuso orario",
+    "labelsTitle": "Etichette delle Regole",
+    "noLabelDefinitions": "Nessuna definizione di etichetta ancora.",
+    "addLabelDefinition": "Aggiungi definizione di etichetta",
+    "addWeightDefinition": "Aggiungi definizione di peso",
+    "addWeightTooltip": "Aggiungi rapidamente un'etichetta peso con valori 1..5",
+    "saveChanges": "Salva modifiche",
+    "reset": "Ripristina",
+    "definitionsActive_one": "{{count}} definizione attiva",
+    "definitionsActive_other": "{{count}} definizioni attive",
+    "labelKeyMissing": "Ogni definizione richiede una chiave.",
+    "labelKeyInvalid": "La chiave \"{{key}}\" deve iniziare con una lettera e contenere solo lettere, cifre e underscore.",
+    "labelKeyDuplicate": "Chiave duplicata \"{{key}}\".",
+    "clearedLabels": "Etichette regole cancellate.",
+    "savedLabels_one": "Salvata {{count}} etichetta regola.",
+    "savedLabels_other": "Salvate {{count}} etichette regole.",
+    "failedSaveLabels": "Impossibile salvare le definizioni delle etichette",
+    "key": "Chiave",
+    "reserved": "riservato",
+    "keyHint": "Lettere, cifre, underscore. Deve iniziare con una lettera.",
+    "weightHint": "Controlla il selettore di peso nelle pagine di creazione regole.",
+    "descriptionLabel": "Descrizione",
+    "optional": "(opzionale)",
+    "weightDescriptionPlaceholder": "Peso della regola (1 = informativo, 5 = critico)",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "Cosa cattura questa etichetta (es. Team responsabile)",
+    "removeDefinition": "Rimuovi definizione",
+    "allowedValues": "Valori consentiti",
+    "allowedValuesHint": "(lascia vuoto per un tag booleano)",
+    "allowCustomValues": "Consenti valori personalizzati",
+    "noValuesHint": "Nessun valore — gli autori alterneranno questa etichetta come tag booleano (true/false).",
+    "removeValueAria": "Rimuovi valore {{value}}",
+    "weightValuePlaceholder": "aggiungi valore peso (es. 1)",
+    "addValuePlaceholder": "aggiungi valore… (premi Invio)",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "es. team"
+  },
+  "discovery": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Discovery",
+    "title": "Discovery",
+    "subtitle": "Sfoglia gli asset di Unity Catalog per trovare tabelle per i tuoi controlli di qualità.",
+    "browseCatalog": "Sfoglia Catalogo",
+    "browseCatalogDescription": "Seleziona un catalogo, schema e tabella per visualizzare le sue colonne.",
+    "selectTableTitle": "Seleziona una Tabella",
+    "selectTableHint": "Scegli un catalogo, schema e tabella sopra per visualizzare le definizioni delle colonne.",
+    "qualityRules": "Regole di Qualità",
+    "checkingRules": "Verifica regole esistenti...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Impossibile caricare le regole per questa tabella.",
+    "rulesDefined_one": "{{count}} regola definita per questa tabella",
+    "rulesDefined_other": "{{count}} regole definite per questa tabella",
+    "noRulesYet": "Nessuna regola di qualità definita per questa tabella ancora.",
+    "couldNotLoadRules": "Impossibile caricare regole: {{error}}",
+    "rulesCount": "{{count}} regole",
+    "updated": "Aggiornato {{date}}",
+    "editRules": "Modifica Regole",
+    "getStartedAi": "Inizia generando regole con IA.",
+    "createRules": "Crea Regole",
+    "loadingColumns": "Caricamento colonne...",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{count}} colonna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{count}} colonne",
+    "failedLoadColumns": "Impossibile caricare colonne: {{error}}",
+    "noColumns": "Nessuna colonna trovata per questa tabella.",
+    "columnHash": "#",
+    "columnName": "Nome",
+    "columnType": "Tipo",
+    "columnNullable": "Nullable",
+    "columnComment": "Commento",
+    "draft": "Bozza",
+    "pending": "In attesa",
+    "approved": "Approvata",
+    "rejected": "Rifiutata"
+  },
+  "profiler": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Profila e genera",
+    "title": "Profila e genera",
+    "subtitle": "Profila tabelle per generare suggerimenti di regole di qualità basati sulla distribuzione dei dati.",
+    "newRunTitle": "Nuova Esecuzione di Profilazione",
+    "newRunDescription": "Seleziona una o più tabelle (o un intero schema), configura il campionamento ed esegui il profiler.",
+    "tablesSelected_one": "{{count}} tabella selezionata",
+    "tablesSelected_other": "{{count}} tabelle selezionate",
+    "sampleLimit": "Limite Campione (righe)",
+    "maxSampleLimit": "Massimo 100.000 righe per tabella",
+    "stopRun": "Ferma Esecuzione",
+    "stopAll": "Ferma Tutto ({{done}}/{{total}})",
+    "runProfile": "Esegui Profilazione",
+    "runTables": "Esegui {{count}} Tabelle",
+    "advancedOptions": "Opzioni Avanzate",
+    "rowFilter": "Filtro Righe (clausola SQL WHERE)",
+    "rowFilterPlaceholder": "es. status = 'active' AND year >= 2024",
+    "rowFilterHint": "Condizione SQL opzionale applicata prima della profilazione.",
+    "rowFilterAllTables": " Applicato a tutte le tabelle selezionate.",
+    "columnsToProfile": "Colonne da Profilare",
+    "columnsSelected": "({{count}} selezionate)",
+    "clearSelectionProfileAll": "Cancella selezione (profila tutte)",
+    "toggleColumnsHint": "Clicca per alternare. Nessuna selezione = profila tutte le colonne.",
+    "removeOutliers": "Rimuovi Outlier",
+    "removeOutliersHint": "Escludi outlier statistici nel calcolo dei controlli di intervallo min/max.",
+    "outlierThreshold": "Soglia Outlier (σ)",
+    "outlierThresholdHint": "Deviazioni standard dalla media per considerare un outlier (default: 3).",
+    "llmPkDetection": "Rilevamento Chiave Primaria con LLM",
+    "llmPkHint": "Usa l'IA per rilevare colonne chiave primaria e generare controlli di unicità.",
+    "submitting": "Invio in corso...",
+    "elapsed": "{{seconds}}s trascorsi",
+    "estimated": " · ~{{duration}} stimati",
+    "stop": "Ferma",
+    "profilingInProgress": "Profilazione in corso — {{done}} di {{total}} completati",
+    "batchComplete": "Batch completato — {{succeeded}} riusciti",
+    "batchCompleteWithFailed": "Batch completato — {{succeeded}} riusciti, {{failed}} falliti",
+    "stopAllShort": "Ferma Tutto",
+    "rowsLabel": "{{count}} righe",
+    "rulesGeneratedShort": "{{count}} regole",
+    "resultsByTable": "Risultati per Tabella",
+    "runHistory": "Cronologia Esecuzioni",
+    "runs_one": "{{count}} esecuzione",
+    "runs_other": "{{count}} esecuzioni",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrato da {{total}})",
+    "myRuns": "Le mie esecuzioni",
+    "allCatalogs": "Tutti i Cataloghi",
+    "allSchemas": "Tutti gli Schemi",
+    "allTables": "Tutte le Tabelle",
+    "noRuns": "Nessuna esecuzione di profilazione ancora. Esegui il profiler sopra per iniziare.",
+    "tableHeader": "Tabella",
+    "rowsHeader": "Righe",
+    "durationHeader": "Durata",
+    "startedHeader": "Avviato",
+    "byHeader": "Da",
+    "viewBtn": "Visualizza",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "da ",
+    "profileRunResults": "Risultati Esecuzione Profilazione",
+    "failedToLoadResults": "Impossibile caricare i risultati.",
+    "rulesGenCountAndCount": "{{rows}} righe · {{count}} regole generate",
+    "selectTableFirst": "Seleziona prima una tabella",
+    "selectAtLeastOneTable": "Seleziona almeno una tabella",
+    "profilingComplete": "Profilazione completata",
+    "failedFetchResults": "Impossibile recuperare i risultati del profiler",
+    "profilingFailed": "Profilazione fallita: {{message}}",
+    "failedCheckStatus": "Impossibile verificare lo stato del profiler",
+    "submittedWaiting": "Job di profilazione inviato — in attesa di risultati...",
+    "permissionHint": "Chiedi all'amministratore del workspace di concedere i permessi Unity Catalog richiesti, quindi riprova.",
+    "permissionHintBatch": "Chiedi all'amministratore del workspace di concedere i permessi Unity Catalog richiesti sulle tabelle selezionate, quindi riprova.",
+    "permissionHintTable": "Chiedi all'amministratore del workspace di concedere i permessi Unity Catalog richiesti su questa tabella.",
+    "jobsSubmitted": "{{count}} job di profilazione inviati",
+    "moreFailed": "… e altre {{count}} tabelle non sono riuscite ad essere inviate",
+    "runCanceled": "Esecuzione di profilazione annullata",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Impossibile annullare l'esecuzione",
+    "canceledFor": "Profilazione annullata per {{table}}",
+    "canceledByUser": "Annullata dall'utente",
+    "rowsProfiled": "Righe Profilate",
+    "columnsLabel": "Colonne",
+    "durationLabel": "Durata",
+    "generatedRules": "Regole Generate ({{count}})",
+    "viewInDrafts": "Vedi in Bozze e Revisione",
+    "savedToDrafts": "Salvato in Bozze",
+    "addSelected": "Aggiungi {{count}} Selezionate",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} di {{newCount}} nuove selezionate",
+    "alreadyInCatalog": "({{count}} già nel catalogo)",
+    "addedBadge": "Aggiunta",
+    "noRulesGenerated": "Nessuna regola è stata generata dai dati di profilazione.",
+    "savedAsDrafts": "{{count}} regole salvate come bozze per {{table}}",
+    "failedAddRules": "Impossibile aggiungere regole",
+    "failedSubmit": "Impossibile inviare il job di profilazione",
+    "headerFunction": "Funzione",
+    "headerColumn": "Colonna",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticità",
+    "running": "In esecuzione",
+    "successBadge": "Successo",
+    "failedBadge": "Fallito",
+    "runningBadge": "In esecuzione",
+    "unknownBadge": "Sconosciuto"
+  },
+  "rulesActive": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regole Attive",
+    "title": "Regole attive",
+    "subtitle": "Regole approvate attualmente applicate alle tue tabelle.",
+    "exportYaml": "Esporta YAML",
+    "createRules": "Crea regole",
+    "approvedRuleSets": "Set di regole approvate",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabella{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} controlli totali",
+    "byTable": "Per tabella",
+    "byRule": "Per regola",
+    "crossTableTab": "Tra tabelle",
+    "allSources": "Tutte le Origini",
+    "imported": "Importata",
+    "ai": "IA",
+    "ui": "UI",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Impossibile caricare regole: {{error}}",
+    "deleteTitle": "Elimina regola",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare questa regola per ",
+    "deleteCannotUndo": "? Questa azione non può essere annullata.",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regola",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regole",
+    "headerFunction": "Funzione",
+    "headerColumns": "Colonna(e)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticità",
+    "headerLabels": "Etichette",
+    "headerSource": "Origine",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Creata da",
+    "viewEditRules": "Visualizza / modifica regole",
+    "noColumnRules": "Nessuna regola di colonna / dataset trovata. Passa a \"Tra tabelle\" per visualizzare regole basate su query.",
+    "headerTable": "Tabella",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "errorsCount_one": "{{count}} errore",
+    "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errori",
+    "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} avviso",
+    "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} avvisi",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} controllo{{checksPlural}} su {{tables}} tabella{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "noCrossTable": "Nessuna regola tra tabelle",
+    "noCrossTableHint": "Le regole SQL tra tabelle appariranno qui dopo essere state create e approvate.",
+    "headerMode": "Modalità",
+    "rowLevel": "A livello di riga",
+    "datasetLevel": "A livello di dataset",
+    "noActiveRules": "Nessuna regola attiva",
+    "noActiveRulesAuthor": "Crea e approva regole per vederle qui. Le regole attive vengono applicate durante le esecuzioni di qualità.",
+    "noActiveRulesViewer": "Nessuna regola è stata ancora approvata. Controlla Bozze e Revisione per i set di regole in attesa.",
+    "ruleDeleted": "Regola eliminata",
+    "failedDelete": "Impossibile eliminare la regola",
+    "exportedRulesCount": "Esportate {{count}} regola/e come YAML"
+  },
+  "rulesCreate": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Crea Regole",
+    "title": "Crea Regole",
+    "subtitle": "Scegli come vuoi creare le regole di qualità dei dati.",
+    "singleTableTitle": "Regole su tabella singola",
+    "singleTableDescription": "Definisci controlli a livello di colonna per tabelle individuali, con assistenza opzionale dell'IA.",
+    "crossTableTitle": "Regole tra tabelle",
+    "crossTableDescription": "Scrivi query SQL che validano dati tra più tabelle o esegui controlli di aggregazione a livello di dataset.",
+    "profileTitle": "Profila e genera",
+    "profileDescription": "Profila i tuoi dati per generare automaticamente regole di qualità basate su statistiche di colonna.",
+    "importTitle": "Importa regole",
+    "importDescription": "Importa regole da un file YAML."
+  },
+  "rulesImport": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Importa regole",
+    "title": "Importa regole",
+    "subtitle": "Importa regole di qualità dei dati da un file YAML.",
+    "importFromYaml": "Importa da YAML",
+    "importDescription": "Carica un file YAML o incolla il contenuto YAML. Ogni voce deve seguire il formato di controllo DQX.",
+    "uploadYamlFile": "Carica file YAML",
+    "chooseFile": "Scegli file",
+    "orPasteBelow": "o incolla sotto",
+    "yamlContent": "Contenuto YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_one": "Caricato {{count}} controllo dal YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_other": "Caricati {{count}} controlli dal YAML",
+    "preview": "Anteprima",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "headerFunction": "Funzione",
+    "headerArguments": "Argomenti",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticità",
+    "headerLabels": "Etichette",
+    "validationErrors": "Errori di validazione",
+    "targetTable": "Tabella di destinazione",
+    "validate": "Valida",
+    "dryRun": "Esecuzione di prova",
+    "cancelDryRun": "Annulla esecuzione di prova",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salva come bozze",
+    "submitForReview": "Invia per revisione",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "Il YAML deve essere una lista di definizioni di controllo, ad esempio:\n- criticality: error\n  check:\n    function: is_not_null\n    arguments:\n      column: id",
+    "validationFoundErrors": "La validazione ha trovato {{count}} errore/i",
+    "allValid": "Tutti i controlli sono validi",
+    "failedValidate": "Impossibile validare i controlli",
+    "selectTargetTable": "Seleziona una tabella di destinazione per l'esecuzione di prova",
+    "noBoundChecks": "Nessun controllo legato a tabella per l'esecuzione di prova (i controlli SQL tra tabelle vengono saltati)",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Esecuzione di prova inviata — in attesa di risultati...",
+    "failedSubmitDryRun": "Impossibile inviare l'esecuzione di prova",
+    "dryRunFailedDetail": "Esecuzione di prova fallita: {{detail}}",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Esecuzione di prova annullata",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Impossibile annullare l'esecuzione di prova",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Esecuzione di prova completata",
+    "failedFetchDryRun": "Impossibile recuperare i risultati dell'esecuzione di prova",
+    "failedCheckDryRunStatus": "Impossibile verificare lo stato dell'esecuzione di prova",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Esecuzione di prova fallita: {{message}}",
+    "savedDrafts_one": "Salvato {{count}} controllo come bozza",
+    "savedDrafts_other": "Salvati {{count}} controlli come bozze",
+    "failedSaveRules": "Impossibile salvare le regole",
+    "submittedReview_one": "Inviata {{count}} regola per revisione",
+    "submittedReview_other": "Inviate {{count}} regole per revisione",
+    "submitFailed_one": "{{count}} regola non è riuscita ad essere inviata — salvata come bozza",
+    "submitFailed_other": "{{count}} regole non sono riuscite ad essere inviate — salvate come bozze",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Esecuzione di prova in corso su ",
+    "samplingRows_one": "campionamento {{count}} riga",
+    "samplingRows_other": "campionamento {{count}} righe",
+    "crossTableSkipped_one": " · {{count}} controllo tra tabelle saltato",
+    "crossTableSkipped_other": " · {{count}} controlli tra tabelle saltati",
+    "rowsOption": "{{count}} righe",
+    "thousandRows": "1.000 righe",
+    "fiveThousandRows": "5.000 righe",
+    "tenThousandRows": "10.000 righe",
+    "dryRunTooltip": "L'esecuzione di prova valida solo le prime 1–10.000 righe della tabella di destinazione — è un'anteprima rapida, non una validazione completa. Per eseguire le regole importate su ogni riga dopo l'approvazione, vai a Esegui Regole e seleziona \"Tutte le righe\"."
+  },
+  "rulesCreateSql": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regole tra tabelle",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Modifica regola tra tabelle",
+    "title": "Regole tra tabelle",
+    "editTitle": "Modifica regola tra tabelle",
+    "subtitle": "Scrivi query SQL che validano dati tra tabelle o esegui controlli di aggregazione a livello di dataset.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Genera con IA",
+    "generateWithAiHint": "Descrivi la validazione tra tabelle di cui hai bisogno. Usa nomi completamente qualificati (catalog.schema.table) per generare SQL accurato.",
+    "generateWithAiPlaceholder": "es. Verifica che ogni ordine in catalog.schema.orders abbia almeno una riga in catalog.schema.line_items, e che il totale dell'ordine corrisponda alla somma degli importi delle righe",
+    "generating": "Generazione...",
+    "generate": "Genera",
+    "sqlCheckTitle": "Controllo SQL",
+    "duplicate": "Duplicato",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Esiste già un controllo SQL con questo nome. Rimuovi o rinomina.",
+    "running": "In esecuzione...",
+    "dryRun": "Esecuzione di Prova",
+    "queryDescription": "La query deve restituire le righe che violano il controllo (cioè le righe non valide).",
+    "namePlaceholder": "es. orders_total_matches_line_items",
+    "nameLengthError": "Il nome deve essere di 128 caratteri o meno.",
+    "nameInvalidError": "Il nome deve iniziare con una lettera e contenere solo lettere, numeri e underscore.",
+    "nameHint": "Solo lettere, numeri e underscore. Deve iniziare con una lettera.",
+    "querySemicolonError": "I punti e virgola non sono consentiti. Inserisci una sola query SELECT.",
+    "queryProhibitedError": "La query contiene parole chiave proibite (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, ecc.). Sono consentite solo query SELECT.",
+    "sqlQueryLabel": "Query SQL",
+    "sqlQueryPlaceholder": "SELECT o.order_id, o.total, SUM(li.amount) AS line_total\nFROM catalog.schema.orders o\nJOIN catalog.schema.line_items li ON li.order_id = o.order_id\nGROUP BY o.order_id, o.total\nHAVING o.total != line_total",
+    "sqlQueryHint": "Usa nomi completamente qualificati (catalog.schema.table). Le righe restituite vengono trattate come violazioni.",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Esecuzione di prova fallita",
+    "copyError": "Copia errore",
+    "errorCopiedToClipboard": "Errore copiato negli appunti",
+    "addAnotherSqlCheck": "Aggiungi un altro controllo SQL",
+    "everyCheckNeedsNameQuery": "Ogni controllo richiede un nome e una query SQL",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_one": "{{count}} controllo esiste già e non può essere salvato",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_other": "{{count}} controlli esistono già e non possono essere salvati",
+    "checksReady_one": "{{count}} controllo SQL pronto per il salvataggio",
+    "checksReady_other": "{{count}} controlli SQL pronti per il salvataggio",
+    "saveChanges": "Salva modifiche",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salva come bozze",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Esecuzione di prova in corso",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "È in corso un'esecuzione di prova. Uscire annullerà e scarterà i risultati.",
+    "unsavedSqlChecks": "Hai controlli SQL non salvati. Uscire scarterà le modifiche.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Esci e annulla esecuzione",
+    "discardLeave": "Scarta ed esci",
+    "assignToTable": "Assegna a una tabella",
+    "assignToTableOn": "Questa regola sarà raggruppata con le regole della tabella selezionata, rendendola disponibile per la pipeline di quella tabella.",
+    "assignToTableOff": "Salvato come controllo tra tabelle indipendente per impostazione predefinita.",
+    "fixValidationErrors": "Correggi gli errori di validazione prima di salvare.",
+    "savedSqlChecks_one": "{{count}} controllo SQL salvato",
+    "savedSqlChecks_other": "{{count}} controlli SQL salvati",
+    "failedSave": "Impossibile salvare \"{{name}}\": {{detail}}",
+    "enterSqlBeforeDryRun": "Inserisci una query SQL prima di eseguire un'esecuzione di prova",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Esecuzione di prova completata",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Esecuzione di prova annullata",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Impossibile annullare l'esecuzione di prova",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Esecuzione di prova inviata — in attesa di risultati...",
+    "noSqlGenerated": "L'IA non ha generato controlli SQL. Prova a essere più specifico su tabelle e condizioni.",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_one": "{{count}} controllo SQL generato dall'IA",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_other": "{{count}} controlli SQL generati dall'IA",
+    "aiGenerationFailed": "Generazione IA fallita: {{detail}}",
+    "fetchResultsFailed": "Esecuzione di prova riuscita ma impossibile recuperare i risultati. Prova ad aggiornare.",
+    "unknownDryRunError": "Esecuzione di prova fallita con errore sconosciuto.",
+    "criticalityWarn": "avviso",
+    "criticalityError": "errore"
+  },
+  "rulesDrafts": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Bozze e Revisione",
+    "title": "Bozze e Revisione",
+    "subtitle": "Rivedi i set di regole in attesa, approvali o rinvialli per modifiche.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Tutti i Cataloghi",
+    "allSchemas": "Tutti gli Schemi",
+    "allStatuses": "Tutti gli Stati",
+    "anotherUser": "un altro utente",
+    "approve": "Approva",
+    "approveAction": "Approva",
+    "approveBulkBody_one": "Sei sicuro di voler approvare {{count}} regola selezionata? Le regole approvate diventeranno attive immediatamente.",
+    "approveBulkBody_other": "Sei sicuro di voler approvare {{count}} regole selezionate? Le regole approvate diventeranno attive immediatamente.",
+    "approveBulkTitle_one": "Approva {{count}} regola",
+    "approveBulkTitle_other": "Approva {{count}} regole",
+    "arguments": "Argomenti",
+    "authoredBy": "Creata da {{user}} — solo l'autore o un approvatore può modificare, inviare o eliminare.",
+    "bulkAllIneligible": "Tutte le {{count}} regole selezionate non sono idonee (duplicate o non create da te)",
+    "bulkApproveAction": "approvare alcune regole",
+    "bulkApproved": "Approvate",
+    "bulkCannotAct": "Impossibile {{action}}: puoi agire solo sulle regole che hai creato.",
+    "bulkDeleteAction": "eliminare alcune regole",
+    "bulkDeleted": "Eliminate",
+    "bulkFailed": "{{count}} non riuscite",
+    "bulkFailedDetail": "{{count}} non riuscite ({{detail}})",
+    "bulkPartial": "{{ok}} riuscite, {{fail}} non riuscite{{reason}}{{skipped}}",
+    "bulkRejectAction": "rifiutare alcune regole",
+    "bulkRejected": "Rifiutate",
+    "bulkRevokeAction": "revocare alcune regole",
+    "bulkRevoked": "Revocate",
+    "bulkSkippedDuplicate": "{{count}} ignorate (duplicate)",
+    "bulkSkippedNotOwned": "{{count}} ignorate (non create da te)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_one": " — {{count}} regola ignorata (non creata da te)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_other": " — {{count}} regole ignorate (non create da te)",
+    "bulkSubmitted": "{{count}} inviate",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_one": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} regola){{skipped}}",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_other": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} regole){{skipped}}",
+    "cannotSubmitDuplicate": "Impossibile inviare: lo stesso controllo esiste come {{label}}",
+    "clearSelection": "Cancella selezione",
+    "createRules": "Crea regole",
+    "criticality": "Criticità",
+    "delete": "Elimina",
+    "deleteBulkBody_one": "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare {{count}} regola selezionata? Questa azione non può essere annullata.",
+    "deleteBulkBody_other": "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare {{count}} regole selezionate? Questa azione non può essere annullata.",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_one": "Elimina {{count}} regola",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_other": "Elimina {{count}} regole",
+    "deleteConfirmPrefix": "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare questa regola per ",
+    "deleteConfirmSuffix": "? Questa azione non può essere annullata.",
+    "deleteTitle": "Elimina regola",
+    "duplicateAnotherRule": "un'altra regola",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Duplicata: lo stesso controllo esiste come {{label}}",
+    "editRule": "Modifica regola",
+    "editRuleTooltip": "Modifica questa regola",
+    "ellipsis": "...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Impossibile caricare le regole: {{error}}",
+    "failedRepairIds": "Impossibile riparare gli ID delle regole",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrate da {{total}})",
+    "function": "Funzione",
+    "headerActions": "Azioni",
+    "headerCheck": "Controllo",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Creata da",
+    "headerLabels": "Etichette",
+    "headerModified": "Modificata",
+    "headerStatus": "Stato",
+    "headerTable": "Tabella",
+    "mySubmissions": "I miei invii",
+    "noDraftsAuthor": "Le regole appena create appaiono qui per la revisione prima di diventare attive.",
+    "noDraftsTitle": "Nessuna bozza o regola in attesa",
+    "noDraftsViewer": "Nessuna regola in attesa di revisione.",
+    "noIdBadge": "Senza ID",
+    "noIdTooltip": "Questa regola non ha un ID interno. Fai clic su \"Ripara ID\" sopra per correggere.",
+    "orphanWarning_one": "{{count}} regola senza ID interno — azioni disabilitate fino alla riparazione.",
+    "orphanWarning_other": "{{count}} regole senza ID interno — azioni disabilitate fino alla riparazione.",
+    "reject": "Rifiuta",
+    "rejectAction": "Rifiuta",
+    "rejectBulkBody_one": "Sei sicuro di voler rifiutare {{count}} regola selezionata? Le regole rifiutate torneranno nell'elenco delle bozze.",
+    "rejectBulkBody_other": "Sei sicuro di voler rifiutare {{count}} regole selezionate? Le regole rifiutate torneranno nell'elenco delle bozze.",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_one": "Rifiuta {{count}} regola",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_other": "Rifiuta {{count}} regole",
+    "repairIds": "Ripara ID",
+    "repairedToast_one": "Riparata {{count}} regola — ID assegnati",
+    "repairedToast_other": "Riparate {{count}} regole — ID assegnati",
+    "repairing": "Riparazione in corso...",
+    "revoke": "Revoca",
+    "revokeBulkBody_one": "Sei sicuro di voler revocare {{count}} regola selezionata? Tornerà allo stato di bozza.",
+    "revokeBulkBody_other": "Sei sicuro di voler revocare {{count}} regole selezionate? Torneranno allo stato di bozza.",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_one": "Revoca {{count}} regola",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_other": "Revoca {{count}} regole",
+    "revokeFirstToEdit": "Revoca prima questo invio per modificarlo",
+    "revokeTitle": "Revoca invio e torna a bozza",
+    "ruleSets": "Insiemi di regole",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regola",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regole",
+    "selectAllAria": "Seleziona tutto",
+    "selectRowAria": "Seleziona {{name}}",
+    "selectedCount": "{{count}} selezionate",
+    "source": "Origine",
+    "statusDraft": "Bozza",
+    "statusPendingApproval": "In Attesa di Approvazione",
+    "statusRejected": "Rifiutata",
+    "submit": "Invia",
+    "submitBulkBody": "{{eligible}} di {{selected}} regola/e selezionata/e saranno inviate per approvazione.",
+    "submitBulkSkipped": " {{count}} verranno ignorate (non idonee o duplicate).",
+    "submitBulkTitle_one": "Invia {{count}} regola per approvazione",
+    "submitBulkTitle_other": "Invia {{count}} regole per approvazione",
+    "submitTooltip": "Invia questa regola per la revisione e l'approvazione",
+    "submitting": "Invio in corso...",
+    "toastApproved": "Regola approvata — spostata in Regole Attive",
+    "toastFailedApprove": "Impossibile approvare la regola",
+    "toastFailedDelete": "Impossibile eliminare la regola",
+    "toastFailedReject": "Impossibile rifiutare la regola",
+    "toastFailedRevoke": "Impossibile revocare l'invio",
+    "toastFailedSubmit": "Impossibile inviare per approvazione",
+    "toastRejected": "Regola rifiutata",
+    "toastRevoked": "Invio revocato — tornato a bozza",
+    "toastRuleDeleted": "Regola eliminata",
+    "toastSubmitted": "Inviata per approvazione",
+    "unreject": "Annulla rifiuto",
+    "unrejectTitle": "Sposta regola rifiutata di nuovo a bozza"
+  },
+  "rulesSingleTable": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regole su tabella singola",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Modifica regole tabella",
+    "title": "Regole su tabella singola",
+    "editTitle": "Modifica regole",
+    "subtitle": "Definisci controlli a livello di colonna per una tabella individuale.",
+    "editSubtitle": "Modifica delle regole per {{table}}. Eseguire una simulazione o salvare le modifiche.",
+    "createSubtitle": "Definire le regole con l'IA o manualmente, assegnare le tabelle, quindi convalidare e salvare.",
+    "createRulesBreadcrumb": "Crea Regole",
+    "loadingRulesFor": "Caricamento delle regole per {{table}}...",
+    "editingRuleFor": "Modifica della regola per {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_one": "Caricata {{count}} regola esistente per {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_other": "Caricate {{count}} regole esistenti per {{table}}",
+    "defineRulesStep": "Definisci Regole",
+    "validateSaveStep": "Convalida e Salva",
+    "validateSaveDescription": "Eseguire una simulazione su una tabella specifica per convalidare, quindi salvare le regole.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Genera con IA",
+    "referenceTableLabel": "Tabella di riferimento (opzionale — fornisce contesto delle colonne all'IA)",
+    "aiPromptPlaceholder": "es. Tutte le colonne ID non devono essere nulle, l'email deve avere un formato valido, gli importi devono essere positivi",
+    "generating": "Generazione...",
+    "generate": "Genera",
+    "addCheck": "Aggiungi controllo",
+    "selectTableForDryRun": "Selezionare una tabella per la simulazione...",
+    "sampleRows": "Righe campione",
+    "sampleRowsTooltip": "La simulazione convalida solo le prime <strong>1–10.000 righe</strong> della tabella selezionata — è un'anteprima rapida, non una convalida completa. Per eseguire le regole su tutte le righe, andare su <strong>Esegui Regole</strong> e selezionare <strong>\"Tutte le righe\"</strong>.",
+    "maxRows": "max 10.000",
+    "running": "In esecuzione...",
+    "dryRun": "Simulazione",
+    "jobStatus": "Stato del job:",
+    "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selezionare una funzione per ogni controllo",
+    "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Assegnare almeno una tabella di destinazione a un controllo",
+    "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" è richiesto per {{fn}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} controllo esiste già per la tabella selezionata",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} controlli esistono già per le tabelle selezionate",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} controllo/i → {{rules}} regola/e su {{tables}} tabella/e",
+    "updateRule": "Aggiorna regola",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salva come bozze",
+    "updateAndSubmit": "Aggiorna e invia",
+    "submitForReview": "Invia per Revisione",
+    "dryRunInProgressTitle": "Simulazione in corso",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "Una simulazione è attualmente in esecuzione. Uscire la annullerà e i risultati verranno scartati.",
+    "unsavedChangesTitle": "Modifiche non salvate",
+    "unsavedChangesDescription": "Sono presenti modifiche alle regole non salvate. Uscire le scarterà.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Esci e annulla simulazione",
+    "discardLeave": "Scarta ed esci",
+    "stayOnPage": "Rimani sulla pagina",
+    "checkLabel": "Controllo {{index}}",
+    "colBadge": "col: {{columns}}",
+    "tablesBadge_one": "{{count}} tabella",
+    "tablesBadge_other": "{{count}} tabelle",
+    "duplicateBadge": "Duplicato",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Questo controllo esiste già per la/e tabella/e selezionata/e. Rimuoverlo o modificarlo.",
+    "function": "Funzione",
+    "criticality": "Criticità",
+    "criticalityWarn": "avviso",
+    "criticalityError": "errore",
+    "optional": "(opzionale)",
+    "required": "(richiesto)",
+    "targetTables": "Tabelle di destinazione",
+    "selectedSuffix": "({{count}} selezionate)",
+    "noneSelected": "(nessuna selezionata)",
+    "filteredByColumn": "— filtrate per colonna:",
+    "checkingColumnCompatibility": "Verifica della compatibilità delle colonne...",
+    "selectFunction": "Seleziona funzione",
+    "customSuffix": "{{name}} (personalizzata)",
+    "loadingFunctions": "Caricamento delle funzioni...",
+    "noMatches": "Nessun risultato",
+    "searchFunctions": "Cerca funzioni...",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTarget": "Tutti i controlli hanno già una tabella di destinazione.",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTargetDescription": "Utilizzare il pannello \"Tabelle di destinazione\" del controllo per aggiungere {{table}} esplicitamente.",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_one": "Assegnato {{count}} controllo a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_other": "Assegnati {{count}} controlli a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecksDescription": "I controlli con destinazioni esplicite non sono stati modificati.",
+    "toastAiNoChecks": "L'IA non ha generato controlli validi. Provare con una descrizione diversa.",
+    "toastAiGenerated_one": "{{count}} controllo generato dall'IA",
+    "toastAiGenerated_other": "{{count}} controlli generati dall'IA",
+    "toastAiFailed": "Generazione tramite IA fallita. Riprovare.",
+    "toastSelectTable": "Selezionare una tabella su cui eseguire la simulazione",
+    "toastNoChecksTargetTable": "Nessun controllo punta alla tabella selezionata",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitted": "Simulazione inviata — in attesa dei risultati...",
+    "toastDryRunComplete": "Simulazione completata",
+    "toastDryRunFetchFailed": "Recupero dei risultati della simulazione fallito",
+    "toastDryRunFailed": "Simulazione fallita: {{message}}",
+    "toastUnknownError": "Errore sconosciuto",
+    "toastFailedCheckStatus": "Verifica dello stato della simulazione fallita",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailedDetail": "Simulazione fallita: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailed": "Invio della simulazione fallito",
+    "toastFixValidationErrors": "Correggere gli errori di convalida prima di salvare.",
+    "toastUpdatedSubmissionFailed": "Regola aggiornata ma invio fallito: {{detail}}",
+    "toastUpdateFailed": "Aggiornamento fallito: {{detail}}",
+    "toastOriginalTargetRemoved": "{{table}}: la destinazione originale è stata rimossa nell'editor ma la regola è stata mantenuta. Eliminarla da Bozze se non la si desidera più.",
+    "toastSavedSubmissionFailed": "Regola salvata ma invio fallito: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDuplicatesExist": "Esistono già regole duplicate e non possono essere salvate:\n{{messages}}",
+    "toastRulesSavedAndSubmitted": "Regole {{parts}} e inviate",
+    "toastRulesSavedAsDrafts": "Regole {{parts}} come bozze",
+    "toastUpdatedCount": "{{count}} aggiornate",
+    "toastCreatedCount": "{{count}} create",
+    "toastFailedSaveRules": "Salvataggio delle regole fallito",
+    "argInvalidColumnName": "\"{{name}}\" non è un nome di colonna valido. Utilizzare solo lettere, numeri, trattini bassi e punti.",
+    "argSemicolonsListNotAllowed": "I punti e virgola non sono consentiti nei valori di tipo lista.",
+    "argProhibitedSqlKeyword": "\"{{item}}\" contiene una parola chiave SQL non consentita.",
+    "argMustBeNumeric": "Deve essere un valore numerico.",
+    "argSemicolonsExpressionNotAllowed": "I punti e virgola non sono consentiti nelle espressioni.",
+    "argExpressionProhibitedKeyword": "L'espressione contiene una parola chiave SQL non consentita (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, ecc.).",
+    "crossArgRangeNeedsBound": "Fornire almeno uno tra Limite Minimo e Limite Massimo.",
+    "argLabelColumnName": "Nome Colonna",
+    "argLabelAllowed": "Valori Consentiti",
+    "argLabelForbidden": "Valori Non Consentiti",
+    "argLabelLimit": "Limite",
+    "argLabelMinLimit": "Limite Minimo",
+    "argLabelMaxLimit": "Limite Massimo",
+    "argLabelRegex": "Pattern Regex",
+    "argLabelDateFormat": "Formato Data",
+    "argLabelTimestampFormat": "Formato Timestamp",
+    "argLabelExpression": "Espressione",
+    "argLabelMsg": "Messaggio di Errore",
+    "argLabelName": "Nome Controllo",
+    "argLabelCidrBlock": "Blocco CIDR",
+    "argLabelValue": "Valore",
+    "argLabelDays": "Giorni",
+    "argLabelOffset": "Offset (secondi)",
+    "argLabelMaxAgeMinutes": "Età Massima (minuti)",
+    "argLabelKeys": "Chiavi Richieste",
+    "argLabelSchema": "Schema Atteso",
+    "argLabelDimension": "Dimensione",
+    "argLabelTrimStrings": "Rimuovi Spazi",
+    "argLabelCaseSensitive": "Distinzione Maiuscole",
+    "argLabelNullsDistinct": "Nulli Distinti",
+    "argLabelNegate": "Negare",
+    "argLabelRequireAll": "Richiedi Tutte le Chiavi",
+    "argLabelAbsTolerance": "Tolleranza Assoluta",
+    "argLabelRelTolerance": "Tolleranza Relativa",
+    "argLabelMinValue": "Valore Minimo",
+    "argLabelMaxValue": "Valore Massimo",
+    "argHintColumnName": "es. id",
+    "argHintAllowed": "separati da virgola, es. A,B,C",
+    "argHintForbidden": "separati da virgola",
+    "argHintLimit": "valore numerico",
+    "argHintMinLimit": "valore minimo",
+    "argHintMaxLimit": "valore massimo",
+    "argHintRegex": "es. ^[A-Z]+$",
+    "argHintDateFormat": "es. yyyy-MM-dd",
+    "argHintTimestampFormat": "es. yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+    "argHintExpression": "espressione SQL, es. col > 0",
+    "argHintMsg": "Messaggio di errore",
+    "argHintCidrBlock": "es. 192.168.1.0/24",
+    "argHintValue": "valore di confronto",
+    "argHintDays": "numero di giorni",
+    "argHintOffset": "secondi",
+    "argHintMaxAgeMinutes": "età massima in minuti",
+    "argHintKeys": "chiavi separate da virgola",
+    "argHintDimension": "0, 1 o 2",
+    "argHintIsUniqueColumns": "separate da virgola, es. id oppure col1, col2",
+    "overrideColumnsLabel": "Nome/i Colonna",
+    "overrideHelpNullsDistinct": "Quando vero (predefinito), i valori NULL sono trattati come distinti tra loro.",
+    "overrideHelpTrimStrings": "Quando vero, i valori composti solo da spazi sono considerati vuoti.",
+    "overrideHelpCaseSensitive": "Quando falso, il confronto non distingue tra maiuscole e minuscole.",
+    "overrideHelpDateFormat": "Opzionale. Lasciare vuoto per utilizzare il parser ISO predefinito di DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpTimestampFormat": "Opzionale. Lasciare vuoto per utilizzare il parser ISO di timestamp predefinito di DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateExpression": "Quando vero, la regola fallisce se l'espressione viene valutata come vera.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateRegex": "Quando vero, la regola fallisce se il valore corrisponde al pattern.",
+    "overrideHintMsg": "Sostituzione opzionale del messaggio di errore",
+    "overrideHintName": "Nome personalizzato opzionale"
+  },
+  "runs": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Esegui Regole",
+    "title": "Esegui Regole",
+    "subtitle": "Esegui regole approvate su richiesta o secondo una pianificazione. I risultati appaiono nella cronologia delle validazioni.",
+    "tabExecute": "Esegui",
+    "tabSchedules": "Pianificazioni",
+    "scheduledRuns": "Esecuzioni Pianificate",
+    "newSchedule": "Nuova Pianificazione",
+    "backToSchedules": "Torna alle pianificazioni",
+    "executeRules": "Esegui Regole",
+    "executeRulesSubtitle": "Selezionare le regole approvate e avviare esecuzioni di validazione manuali.",
+    "tableSelection": "Selezione Tabelle",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_one": "{{count}} insieme di regole approvate disponibile",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_other": "{{count}} insiemi di regole approvate disponibili",
+    "selectedSuffix": "· {{count}} selezionati",
+    "running": "In esecuzione...",
+    "runSelected": "Esegui selezionati",
+    "runNSelected": "Esegui {{count}} selezionati",
+    "groupBy": "Raggruppa per:",
+    "groupByCatalog": "Catalogo",
+    "groupBySchema": "Schema",
+    "groupByFlat": "Elenco semplice",
+    "allCatalogs": "Tutti i cataloghi",
+    "allSchemas": "Tutti gli schemi",
+    "searchTablesPlaceholder": "Cerca tabelle...",
+    "selectAll": "Seleziona tutto",
+    "clear": "Cancella",
+    "noRulesMatchSearch": "Nessuna regola corrisponde alla ricerca.",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabella",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tabelle",
+    "crossTableRules": "Regole tra tabelle",
+    "unknown": "Sconosciuto",
+    "all": "Tutti",
+    "noApprovedRules": "Nessuna regola approvata",
+    "noApprovedRulesDescription": "Approva prima le regole in Bozze e Revisione, quindi torna qui per eseguirle.",
+    "goToDraftsReview": "Vai a Bozze e Revisione",
+    "startedRuns_one": "Avviata {{count}} esecuzione di validazione",
+    "startedRuns_other": "Avviate {{count}} esecuzioni di validazione",
+    "runsFailedToSubmit": "({{count}} non inviate)",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabella non è stata inviata",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_other": "Tutte le {{count}} tabelle non sono state inviate",
+    "viewInHistory": "Vedi nella Cronologia",
+    "batchRunFailed": "Esecuzione batch non riuscita: {{error}}",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Impossibile caricare le regole",
+    "activeRuns": "Esecuzioni Attive",
+    "activeRunsDescription": "Queste esecuzioni di validazione sono in corso. Lo stato si aggiorna automaticamente.",
+    "dismissAll": "Rimuovi tutti",
+    "headerTable": "Tabella",
+    "headerRunId": "ID Esecuzione",
+    "headerStatus": "Stato",
+    "headerElapsed": "Trascorso",
+    "headerRules": "Regole",
+    "runCompleted": "Esecuzione per {{table}} completata con successo",
+    "runFailedInternal": "Esecuzione per {{table}} fallita con errore interno",
+    "runFinished": "Esecuzione per {{table}} terminata ({{state}})",
+    "runCanceled": "Esecuzione per {{table}} annullata",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Impossibile annullare l'esecuzione",
+    "statusPollingError": "Errore di rilevamento",
+    "statusInternalError": "Errore Interno",
+    "statusRunning": "In esecuzione",
+    "statusPending": "In attesa",
+    "statusDone": "Completato",
+    "stopRun": "Arresta esecuzione",
+    "stop": "Arresta",
+    "dismiss": "Chiudi",
+    "approved": "Approvata",
+    "createSchedule": "Crea Pianificazione",
+    "createScheduleDescription": "Inserisci un nome univoco per la nuova configurazione di esecuzione pianificata.",
+    "name": "Nome",
+    "namePlaceholder": "es. daily_sales_check",
+    "scheduleNameExists": "Questo nome di pianificazione esiste già.",
+    "scheduleNameInvalid": "Il nome deve avere da 1 a 64 caratteri usando solo lettere, cifre, trattini bassi o trattini.",
+    "create": "Crea",
+    "failedLoadSchedules": "Impossibile caricare le pianificazioni",
+    "failedLoadSchedulesHint": "Verifica le impostazioni di configurazione",
+    "failedLoadEditor": "Impossibile caricare l'editor della pianificazione",
+    "failedLoadEditorHint": "Verifica le impostazioni di configurazione",
+    "scheduleCreated": "Pianificazione \"{{name}}\" creata",
+    "permissionsViewSchedules": "Permessi insufficienti per visualizzare le pianificazioni",
+    "permissionsCreateSchedules": "Permessi insufficienti: solo gli amministratori possono creare pianificazioni.",
+    "permissionsSaveSchedules": "Permessi insufficienti: solo gli amministratori possono salvare le pianificazioni.",
+    "permissionsDeleteSchedules": "Permessi insufficienti: solo gli amministratori possono eliminare le pianificazioni.",
+    "failedCreateSchedule": "Impossibile creare nuova pianificazione",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesTitle": "Permessi insufficienti",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesBody": "Sono necessari i permessi di amministratore per visualizzare e gestire le pianificazioni. Contatta l'amministratore del workspace per richiedere l'accesso.",
+    "tryRefreshing": "Prova ad aggiornare la pagina.",
+    "noSchedulesConfigured": "Nessuna pianificazione configurata",
+    "clickNewScheduleHint": "Clicca su \"Nuova Pianificazione\" per creare la tua prima pianificazione",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "headerFrequency": "Frequenza",
+    "headerScope": "Ambito",
+    "headerSampleSize": "Dimensione Campione",
+    "headerLastUpdated": "Ultimo Aggiornamento",
+    "headerUpdatedBy": "Aggiornato Da",
+    "manual": "Manuale",
+    "allRows": "Tutte le righe",
+    "errorParsingSchedule": "Errore di analisi della configurazione della pianificazione",
+    "scheduleSaved": "Configurazione della pianificazione salvata correttamente",
+    "yamlSyntaxOrValidation": "Verifica la sintassi YAML o gli errori di validazione.",
+    "failedSave": "Impossibile salvare: {{message}}",
+    "scheduleDeleted": "Pianificazione \"{{name}}\" eliminata",
+    "failedDeleteSchedule": "Impossibile eliminare la pianificazione",
+    "changesDiscarded": "Modifiche annullate",
+    "noScopeMatched": "Nessun insieme di regole corrisponde all'ambito della pianificazione. Verifica che esistano regole approvate per l'ambito selezionato.",
+    "submittedRuns_one": "{{count}} esecuzione di regole inviata",
+    "submittedRuns_other": "{{count}} esecuzioni di regole inviate",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabella non è stata inviata",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_other": "{{count}} tabelle non sono state inviate",
+    "runFailed": "Esecuzione non riuscita: {{error}}",
+    "noScheduledRuns": "Nessuna Esecuzione Pianificata",
+    "noScheduledRunsDescription": "Le esecuzioni pianificate definiscono come DQX Studio elabora automaticamente i tuoi controlli di qualità dei dati con cadenza ricorrente o programmata.",
+    "noScheduledRunsAdminSuffix": " Crea la tua prima pianificazione per iniziare.",
+    "createFirstSchedule": "Crea la Tua Prima Pianificazione",
+    "scheduleNotFound": "Pianificazione Non Trovata",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionPrefix": "La configurazione della pianificazione ",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionSuffix": " non esiste. Potrebbe essere stata eliminata o rinominata.",
+    "viewAllSchedules": "Visualizza Tutte le Pianificazioni",
+    "createNewSchedule": "Crea Nuova Pianificazione",
+    "selectAScheduleTitle": "Seleziona una Pianificazione",
+    "selectAScheduleDescription": "Scegli una pianificazione dall'elenco per visualizzarla e modificarne la configurazione",
+    "editScheduleConfiguration": "Modifica configurazione pianificazione",
+    "viewScheduleConfiguration": "Visualizza configurazione pianificazione",
+    "unsavedChangesIndicator": "• Modifiche non salvate",
+    "saveBeforeRun": "Salva le modifiche prima di eseguire",
+    "runNow": "Esegui Ora",
+    "runNowTooltip": "Esegui questa pianificazione ora",
+    "resetChanges": "Reimposta modifiche",
+    "saveChanges": "Salva modifiche",
+    "deleteSchedule": "Elimina Pianificazione",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmPrefix": "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare la pianificazione ",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmSuffix": "? Questa azione non può essere annullata.",
+    "cancel": "Annulla",
+    "delete": "Elimina",
+    "failedConvertYaml": "Impossibile convertire i dati del modulo in YAML",
+    "invalidScheduleConfig": "Configurazione di pianificazione non valida",
+    "deleteRecreateHint": "Elimina e ricrea questa pianificazione per risolvere il problema.",
+    "failedParseYaml": "Impossibile analizzare YAML",
+    "basicConfiguration": "Configurazione di Base",
+    "schedule": "Pianificazione",
+    "scheduleSectionDescription": "Configura quando questa pianificazione deve essere eseguita automaticamente. Scegli \"Solo manuale\" per disabilitare l'esecuzione automatica.",
+    "ruleScope": "Ambito delle Regole",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionPrefix": "Scegli quali insiemi di regole approvate includere. Seleziona per catalogo, schema o tabelle specifiche. Le regole vengono lette dalla tabella Delta ",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionSuffix": ".",
+    "noApprovedRulesFound": "Nessuna regola approvata trovata. Approva prima le regole in Bozze e Revisione.",
+    "frequency": "Frequenza",
+    "freqManual": "Solo manuale",
+    "freqHourly": "Ogni ora",
+    "freqDaily": "Giornaliera",
+    "freqWeekly": "Settimanale",
+    "freqMonthly": "Mensile",
+    "freqCron": "Cron personalizzato",
+    "cronExpression": "Espressione Cron",
+    "cronPlaceholder": "es. 0 6 * * MON-FRI",
+    "cronHint": "Cron standard a 5 campi (minuto ora giorno mese giorno-settimana)",
+    "minute": "Minuto",
+    "hour": "Ora",
+    "utcSuffix": "(UTC)",
+    "dayOfWeek": "Giorno della settimana",
+    "dayOfMonth": "Giorno del mese",
+    "daySunday": "Domenica",
+    "dayMonday": "Lunedì",
+    "dayTuesday": "Martedì",
+    "dayWednesday": "Mercoledì",
+    "dayThursday": "Giovedì",
+    "dayFriday": "Venerdì",
+    "daySaturday": "Sabato",
+    "dayShortSun": "Dom",
+    "dayShortMon": "Lun",
+    "dayShortTue": "Mar",
+    "dayShortWed": "Mer",
+    "dayShortThu": "Gio",
+    "dayShortFri": "Ven",
+    "dayShortSat": "Sab",
+    "scope": "Ambito",
+    "scopeAll": "Tutte le regole approvate",
+    "scopeByCatalog": "Per catalogo",
+    "scopeBySchema": "Per schema",
+    "scopeTables": "Tabelle specifiche",
+    "noCatalogsInRules": "Nessun catalogo trovato nelle regole approvate.",
+    "noSchemasInRules": "Nessuno schema trovato nelle regole approvate.",
+    "noApprovedRulesAvailable": "Nessuna regola approvata disponibile.",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} di {{total}} selezionati",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regola",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regole",
+    "matchedOfApproved_one": "{{matched}} di {{total}} insieme di regole approvate corrispondente",
+    "matchedOfApproved_other": "{{matched}} di {{total}} insiemi di regole approvate corrispondenti",
+    "rowScope": "Ambito di righe",
+    "sampleRows": "Righe di campione",
+    "sampleSizePerTable": "Dimensione del campione per tabella",
+    "cronManualOnly": "Solo manuale (nessuna pianificazione automatica)",
+    "cronHourly": "Ogni ora alle :{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronDaily": "Ogni giorno alle {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronWeekly": "Ogni {{day}} alle {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronMonthly": "Mensile il giorno {{day}} alle {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronCustom": "Cron: {{expression}}",
+    "cronCustomNotSet": "Cron personalizzato (non impostato)",
+    "scopeNoCatalogs": "Nessun catalogo",
+    "scopeNoSchemas": "Nessuno schema",
+    "scopeNoTables": "Nessuna tabella",
+    "scopeAllLabel": "Tutti",
+    "scopeMoreSummary": "{{a}}, {{b}} +{{count}} altre"
+  },
+  "runsHistory": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Cronologia Esecuzioni",
+    "title": "Cronologia Esecuzioni",
+    "subtitle": "Sfoglia esecuzioni di validazione passate, ispeziona metriche di qualità e rivedi la quarantena.",
+    "adjustFiltersHint": "Prova a regolare i filtri per trovare le esecuzioni.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Tutti i Cataloghi",
+    "allSchemas": "Tutti gli Schemi",
+    "allStatuses": "Tutti gli Stati",
+    "allTables": "Tutte le Tabelle",
+    "allTypes": "Tutti i Tipi",
+    "canceledBadge": "Annullata",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "da ",
+    "canceledByTitle": "Annullata da {{user}}",
+    "completedOnly": "I risultati dettagliati sono disponibili per le esecuzioni completate (SUCCESSO).",
+    "executeRulesHint": "Esegui le regole approvate dalla pagina Esegui Regole per vedere qui i risultati.",
+    "failedBadge": "Fallita",
+    "failedOption": "Fallita",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrate da {{total}})",
+    "hasInvalid": "Ha non validi",
+    "headerInvalid": "Non validi",
+    "headerRequestedBy": "Richiesta da",
+    "headerRules": "Regole",
+    "headerRunDate": "Data esecuzione",
+    "headerStatus": "Stato",
+    "headerTable": "Tabella",
+    "headerTotal": "Totale",
+    "headerType": "Tipo",
+    "headerValid": "Validi",
+    "loadFailed": "Impossibile caricare la cronologia esecuzioni: {{error}}",
+    "loadingResults": "Caricamento risultati...",
+    "manual": "Manuale",
+    "manualOption": "Manuale",
+    "moreSuffix": "+{{count}} altri",
+    "myRuns": "Le mie esecuzioni",
+    "noMatching": "Nessuna esecuzione corrispondente",
+    "noRuns": "Nessuna esecuzione ancora",
+    "pendingBadge": "In attesa",
+    "permissionsDescription": "Non hai il permesso di visualizzare la cronologia delle esecuzioni. Contatta l'amministratore.",
+    "permissionsTitle": "Permessi insufficienti",
+    "runFailed": "Esecuzione fallita",
+    "runningBadge": "In esecuzione",
+    "runningOption": "In esecuzione",
+    "runsCount_one": "{{count}} esecuzione",
+    "runsCount_other": "{{count}} esecuzioni",
+    "scheduled": "Programmata",
+    "scheduledOption": "Programmata",
+    "skeletonFailedHint": "La tabella delle esecuzioni di validazione potrebbe non esistere ancora. Esegui prima alcune regole.",
+    "skeletonFailedLoad": "Impossibile caricare la cronologia esecuzioni",
+    "successBadge": "Successo",
+    "successOption": "Successo",
+    "validationRuns": "Esecuzioni di validazione",
+    "wasCanceled": "Questa esecuzione è stata annullata."
+  },
+  "aiAssistant": {
+    "title": "Assistente Regole IA",
+    "description": "Genera regole di qualità dei dati usando l'IA"
+  },
+  "aiCheckGenerator": {
+    "title": "Generazione Regole Assistita da IA",
+    "subtitle": "Descrivi le tue esigenze di qualità dei dati",
+    "usingContextFrom": "Utilizzo contesto da: {{name}}",
+    "generatedChecks": "Controlli Generati",
+    "copy": "Copia",
+    "copied": "Copiato",
+    "noRulesYet": "Nessuna regola generata ancora",
+    "enterRequirementsContext": "Inserisci i requisiti per \"{{name}}\" per iniziare",
+    "enterRequirements": "Inserisci i tuoi requisiti qui sotto per iniziare",
+    "describeRulesContext": "Descrivi le regole per \"{{name}}\"...",
+    "examplePlaceholder": "Esempio: L'importo della vendita deve essere positivo",
+    "kbdHint": "per generare o",
+    "kbdHintSuffix": "per andare a capo",
+    "enterDescriptionFirst": "Inserisci una descrizione dei tuoi requisiti di qualità dei dati",
+    "checksGenerated": "Controlli generati con successo!",
+    "failedGenerate": "Impossibile generare controlli. Riprova.",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiato negli appunti"
+  },
+  "catalogBrowser": {
+    "catalog": "Catalogo",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "table": "Tabella",
+    "tables": "Tabelle",
+    "selectCatalog": "Seleziona catalogo",
+    "selectSchema": "Seleziona schema",
+    "selectTable": "Seleziona tabella",
+    "selectSchemaFirst": "Prima seleziona uno schema",
+    "tablesAvailable": "{{count}} tabelle disponibili",
+    "selectAll": "Seleziona Tutte",
+    "clear": "Cancella",
+    "tablesInSchema": "({{schema}} in questo schema)",
+    "tablesInSchemaWithTotal": "({{schema}} in questo schema, {{total}} totali)",
+    "missingColumns": "Colonne richieste mancanti"
+  },
+  "columnDiscovery": {
+    "title": "Discovery colonne",
+    "browseColumns": "(sfoglia colonne)",
+    "hint": "Ricerca rapida delle colonne in qualsiasi tabella UC. Clicca su una colonna per copiarne il nome; incolla nel campo colonna di qualsiasi controllo sotto.",
+    "loading": "Caricamento…",
+    "catalogPlaceholder": "Catalogo",
+    "schemaPlaceholder": "Schema",
+    "tablePlaceholder": "Tabella",
+    "filterPlaceholder": "Filtra colonne per nome o tipo…",
+    "clearFilter": "Cancella filtro",
+    "pickHint": "Scegli un catalogo, schema e tabella sopra per vederne le colonne.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Impossibile caricare colonne per {{table}}.",
+    "noMatch": "Nessuna colonna corrisponde a \"{{filter}}\".",
+    "noColumns": "Questa tabella non ha colonne.",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{visible}} di {{total}} colonna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{visible}} di {{total}} colonne",
+    "reset": "Ripristina",
+    "loadingMetadata": "Caricamento metadati catalogo…",
+    "copied": "\"{{name}}\" copiato",
+    "copyHint": "Incolla nel campo colonna.",
+    "couldNotCopy": "Impossibile copiare negli appunti",
+    "copyAria": "Copia {{name}}",
+    "copyTooltip": "Copia nome colonna",
+    "notNullSuffix": " · NOT NULL"
+  },
+  "commentThread": {
+    "showComments": "Mostra",
+    "hideComments": "Nascondi",
+    "commentsSuffix": "commenti",
+    "loading": "Caricamento commenti...",
+    "empty": "Nessun commento ancora.",
+    "placeholder": "Aggiungi un commento...",
+    "failedAdd": "Impossibile aggiungere il commento",
+    "failedDelete": "Impossibile eliminare il commento"
+  },
+  "dryRun": {
+    "totalRows": "Righe Totali",
+    "valid": "Valide",
+    "invalid": "Non Valide",
+    "passRate": "Tasso di successo",
+    "errorSummary": "Riepilogo Errori",
+    "distinctSuffix": "distinti",
+    "errorHeader": "Errore",
+    "countHeader": "Conteggio",
+    "showLess": "Mostra meno",
+    "showMore": "Mostra altri {{count}}...",
+    "invalidRows": "Righe Non Valide",
+    "quarantinedSuffix": "in quarantena",
+    "samplesSuffix": "campioni",
+    "exportRows": "Esporta {{count}} righe:",
+    "exportFirstOf": "Esporta le prime {{first}} di {{count}} righe:",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "excel": "Excel",
+    "maxExport": "Massimo {{count}} righe per esportazione",
+    "downloadSampleRows": "Scarica {{count}} righe di esempio:",
+    "loadingQuarantine": "Caricamento dati di quarantena...",
+    "noInvalidRows": "Nessuna riga non valida da visualizzare",
+    "errorsHeader": "Errori"
+  },
+  "labelsEditor": {
+    "title": "Etichette (opzionale)",
+    "addLabel": "Aggiungi etichetta",
+    "customLabel": "Etichetta personalizzata",
+    "customLabelTooltip": "Aggiungi un'etichetta la cui chiave non è nel catalogo dell'amministratore",
+    "removeLabel": "Rimuovi etichetta",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "chiave",
+    "valuePlaceholder": "valore (vuoto → true)",
+    "searchKeys": "Cerca chiavi etichetta…",
+    "noMatchingKeys": "Nessuna chiave corrispondente.",
+    "boolean": "booleano",
+    "valueCount_one": "{{count}} valore",
+    "valueCount_other": "{{count}} valori",
+    "plusCustom": " + personalizzato",
+    "inUse": "(in uso)",
+    "pickValue": "Scegli un valore…",
+    "searchValues": "Cerca valori…",
+    "noMatchingValues": "Nessun valore corrispondente.",
+    "orCustomValue": "Oppure inserisci valore personalizzato",
+    "customPlaceholder": "personalizzato…",
+    "set": "Imposta",
+    "currentNotInCatalog": "Il valore corrente {{value}} non è nel catalogo.",
+    "clickToToggle": "clicca per alternare"
+  },
+  "labelFilter": {
+    "allLabels": "Tutte le Etichette",
+    "labelsCount": "{{count}} etichette",
+    "searchLabels": "Cerca etichette…",
+    "noLabelsFound": "Nessuna etichetta trovata nella vista corrente.",
+    "noMatches": "Nessuna corrispondenza per \"{{query}}\".",
+    "selectedSuffix": "selezionate",
+    "clear": "Cancella"
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Gestione Ruoli",
+    "description": "Mappa i gruppi del workspace Databricks ai ruoli dell'applicazione. Gli utenti ereditano il ruolo a priorità più alta dalle loro appartenenze ai gruppi.",
+    "failedLoad": "Impossibile caricare le mappature dei ruoli",
+    "noMappings": "Nessuna mappatura di ruolo configurata.",
+    "addMappingHint": "Aggiungi una mappatura sotto per assegnare ruoli ai gruppi Databricks.",
+    "delayTitle": "Le modifiche dei ruoli richiedono fino a ~1 minuto per raggiungere una sessione attiva.",
+    "delayBody": "Il ruolo risolto di ogni utente è memorizzato lato client per 60 secondi. Dopo l'aggiunta o la rimozione di una mappatura, l'utente interessato mantiene il ruolo precedente fino alla rivalidazione della sessione (che avviene anche immediatamente in qualsiasi navigazione di pagina). Un ricaricamento forzato applica subito il nuovo ruolo.",
+    "delayBoldDuration": "~1 minuto",
+    "delayPrefix": "Le modifiche dei ruoli richiedono fino a ",
+    "delaySuffix": " per raggiungere una sessione attiva.",
+    "role": "Ruolo",
+    "selectRole": "Seleziona ruolo...",
+    "databricksGroup": "Gruppo Databricks",
+    "selectGroup": "Seleziona gruppo...",
+    "adding": "Aggiunta…",
+    "add": "Aggiungi",
+    "groupSearchPlaceholder": "Cerca gruppi...",
+    "loading": "Caricamento...",
+    "failedLoadGroups": "Impossibile caricare i gruppi",
+    "noGroupsMatch": "Nessun gruppo corrisponde alla ricerca",
+    "noGroupsFound": "Nessun gruppo trovato",
+    "showingFirst": "Mostrando le prime {{count}} corrispondenze — affina la ricerca per restringere i risultati.",
+    "roleAdmin": "Amministratore",
+    "roleApprover": "Approvatore",
+    "roleAuthor": "Autore",
+    "roleViewer": "Visualizzatore",
+    "roleRunner": "Esecutore",
+    "roleAdminDescription": "Accesso completo inclusa la gestione dei ruoli (gli amministratori sono esecutori impliciti)",
+    "roleApproverDescription": "Può approvare/rifiutare regole e tutti i permessi di autore",
+    "roleAuthorDescription": "Può creare, modificare e inviare regole",
+    "roleViewerDescription": "Accesso in sola lettura alle regole",
+    "roleRunnerDescription": "Può eseguire regole approvate dalla pagina Esegui Regole (additivo — indipendente da altri ruoli)",
+    "mappingAdded": "Mappatura aggiunta: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingAddedDescription": "Memorizzata in dq_role_mappings. Le sessioni attive ottengono il nuovo ruolo entro ~1 minuto (o alla prossima navigazione).",
+    "mappingRemoved": "Mappatura rimossa: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingRemovedDescription": "Gli utenti interessati possono mantenere il ruolo precedente fino a ~1 minuto fino all'aggiornamento della sessione.",
+    "failedCreate": "Impossibile creare la mappatura del ruolo",
+    "failedDelete": "Impossibile eliminare la mappatura del ruolo",
+    "fallbackError": "Impossibile creare la mappatura del ruolo. Controlla i log del backend per i dettagli."
+  },
+  "rulesReview": {
+    "rulesTab": "Regole",
+    "yamlTab": "YAML",
+    "copyYaml": "Copia YAML",
+    "noRules": "Nessuna regola definita.",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerFunction": "Funzione",
+    "headerColumns": "Colonna(e)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticità",
+    "headerLabels": "Etichette",
+    "headerParameters": "Parametri",
+    "criticalityError": "Errore",
+    "criticalityWarn": "Avviso",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "Il YAML deve essere una lista di definizioni di controllo",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiato negli appunti"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4caa6e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Carregando...",
+    "tryAgain": "Tentar Novamente",
+    "goHome": "Ir para o Início",
+    "active": "Ativo",
+    "inactive": "Inativo",
+    "primary": "Principal",
+    "user": "Usuário",
+    "cancel": "Cancelar",
+    "save": "Salvar",
+    "saving": "Salvando...",
+    "delete": "Excluir",
+    "edit": "Editar",
+    "add": "Adicionar",
+    "remove": "Remover",
+    "create": "Criar",
+    "submit": "Enviar",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "retry": "Tentar novamente",
+    "refresh": "Atualizar",
+    "close": "Fechar",
+    "yes": "sim",
+    "no": "não",
+    "search": "Pesquisar",
+    "clear": "Limpar",
+    "clearFilters": "Limpar filtros",
+    "all": "Todos",
+    "error": "Erro",
+    "warning": "Aviso",
+    "warn": "Aviso",
+    "errors": "Erros",
+    "name": "Nome",
+    "type": "Tipo",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "duration": "Duração",
+    "actions": "Ações",
+    "details": "Detalhes",
+    "back": "Voltar",
+    "next": "Próximo",
+    "previous": "Anterior",
+    "showing": "Exibindo",
+    "of": "de",
+    "rows": "linhas",
+    "rules": "regras",
+    "checks": "verificações",
+    "check": "verificação",
+    "criticality": "Criticidade",
+    "labels": "Rótulos",
+    "function": "Função",
+    "column": "Coluna",
+    "columns": "Colunas",
+    "table": "Tabela",
+    "tables": "tabelas",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "catalog": "Catálogo",
+    "selectCatalog": "Todos os Catálogos",
+    "selectSchema": "Todos os Schemas",
+    "selectTable": "Todas as Tabelas",
+    "view": "Visualizar",
+    "stop": "Parar",
+    "running": "executando",
+    "done": "concluído",
+    "failed": "falhou",
+    "success": "Sucesso",
+    "successLower": "sucesso",
+    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
+    "selectAll": "Selecionar Todos",
+    "selectNone": "Limpar Seleção",
+    "preview": "Pré-visualizar",
+    "validate": "Validar",
+    "comments": "comentários",
+    "noComments": "Nenhum comentário ainda.",
+    "loadingComments": "Carregando comentários...",
+    "addComment": "Adicionar um comentário...",
+    "showComments": "Mostrar comentários",
+    "hideComments": "Ocultar comentários",
+    "failedToAddComment": "Falha ao adicionar comentário",
+    "failedToDeleteComment": "Falha ao excluir comentário",
+    "unknownError": "Erro desconhecido",
+    "discard": "Descartar",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar e sair",
+    "stayOnPage": "Permanecer na página",
+    "unsavedChanges": "Alterações não salvas",
+    "page": "Página",
+    "rowsPerPage": "Linhas por página:",
+    "min": "mín",
+    "max": "máx",
+    "ago": "atrás"
+  },
+  "language": {
+    "label": "Idioma",
+    "description": "Escolha o idioma usado em toda a interface."
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "createRules": "Criar Regras",
+    "singleTableRules": "Regras de tabela única",
+    "crossTableRules": "Regras entre tabelas",
+    "profileAndGenerate": "Profiler",
+    "importRules": "Importar regras",
+    "draftsAndReview": "Rascunhos e Revisão",
+    "activeRules": "Regras Ativas",
+    "runRules": "Executar Regras",
+    "runsHistory": "Histórico de Execuções"
+  },
+  "userMenu": {
+    "profile": "Perfil",
+    "configuration": "Configuração"
+  },
+  "profile": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Perfil",
+    "personalInfoTitle": "Informações Pessoais",
+    "personalInfoDescription": "Dados básicos do usuário",
+    "firstName": "Nome",
+    "lastName": "Sobrenome",
+    "externalId": "ID Externo",
+    "contactInfoTitle": "Informações de Contato",
+    "contactInfoDescription": "Endereços de e-mail",
+    "noEmails": "Nenhum endereço de e-mail disponível",
+    "emailType": "Tipo: {{type}}",
+    "rolesTitle": "Funções",
+    "rolesDescription": "Funções e permissões do usuário ({{count}})",
+    "groupsTitle": "Grupos",
+    "groupsDescription": "Grupos do usuário ({{count}})",
+    "entitlementsTitle": "Direitos",
+    "entitlementsDescription": "Direitos do usuário ({{count}})",
+    "preferencesTitle": "Preferências",
+    "preferencesDescription": "Personalize a aparência e o idioma do aplicativo",
+    "loadFailedTitle": "Falha ao Carregar o Perfil",
+    "loadFailedDescription": "Ocorreu um erro ao carregar as informações do seu perfil. Verifique se o backend está em execução e se você está autenticado."
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "subtitle": "Monitore, valide e melhore a qualidade dos dados em todo o seu Lakehouse Databricks — com regras automatizadas, agendamento e fluxos de aprovação.",
+    "getStarted": "Começar",
+    "viewRules": "Ver Regras",
+    "highlights": {
+      "uc": "Integração com Unity Catalog",
+      "ai": "Geração de regras com IA",
+      "schedule": "Execução agendada de regras",
+      "rbac": "Aprovação baseada em funções"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "loadingMessage": "Inicializando o DQX Studio...",
+    "loadingDescription": "Configurando sua conexão com o workspace",
+    "errorTitle": "Erro de Autenticação",
+    "refreshPage": "Recarregar Página",
+    "timeoutMessage": "Tempo de autenticação esgotado. O fluxo de autenticação não foi concluído.",
+    "serverErrorMessage": "Erro do servidor ({{status}}): {{statusText}}",
+    "unknownError": "Erro de conexão desconhecido",
+    "errorSuffix": "\n\nAtualize a página ou contate o administrador se o problema persistir."
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "aiAssistant": "Assistente de Regras IA",
+    "toggleTheme": "Alternar tema"
+  },
+  "footer": {
+    "tagline": "DQX Studio — Explorador de Qualidade de Dados"
+  },
+  "sidebarUser": {
+    "configuration": "Configuração"
+  },
+  "breadcrumb": {
+    "home": "Início"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Configuração",
+    "title": "Configuração",
+    "subtitle": "Gerencie funções, permissões e preferências de exibição do seu workspace.",
+    "sectionLoadFailed": "Falha ao carregar a seção",
+    "timezoneTitle": "Fuso Horário de Exibição",
+    "searchTimezones": "Pesquisar fusos horários...",
+    "noTimezoneFound": "Nenhum fuso horário encontrado.",
+    "adminOnly": "Apenas administradores podem alterar esta configuração",
+    "timezoneUpdated": "Fuso horário atualizado para {{value}}",
+    "failedToSaveTimezone": "Falha ao salvar fuso horário",
+    "labelsTitle": "Rótulos de Regras",
+    "noLabelDefinitions": "Nenhuma definição de rótulo ainda.",
+    "addLabelDefinition": "Adicionar definição de rótulo",
+    "addWeightDefinition": "Adicionar definição de peso",
+    "addWeightTooltip": "Adicionar rapidamente um rótulo de peso com valores 1..5",
+    "saveChanges": "Salvar alterações",
+    "reset": "Redefinir",
+    "definitionsActive_one": "{{count}} definição ativa",
+    "definitionsActive_other": "{{count}} definições ativas",
+    "labelKeyMissing": "Toda definição precisa de uma chave.",
+    "labelKeyInvalid": "A chave \"{{key}}\" deve começar com uma letra e conter apenas letras, dígitos e sublinhados.",
+    "labelKeyDuplicate": "Chave duplicada \"{{key}}\".",
+    "clearedLabels": "Rótulos de regra limpos.",
+    "savedLabels_one": "{{count}} rótulo de regra salvo.",
+    "savedLabels_other": "{{count}} rótulos de regra salvos.",
+    "failedSaveLabels": "Falha ao salvar definições de rótulo",
+    "key": "Chave",
+    "reserved": "reservado",
+    "keyHint": "Letras, dígitos, sublinhado. Deve começar com uma letra.",
+    "weightHint": "Controla o seletor de peso nas páginas de criação de regras.",
+    "descriptionLabel": "Descrição",
+    "optional": "(opcional)",
+    "weightDescriptionPlaceholder": "Peso da regra (1 = informativo, 5 = crítico)",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "O que este rótulo captura (ex: Equipe responsável)",
+    "removeDefinition": "Remover definição",
+    "allowedValues": "Valores permitidos",
+    "allowedValuesHint": "(deixe vazio para uma tag booleana)",
+    "allowCustomValues": "Permitir valores personalizados",
+    "noValuesHint": "Sem valores — autores alternarão este rótulo como uma tag booleana (true/false).",
+    "removeValueAria": "Remover valor {{value}}",
+    "weightValuePlaceholder": "adicionar valor de peso (ex: 1)",
+    "addValuePlaceholder": "adicionar valor… (pressione Enter)",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "ex: equipe"
+  },
+  "discovery": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Descoberta",
+    "title": "Descoberta",
+    "subtitle": "Navegue pelos ativos do Unity Catalog para encontrar tabelas para suas verificações de qualidade.",
+    "browseCatalog": "Navegar no Catálogo",
+    "browseCatalogDescription": "Selecione um catálogo, schema e tabela para ver suas colunas.",
+    "selectTableTitle": "Selecione uma Tabela",
+    "selectTableHint": "Escolha um catálogo, schema e tabela acima para ver suas definições de coluna.",
+    "qualityRules": "Regras de Qualidade",
+    "checkingRules": "Verificando regras existentes...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Falha ao carregar regras desta tabela.",
+    "rulesDefined_one": "{{count}} regra definida para esta tabela",
+    "rulesDefined_other": "{{count}} regras definidas para esta tabela",
+    "noRulesYet": "Nenhuma regra de qualidade definida para esta tabela ainda.",
+    "couldNotLoadRules": "Não foi possível carregar regras: {{error}}",
+    "rulesCount": "{{count}} regras",
+    "updated": "Atualizado em {{date}}",
+    "editRules": "Editar Regras",
+    "getStartedAi": "Comece gerando regras com IA.",
+    "createRules": "Criar Regras",
+    "loadingColumns": "Carregando colunas...",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{count}} coluna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{count}} colunas",
+    "failedLoadColumns": "Falha ao carregar colunas: {{error}}",
+    "noColumns": "Nenhuma coluna encontrada para esta tabela.",
+    "columnHash": "#",
+    "columnName": "Nome",
+    "columnType": "Tipo",
+    "columnNullable": "Nulo",
+    "columnComment": "Comentário",
+    "draft": "Rascunho",
+    "pending": "Pendente",
+    "approved": "Aprovado",
+    "rejected": "Rejeitado"
+  },
+  "profiler": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Profiler",
+    "title": "Profiler",
+    "subtitle": "Execute um profiler nas tabelas para gerar sugestões de regras de qualidade com base na distribuição dos dados.",
+    "newRunTitle": "Nova Execução de Profiler",
+    "newRunDescription": "Selecione uma ou mais tabelas (ou um schema inteiro), configure a amostragem e execute o profiler.",
+    "tablesSelected_one": "{{count}} tabela selecionada",
+    "tablesSelected_other": "{{count}} tabelas selecionadas",
+    "sampleLimit": "Limite de Amostra (linhas)",
+    "maxSampleLimit": "Máximo de 100.000 linhas por tabela",
+    "stopRun": "Parar Execução",
+    "stopAll": "Parar Tudo ({{done}}/{{total}})",
+    "runProfile": "Executar Profiler",
+    "runTables": "Executar {{count}} Tabelas",
+    "advancedOptions": "Opções Avançadas",
+    "rowFilter": "Filtro de Linhas (cláusula SQL WHERE)",
+    "rowFilterPlaceholder": "ex: status = 'active' AND year >= 2024",
+    "rowFilterHint": "Condição SQL opcional aplicada antes do profiler.",
+    "rowFilterAllTables": " Aplicado a todas as tabelas selecionadas.",
+    "columnsToProfile": "Colunas para Profiler",
+    "columnsSelected": "({{count}} selecionadas)",
+    "clearSelectionProfileAll": "Limpar seleção (todas)",
+    "toggleColumnsHint": "Clique para alternar. Sem seleção = todas as colunas.",
+    "removeOutliers": "Remover Outliers",
+    "removeOutliersHint": "Excluir outliers estatísticos ao calcular verificações de intervalo mín/máx.",
+    "outlierThreshold": "Limite de Outlier (σ)",
+    "outlierThresholdHint": "Desvios padrão da média para considerar um outlier (padrão: 3).",
+    "llmPkDetection": "Detecção de Chave Primária por LLM",
+    "llmPkHint": "Use IA para detectar colunas de chave primária e gerar verificações de unicidade.",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "elapsed": "{{seconds}}s decorridos",
+    "estimated": " · ~{{duration}} estimado",
+    "stop": "Parar",
+    "profilingInProgress": "Profile em andamento — {{done}} de {{total}} concluídos",
+    "batchComplete": "Lote concluído — {{succeeded}} bem-sucedidos",
+    "batchCompleteWithFailed": "Lote concluído — {{succeeded}} bem-sucedidos, {{failed}} falharam",
+    "stopAllShort": "Parar Tudo",
+    "rowsLabel": "{{count}} linhas",
+    "rulesGeneratedShort": "{{count}} regras",
+    "resultsByTable": "Resultados por Tabela",
+    "runHistory": "Histórico de Execuções",
+    "runs_one": "{{count}} execução",
+    "runs_other": "{{count}} execuções",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrado de {{total}})",
+    "myRuns": "Minhas execuções",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos os Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos os Schemas",
+    "allTables": "Todas as Tabelas",
+    "noRuns": "Nenhuma execução de profile ainda. Execute o profiler acima para começar.",
+    "tableHeader": "Tabela",
+    "rowsHeader": "Linhas",
+    "durationHeader": "Duração",
+    "startedHeader": "Iniciado",
+    "byHeader": "Por",
+    "viewBtn": "Ver",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "por ",
+    "profileRunResults": "Resultados da Execução do Profiler",
+    "failedToLoadResults": "Falha ao carregar resultados.",
+    "rulesGenCountAndCount": "{{rows}} linhas · {{count}} regras geradas",
+    "selectTableFirst": "Selecione uma tabela primeiro",
+    "selectAtLeastOneTable": "Selecione pelo menos uma tabela",
+    "profilingComplete": "Profiler concluído",
+    "failedFetchResults": "Falha ao buscar resultados do profiler",
+    "profilingFailed": "Falha no Profiler: {{message}}",
+    "failedCheckStatus": "Falha ao verificar status do profiler",
+    "submittedWaiting": "Tarefa de profile enviada — aguardando resultados...",
+    "permissionHint": "Peça ao administrador do workspace para conceder as permissões necessárias do Unity Catalog e tente novamente.",
+    "permissionHintBatch": "Peça ao administrador do workspace para conceder as permissões necessárias do Unity Catalog nas tabelas selecionadas e tente novamente.",
+    "permissionHintTable": "Peça ao administrador do workspace para conceder as permissões necessárias do Unity Catalog nesta tabela.",
+    "jobsSubmitted": "{{count}} tarefas de profile enviadas",
+    "moreFailed": "… e mais {{count}} tabela(s) falharam ao enviar",
+    "runCanceled": "Execução de profile cancelada",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Falha ao cancelar execução",
+    "canceledFor": "Profile da {{table}} cancelado",
+    "canceledByUser": "Cancelado pelo usuário",
+    "rowsProfiled": "Linhas Analisadas",
+    "columnsLabel": "Colunas",
+    "durationLabel": "Duração",
+    "generatedRules": "Regras Geradas ({{count}})",
+    "viewInDrafts": "Ver em Rascunhos e Revisão",
+    "savedToDrafts": "Salvo em Rascunhos",
+    "addSelected": "Adicionar {{count}} Selecionadas",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} de {{newCount}} novas selecionadas",
+    "alreadyInCatalog": "({{count}} já no catálogo)",
+    "addedBadge": "Adicionada",
+    "noRulesGenerated": "Nenhuma regra foi gerada a partir dos dados de profile.",
+    "savedAsDrafts": "{{count}} regras salvas como rascunhos para {{table}}",
+    "failedAddRules": "Falha ao adicionar regras",
+    "failedSubmit": "Falha ao enviar tarefa de profile",
+    "headerFunction": "Função",
+    "headerColumn": "Coluna",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidade",
+    "running": "Executando",
+    "successBadge": "Sucesso",
+    "failedBadge": "Falhou",
+    "runningBadge": "Executando",
+    "unknownBadge": "Desconhecido"
+  },
+  "rulesActive": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regras Ativas",
+    "title": "Regras ativas",
+    "subtitle": "Regras aprovadas atualmente aplicadas às suas tabelas.",
+    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
+    "createRules": "Criar regras",
+    "approvedRuleSets": "Conjuntos de regras aprovadas",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabela{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} verificações totais",
+    "byTable": "Por tabela",
+    "byRule": "Por regra",
+    "crossTableTab": "Entre tabelas",
+    "allSources": "Todas as Origens",
+    "imported": "Importada",
+    "ai": "IA",
+    "ui": "UI",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Falha ao carregar regras: {{error}}",
+    "deleteTitle": "Excluir regra",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir esta regra de ",
+    "deleteCannotUndo": "? Esta ação não pode ser desfeita.",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regra",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regras",
+    "headerFunction": "Função",
+    "headerColumns": "Coluna(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidade",
+    "headerLabels": "Rótulos",
+    "headerSource": "Origem",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Criada por",
+    "viewEditRules": "Visualizar / editar regras",
+    "noColumnRules": "Nenhuma regra de coluna / dataset encontrada. Mude para \"Entre tabelas\" para ver regras baseadas em consultas.",
+    "headerTable": "Tabela",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "errorsCount_one": "{{count}} erro",
+    "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} erros",
+    "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} aviso",
+    "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} avisos",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} verificação{{checksPlural}} em {{tables}} tabela{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "noCrossTable": "Nenhuma regra entre tabelas",
+    "noCrossTableHint": "Regras SQL entre tabelas aparecerão aqui depois de criadas e aprovadas.",
+    "headerMode": "Modo",
+    "rowLevel": "Por linha",
+    "datasetLevel": "Por dataset",
+    "noActiveRules": "Nenhuma regra ativa",
+    "noActiveRulesAuthor": "Crie e aprove regras para vê-las aqui. Regras ativas são aplicadas durante execuções de qualidade.",
+    "noActiveRulesViewer": "Nenhuma regra foi aprovada ainda. Verifique Rascunhos e Revisão para conjuntos pendentes.",
+    "ruleDeleted": "Regra excluída",
+    "failedDelete": "Falha ao excluir regra",
+    "exportedRulesCount": "Exportadas {{count}} regra(s) como YAML"
+  },
+  "rulesCreate": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Criar Regras",
+    "title": "Criar Regras",
+    "subtitle": "Escolha como deseja criar regras de qualidade de dados.",
+    "singleTableTitle": "Regras de tabela única",
+    "singleTableDescription": "Defina verificações de coluna para tabelas individuais, com assistência opcional de IA.",
+    "crossTableTitle": "Regras entre tabelas",
+    "crossTableDescription": "Escreva consultas SQL que validam dados em múltiplas tabelas ou execute verificações de agregação por dataset.",
+    "profileTitle": "Profiler",
+    "profileDescription": "Analise seus dados para gerar automaticamente regras de qualidade baseadas em estatísticas de coluna.",
+    "importTitle": "Importar regras",
+    "importDescription": "Importe regras a partir de um arquivo YAML."
+  },
+  "rulesImport": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Importar regras",
+    "title": "Importar regras",
+    "subtitle": "Importe regras de qualidade de dados a partir de um arquivo YAML.",
+    "importFromYaml": "Importar do YAML",
+    "importDescription": "Envie um arquivo YAML ou cole o conteúdo. Cada entrada deve seguir o formato de verificação do DQX.",
+    "uploadYamlFile": "Enviar arquivo YAML",
+    "chooseFile": "Escolher arquivo",
+    "orPasteBelow": "ou cole abaixo",
+    "yamlContent": "Conteúdo YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_one": "Carregada {{count}} verificação do YAML",
+    "loadedChecks_other": "Carregadas {{count}} verificações do YAML",
+    "preview": "Pré-visualização",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "headerFunction": "Função",
+    "headerArguments": "Argumentos",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidade",
+    "headerLabels": "Rótulos",
+    "validationErrors": "Erros de validação",
+    "targetTable": "Tabela de destino",
+    "validate": "Validar",
+    "dryRun": "Execução de teste",
+    "cancelDryRun": "Cancelar execução de teste",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salvar como rascunhos",
+    "submitForReview": "Enviar para revisão",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "O YAML deve ser uma lista de definições de verificação, por exemplo:\n- criticality: error\n  check:\n    function: is_not_null\n    arguments:\n      column: id",
+    "validationFoundErrors": "Validação encontrou {{count}} erro(s)",
+    "allValid": "Todas as verificações são válidas",
+    "failedValidate": "Falha ao validar verificações",
+    "selectTargetTable": "Selecione uma tabela de destino para a execução de teste",
+    "noBoundChecks": "Nenhuma verificação vinculada à tabela para executar (verificações SQL entre tabelas são ignoradas)",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Execução de teste enviada — aguardando resultados...",
+    "failedSubmitDryRun": "Falha ao enviar execução de teste",
+    "dryRunFailedDetail": "Falha na execução de teste: {{detail}}",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Execução de teste cancelada",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Falha ao cancelar execução de teste",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Execução de teste concluída",
+    "failedFetchDryRun": "Falha ao buscar resultados da execução de teste",
+    "failedCheckDryRunStatus": "Falha ao verificar status da execução de teste",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Falha na execução de teste: {{message}}",
+    "savedDrafts_one": "Salva {{count}} verificação como rascunho",
+    "savedDrafts_other": "Salvas {{count}} verificações como rascunhos",
+    "failedSaveRules": "Falha ao salvar regras",
+    "submittedReview_one": "{{count}} regra enviada para revisão",
+    "submittedReview_other": "{{count}} regras enviadas para revisão",
+    "submitFailed_one": "{{count}} regra falhou ao enviar — salva como rascunho",
+    "submitFailed_other": "{{count}} regras falharam ao enviar — salvas como rascunhos",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Execução de teste em andamento em ",
+    "samplingRows_one": "amostrando {{count}} linha",
+    "samplingRows_other": "amostrando {{count}} linhas",
+    "crossTableSkipped_one": " · {{count}} verificação entre tabelas ignorada",
+    "crossTableSkipped_other": " · {{count}} verificações entre tabelas ignoradas",
+    "rowsOption": "{{count}} linhas",
+    "thousandRows": "1.000 linhas",
+    "fiveThousandRows": "5.000 linhas",
+    "tenThousandRows": "10.000 linhas",
+    "dryRunTooltip": "A execução de teste valida apenas as primeiras 1–10.000 linhas da tabela de destino — é uma pré-visualização rápida, não uma validação completa. Para executar regras importadas em todas as linhas após a aprovação, vá em Executar Regras e selecione \"Todas as linhas\"."
+  },
+  "rulesCreateSql": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regras entre tabelas",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Editar regra entre tabelas",
+    "title": "Regras entre tabelas",
+    "editTitle": "Editar regra entre tabelas",
+    "subtitle": "Escreva consultas SQL que validam dados em várias tabelas ou execute verificações de agregação por dataset.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Gerar com IA",
+    "generateWithAiHint": "Descreva a validação entre tabelas que você precisa. Use nomes totalmente qualificados (catalog.schema.table) para que a IA produza SQL preciso.",
+    "generateWithAiPlaceholder": "ex: Verificar que todo pedido em catalog.schema.orders tem pelo menos um item em catalog.schema.line_items, e que o total de pedidos corresponde à soma dos valores dos itens",
+    "generating": "Gerando...",
+    "generate": "Gerar",
+    "sqlCheckTitle": "Verificação SQL",
+    "duplicate": "Duplicada",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Uma verificação SQL com este nome já existe. Remova ou renomeie.",
+    "running": "Executando...",
+    "dryRun": "Execução de Teste",
+    "queryDescription": "A consulta deve retornar linhas que violam a verificação (ou seja, linhas inválidas).",
+    "namePlaceholder": "ex: orders_total_matches_line_items",
+    "nameLengthError": "O nome deve ter no máximo 128 caracteres.",
+    "nameInvalidError": "O nome deve começar com uma letra e conter apenas letras, números e sublinhados.",
+    "nameHint": "Apenas letras, números e sublinhados. Deve começar com uma letra.",
+    "querySemicolonError": "Ponto e vírgula não é permitido. Insira apenas uma única consulta SELECT.",
+    "queryProhibitedError": "A consulta contém palavras-chave proibidas (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.). Apenas consultas SELECT são permitidas.",
+    "sqlQueryLabel": "Consulta SQL",
+    "sqlQueryPlaceholder": "SELECT o.order_id, o.total, SUM(li.amount) AS line_total\nFROM catalog.schema.orders o\nJOIN catalog.schema.line_items li ON li.order_id = o.order_id\nGROUP BY o.order_id, o.total\nHAVING o.total != line_total",
+    "sqlQueryHint": "Use nomes totalmente qualificados (catalog.schema.table). Linhas retornadas são consideradas violações.",
+    "dryRunFailed": "Falha na execução de teste",
+    "copyError": "Copiar erro",
+    "errorCopiedToClipboard": "Erro copiado para a área de transferência",
+    "addAnotherSqlCheck": "Adicionar outra verificação SQL",
+    "everyCheckNeedsNameQuery": "Toda verificação precisa de um nome e uma consulta SQL",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_one": "{{count}} verificação já existe e não pode ser salva",
+    "checksAlreadyExist_other": "{{count}} verificações já existem e não podem ser salvas",
+    "checksReady_one": "{{count}} verificação SQL pronta para salvar",
+    "checksReady_other": "{{count}} verificações SQL prontas para salvar",
+    "saveChanges": "Salvar alterações",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salvar como rascunhos",
+    "dryRunInProgress": "Execução de teste em andamento",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "Uma execução de teste está em andamento. Sair cancelará e descartará os resultados.",
+    "unsavedSqlChecks": "Você tem verificações SQL não salvas. Sair descartará suas alterações.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Sair e cancelar execução",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar e sair",
+    "assignToTable": "Atribuir a uma tabela",
+    "assignToTableOn": "Esta regra será agrupada com as regras da tabela selecionada, ficando disponível para o pipeline dessa tabela.",
+    "assignToTableOff": "Salva como verificação entre tabelas independente por padrão.",
+    "fixValidationErrors": "Corrija os erros de validação antes de salvar.",
+    "savedSqlChecks_one": "{{count}} verificação SQL salva",
+    "savedSqlChecks_other": "{{count}} verificações SQL salvas",
+    "failedSave": "Falha ao salvar \"{{name}}\": {{detail}}",
+    "enterSqlBeforeDryRun": "Insira uma consulta SQL antes de executar uma execução de teste",
+    "dryRunComplete": "Execução de teste concluída",
+    "dryRunCanceled": "Execução de teste cancelada",
+    "failedCancelDryRun": "Falha ao cancelar execução de teste",
+    "dryRunSubmitted": "Execução de teste enviada — aguardando resultados...",
+    "noSqlGenerated": "A IA não gerou nenhuma verificação SQL. Tente ser mais específico sobre as tabelas e condições.",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_one": "{{count}} verificação SQL gerada por IA",
+    "sqlCheckGenerated_other": "{{count}} verificações SQL geradas por IA",
+    "aiGenerationFailed": "Falha na geração por IA: {{detail}}",
+    "fetchResultsFailed": "Execução de teste bem-sucedida, mas falhou ao buscar resultados. Tente atualizar.",
+    "unknownDryRunError": "Execução de teste falhou com erro desconhecido.",
+    "criticalityWarn": "aviso",
+    "criticalityError": "erro"
+  },
+  "rulesDrafts": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Rascunhos e Revisão",
+    "title": "Rascunhos e Revisão",
+    "subtitle": "Revise conjuntos de regras pendentes, aprove-os ou envie de volta para alterações.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos os Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos os Esquemas",
+    "allStatuses": "Todos os Status",
+    "anotherUser": "outro usuário",
+    "approve": "Aprovar",
+    "approveAction": "Aprovar",
+    "approveBulkBody_one": "Tem certeza de que deseja aprovar {{count}} regra selecionada? Regras aprovadas se tornarão ativas imediatamente.",
+    "approveBulkBody_other": "Tem certeza de que deseja aprovar {{count}} regras selecionadas? Regras aprovadas se tornarão ativas imediatamente.",
+    "approveBulkTitle_one": "Aprovar {{count}} regra",
+    "approveBulkTitle_other": "Aprovar {{count}} regras",
+    "arguments": "Argumentos",
+    "authoredBy": "Criada por {{user}} — apenas o autor ou um aprovador pode editar, enviar ou excluir.",
+    "bulkAllIneligible": "Todas as {{count}} regra(s) selecionada(s) são inelegíveis (duplicadas ou não criadas por você)",
+    "bulkApproveAction": "aprovar algumas regras",
+    "bulkApproved": "Aprovada(s)",
+    "bulkCannotAct": "Não é possível {{action}}: você só pode agir em regras criadas por você.",
+    "bulkDeleteAction": "excluir algumas regras",
+    "bulkDeleted": "Excluída(s)",
+    "bulkFailed": "{{count}} falharam",
+    "bulkFailedDetail": "{{count}} falharam ({{detail}})",
+    "bulkPartial": "{{ok}} concluídas, {{fail}} falharam{{reason}}{{skipped}}",
+    "bulkRejectAction": "rejeitar algumas regras",
+    "bulkRejected": "Rejeitada(s)",
+    "bulkRevokeAction": "revogar algumas regras",
+    "bulkRevoked": "Revogada(s)",
+    "bulkSkippedDuplicate": "{{count}} ignorada(s) (duplicada)",
+    "bulkSkippedNotOwned": "{{count}} ignorada(s) (não criada por você)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_one": " — {{count}} regra ignorada (não criada por você)",
+    "bulkSkippedSuffix_other": " — {{count}} regras ignoradas (não criadas por você)",
+    "bulkSubmitted": "{{count}} enviada(s)",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_one": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} regra){{skipped}}",
+    "bulkSucceededWithSkipped_other": "{{msg}} ({{ok}} regras){{skipped}}",
+    "cannotSubmitDuplicate": "Não é possível enviar: a mesma verificação existe como {{label}}",
+    "clearSelection": "Limpar seleção",
+    "createRules": "Criar regras",
+    "criticality": "Criticidade",
+    "delete": "Excluir",
+    "deleteBulkBody_one": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir {{count}} regra selecionada? Esta ação não pode ser desfeita.",
+    "deleteBulkBody_other": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir {{count}} regras selecionadas? Esta ação não pode ser desfeita.",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_one": "Excluir {{count}} regra",
+    "deleteBulkTitle_other": "Excluir {{count}} regras",
+    "deleteConfirmPrefix": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir esta regra de ",
+    "deleteConfirmSuffix": "? Esta ação não pode ser desfeita.",
+    "deleteTitle": "Excluir regra",
+    "duplicateAnotherRule": "outra regra",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Duplicada: a mesma verificação existe como {{label}}",
+    "editRule": "Editar regra",
+    "editRuleTooltip": "Editar esta regra",
+    "ellipsis": "...",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Falha ao carregar regras: {{error}}",
+    "failedRepairIds": "Falha ao reparar IDs das regras",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrado de {{total}})",
+    "function": "Função",
+    "headerActions": "Ações",
+    "headerCheck": "Verificação",
+    "headerCreatedBy": "Criada por",
+    "headerLabels": "Rótulos",
+    "headerModified": "Modificada",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerTable": "Tabela",
+    "mySubmissions": "Meus envios",
+    "noDraftsAuthor": "Regras recém-criadas aparecem aqui para revisão antes de se tornarem ativas.",
+    "noDraftsTitle": "Sem rascunhos ou regras pendentes",
+    "noDraftsViewer": "Nenhuma regra aguardando revisão.",
+    "noIdBadge": "Sem ID",
+    "noIdTooltip": "Esta regra não tem ID interno. Clique em \"Reparar IDs\" acima para corrigir.",
+    "orphanWarning_one": "{{count}} regra sem ID interno — ações desativadas até ser reparada.",
+    "orphanWarning_other": "{{count}} regras sem ID interno — ações desativadas até serem reparadas.",
+    "reject": "Rejeitar",
+    "rejectAction": "Rejeitar",
+    "rejectBulkBody_one": "Tem certeza de que deseja rejeitar {{count}} regra selecionada? Regras rejeitadas voltarão para a lista de rascunhos.",
+    "rejectBulkBody_other": "Tem certeza de que deseja rejeitar {{count}} regras selecionadas? Regras rejeitadas voltarão para a lista de rascunhos.",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_one": "Rejeitar {{count}} regra",
+    "rejectBulkTitle_other": "Rejeitar {{count}} regras",
+    "repairIds": "Reparar IDs",
+    "repairedToast_one": "Reparada {{count}} regra — IDs atribuídos",
+    "repairedToast_other": "Reparadas {{count}} regras — IDs atribuídos",
+    "repairing": "Reparando...",
+    "revoke": "Revogar",
+    "revokeBulkBody_one": "Tem certeza de que deseja revogar {{count}} regra selecionada? Ela voltará ao status de rascunho.",
+    "revokeBulkBody_other": "Tem certeza de que deseja revogar {{count}} regras selecionadas? Elas voltarão ao status de rascunho.",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_one": "Revogar {{count}} regra",
+    "revokeBulkTitle_other": "Revogar {{count}} regras",
+    "revokeFirstToEdit": "Revogue este envio primeiro para editar",
+    "revokeTitle": "Revogar envio e voltar para rascunho",
+    "ruleSets": "Conjuntos de regras",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regra",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regras",
+    "selectAllAria": "Selecionar todas",
+    "selectRowAria": "Selecionar {{name}}",
+    "selectedCount": "{{count}} selecionada(s)",
+    "source": "Origem",
+    "statusDraft": "Rascunho",
+    "statusPendingApproval": "Aprovação Pendente",
+    "statusRejected": "Rejeitada",
+    "submit": "Enviar",
+    "submitBulkBody": "{{eligible}} de {{selected}} regra(s) selecionada(s) serão enviadas para aprovação.",
+    "submitBulkSkipped": " {{count}} serão ignoradas (não elegíveis ou duplicadas).",
+    "submitBulkTitle_one": "Enviar {{count}} regra para aprovação",
+    "submitBulkTitle_other": "Enviar {{count}} regras para aprovação",
+    "submitTooltip": "Enviar esta regra para revisão e aprovação",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "toastApproved": "Regra aprovada — movida para Regras Ativas",
+    "toastFailedApprove": "Falha ao aprovar regra",
+    "toastFailedDelete": "Falha ao excluir regra",
+    "toastFailedReject": "Falha ao rejeitar regra",
+    "toastFailedRevoke": "Falha ao revogar envio",
+    "toastFailedSubmit": "Falha ao enviar para aprovação",
+    "toastRejected": "Regra rejeitada",
+    "toastRevoked": "Envio revogado — voltou para rascunho",
+    "toastRuleDeleted": "Regra excluída",
+    "toastSubmitted": "Enviada para aprovação",
+    "unreject": "Desfazer rejeição",
+    "unrejectTitle": "Mover regra rejeitada de volta para rascunho"
+  },
+  "rulesSingleTable": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Regras de tabela única",
+    "editBreadcrumb": "Editar regras de tabela",
+    "title": "Regras de tabela única",
+    "editTitle": "Editar regras",
+    "subtitle": "Defina verificações de coluna para uma tabela individual.",
+    "editSubtitle": "Editando regras para {{table}}. Execute uma simulação ou salve as alterações.",
+    "createSubtitle": "Defina regras com IA ou manualmente, atribua tabelas e, em seguida, valide e salve.",
+    "createRulesBreadcrumb": "Criar Regras",
+    "loadingRulesFor": "Carregando regras para {{table}}...",
+    "editingRuleFor": "Editando regra para {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_one": "Carregada {{count}} regra existente para {{table}}",
+    "loadedExistingRules_other": "Carregadas {{count}} regras existentes para {{table}}",
+    "defineRulesStep": "Definir Regras",
+    "validateSaveStep": "Validar e Salvar",
+    "validateSaveDescription": "Execute uma simulação contra uma tabela específica para validar e, em seguida, salve as regras.",
+    "generateWithAi": "Gerar com IA",
+    "referenceTableLabel": "Tabela de referência (opcional — fornece contexto de coluna para a IA)",
+    "aiPromptPlaceholder": "ex.: Todas as colunas de ID não devem ser nulas, e-mail deve ter formato válido, valores devem ser positivos",
+    "generating": "Gerando...",
+    "generate": "Gerar",
+    "addCheck": "Adicionar verificação",
+    "selectTableForDryRun": "Selecione a tabela para a simulação...",
+    "sampleRows": "Linhas de amostra",
+    "sampleRowsTooltip": "A simulação valida apenas as primeiras <strong>1–10.000 linhas</strong> da tabela selecionada — é uma prévia rápida, não uma validação completa. Para executar regras em todas as linhas, vá para <strong>Executar Regras</strong> e escolha <strong>\"Todas as linhas\"</strong>.",
+    "maxRows": "máx. 10.000",
+    "running": "Executando...",
+    "dryRun": "Simulação",
+    "jobStatus": "Status do job:",
+    "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selecione uma função para cada verificação",
+    "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Atribua pelo menos uma tabela alvo a uma verificação",
+    "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" é obrigatório para {{fn}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificação já existe para a(s) tabela(s) selecionada(s)",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificações já existem para a(s) tabela(s) selecionada(s)",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} verificação(ões) → {{rules}} regra(s) em {{tables}} tabela(s)",
+    "updateRule": "Atualizar regra",
+    "saveAsDrafts": "Salvar como rascunhos",
+    "updateAndSubmit": "Atualizar e enviar",
+    "submitForReview": "Enviar para Revisão",
+    "dryRunInProgressTitle": "Simulação em andamento",
+    "dryRunInProgressDescription": "Uma simulação está em execução. Sair irá cancelá-la e descartar os resultados.",
+    "unsavedChangesTitle": "Alterações não salvas",
+    "unsavedChangesDescription": "Você tem alterações de regras não salvas. Sair irá descartar suas edições.",
+    "leaveCancelDryRun": "Sair e cancelar simulação",
+    "discardLeave": "Descartar e sair",
+    "stayOnPage": "Permanecer na página",
+    "checkLabel": "Verificação {{index}}",
+    "colBadge": "col: {{columns}}",
+    "tablesBadge_one": "{{count}} tabela",
+    "tablesBadge_other": "{{count}} tabelas",
+    "duplicateBadge": "Duplicada",
+    "duplicateTooltip": "Esta verificação já existe para a(s) tabela(s) selecionada(s). Remova-a ou modifique-a.",
+    "function": "Função",
+    "criticality": "Criticidade",
+    "criticalityWarn": "aviso",
+    "criticalityError": "erro",
+    "optional": "(opcional)",
+    "required": "(obrigatório)",
+    "targetTables": "Tabelas alvo",
+    "selectedSuffix": "({{count}} selecionadas)",
+    "noneSelected": "(nenhuma selecionada)",
+    "filteredByColumn": "— filtradas pela coluna:",
+    "checkingColumnCompatibility": "Verificando compatibilidade da coluna...",
+    "selectFunction": "Selecionar função",
+    "customSuffix": "{{name}} (personalizada)",
+    "loadingFunctions": "Carregando funções...",
+    "noMatches": "Sem resultados",
+    "searchFunctions": "Buscar funções...",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTarget": "Todas as verificações já têm uma tabela alvo.",
+    "toastAllChecksHaveTargetDescription": "Use o painel \"Tabelas alvo\" da verificação para adicionar {{table}} explicitamente.",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_one": "Atribuída {{count}} verificação a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecks_other": "Atribuídas {{count}} verificações a {{table}}",
+    "toastTargetedChecksDescription": "As verificações com alvos explícitos não foram alteradas.",
+    "toastAiNoChecks": "A IA não gerou verificações válidas. Tente uma descrição diferente.",
+    "toastAiGenerated_one": "{{count}} verificação gerada pela IA",
+    "toastAiGenerated_other": "{{count}} verificações geradas pela IA",
+    "toastAiFailed": "Falha na geração por IA. Tente novamente.",
+    "toastSelectTable": "Selecione uma tabela para executar a simulação",
+    "toastNoChecksTargetTable": "Nenhuma verificação visa a tabela selecionada",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitted": "Simulação enviada — aguardando resultados...",
+    "toastDryRunComplete": "Simulação concluída",
+    "toastDryRunFetchFailed": "Falha ao buscar resultados da simulação",
+    "toastDryRunFailed": "Falha na simulação: {{message}}",
+    "toastUnknownError": "Erro desconhecido",
+    "toastFailedCheckStatus": "Falha ao verificar o status da simulação",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailedDetail": "Falha na simulação: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDryRunSubmitFailed": "Falha ao enviar simulação",
+    "toastFixValidationErrors": "Corrija os erros de validação antes de salvar.",
+    "toastUpdatedSubmissionFailed": "Regra atualizada, mas o envio falhou: {{detail}}",
+    "toastUpdateFailed": "Falha na atualização: {{detail}}",
+    "toastOriginalTargetRemoved": "{{table}}: o alvo original foi removido no editor, mas a regra foi mantida. Exclua-a em Rascunhos se não a quiser mais.",
+    "toastSavedSubmissionFailed": "Regra salva, mas o envio falhou: {{detail}}",
+    "toastDuplicatesExist": "Já existem regras duplicadas e elas não podem ser salvas:\n{{messages}}",
+    "toastRulesSavedAndSubmitted": "Regras {{parts}} e enviadas",
+    "toastRulesSavedAsDrafts": "Regras {{parts}} como rascunhos",
+    "toastUpdatedCount": "{{count}} atualizada(s)",
+    "toastCreatedCount": "{{count}} criada(s)",
+    "toastFailedSaveRules": "Falha ao salvar as regras",
+    "argInvalidColumnName": "\"{{name}}\" não é um nome de coluna válido. Use apenas letras, números, sublinhados e pontos.",
+    "argSemicolonsListNotAllowed": "Não são permitidos pontos e vírgulas em valores de lista.",
+    "argProhibitedSqlKeyword": "\"{{item}}\" contém uma palavra-chave SQL proibida.",
+    "argMustBeNumeric": "Deve ser um valor numérico.",
+    "argSemicolonsExpressionNotAllowed": "Não são permitidos pontos e vírgulas em expressões.",
+    "argExpressionProhibitedKeyword": "A expressão contém uma palavra-chave SQL proibida (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.).",
+    "crossArgRangeNeedsBound": "Forneça pelo menos um entre Limite Mínimo ou Limite Máximo.",
+    "argLabelColumnName": "Nome da Coluna",
+    "argLabelAllowed": "Valores Permitidos",
+    "argLabelForbidden": "Valores Não Permitidos",
+    "argLabelLimit": "Limite",
+    "argLabelMinLimit": "Limite Mínimo",
+    "argLabelMaxLimit": "Limite Máximo",
+    "argLabelRegex": "Padrão Regex",
+    "argLabelDateFormat": "Formato de Data",
+    "argLabelTimestampFormat": "Formato de Timestamp",
+    "argLabelExpression": "Expressão",
+    "argLabelMsg": "Mensagem de Erro",
+    "argLabelName": "Nome da Verificação",
+    "argLabelCidrBlock": "Bloco CIDR",
+    "argLabelValue": "Valor",
+    "argLabelDays": "Dias",
+    "argLabelOffset": "Deslocamento (segundos)",
+    "argLabelMaxAgeMinutes": "Idade Máxima (minutos)",
+    "argLabelKeys": "Chaves Obrigatórias",
+    "argLabelSchema": "Schema Esperado",
+    "argLabelDimension": "Dimensão",
+    "argLabelTrimStrings": "Remover Espaços",
+    "argLabelCaseSensitive": "Diferenciar Maiúsculas",
+    "argLabelNullsDistinct": "Nulos Distintos",
+    "argLabelNegate": "Negar",
+    "argLabelRequireAll": "Exigir Todas as Chaves",
+    "argLabelAbsTolerance": "Tolerância Absoluta",
+    "argLabelRelTolerance": "Tolerância Relativa",
+    "argLabelMinValue": "Valor Mínimo",
+    "argLabelMaxValue": "Valor Máximo",
+    "argHintColumnName": "ex.: id",
+    "argHintAllowed": "separados por vírgula, ex.: A,B,C",
+    "argHintForbidden": "separados por vírgula",
+    "argHintLimit": "valor numérico",
+    "argHintMinLimit": "valor mínimo",
+    "argHintMaxLimit": "valor máximo",
+    "argHintRegex": "ex.: ^[A-Z]+$",
+    "argHintDateFormat": "ex.: yyyy-MM-dd",
+    "argHintTimestampFormat": "ex.: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+    "argHintExpression": "expressão SQL, ex.: col > 0",
+    "argHintMsg": "Mensagem de erro",
+    "argHintCidrBlock": "ex.: 192.168.1.0/24",
+    "argHintValue": "valor para comparação",
+    "argHintDays": "número de dias",
+    "argHintOffset": "segundos",
+    "argHintMaxAgeMinutes": "idade máxima em minutos",
+    "argHintKeys": "chaves separadas por vírgula",
+    "argHintDimension": "0, 1 ou 2",
+    "argHintIsUniqueColumns": "separadas por vírgula, ex.: id ou col1, col2",
+    "overrideColumnsLabel": "Nome(s) da(s) Coluna(s)",
+    "overrideHelpNullsDistinct": "Quando verdadeiro (padrão), valores NULL são tratados como distintos entre si.",
+    "overrideHelpTrimStrings": "Quando verdadeiro, valores compostos apenas por espaços são tratados como vazios.",
+    "overrideHelpCaseSensitive": "Quando falso, a comparação ignora maiúsculas e minúsculas.",
+    "overrideHelpDateFormat": "Opcional. Deixe em branco para usar o parser ISO padrão do DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpTimestampFormat": "Opcional. Deixe em branco para usar o parser ISO de timestamp padrão do DQX.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateExpression": "Quando verdadeiro, a regra falha quando a expressão é avaliada como verdadeira.",
+    "overrideHelpNegateRegex": "Quando verdadeiro, a regra falha quando o valor corresponde ao padrão.",
+    "overrideHintMsg": "Substituição opcional da mensagem de erro",
+    "overrideHintName": "Nome personalizado opcional"
+  },
+  "runs": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Executar Regras",
+    "title": "Executar Regras",
+    "subtitle": "Execute regras aprovadas sob demanda ou em uma agenda. Os resultados aparecem no histórico de validação.",
+    "tabExecute": "Executar",
+    "tabSchedules": "Agendamentos",
+    "scheduledRuns": "Execuções Agendadas",
+    "newSchedule": "Novo Agendamento",
+    "backToSchedules": "Voltar aos agendamentos",
+    "executeRules": "Executar Regras",
+    "executeRulesSubtitle": "Selecione regras aprovadas e dispare execuções de validação manuais.",
+    "tableSelection": "Seleção de Tabela",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_one": "{{count}} conjunto de regras aprovadas disponível",
+    "approvedRuleSetsAvailable_other": "{{count}} conjuntos de regras aprovadas disponíveis",
+    "selectedSuffix": "· {{count}} selecionado(s)",
+    "running": "Executando...",
+    "runSelected": "Executar selecionados",
+    "runNSelected": "Executar {{count}} selecionado(s)",
+    "groupBy": "Agrupar por:",
+    "groupByCatalog": "Catálogo",
+    "groupBySchema": "Schema",
+    "groupByFlat": "Lista plana",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos os catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos os schemas",
+    "searchTablesPlaceholder": "Pesquisar tabelas...",
+    "selectAll": "Selecionar todos",
+    "clear": "Limpar",
+    "noRulesMatchSearch": "Nenhuma regra corresponde à sua pesquisa.",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabela",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tabelas",
+    "crossTableRules": "Regras entre tabelas",
+    "unknown": "Desconhecido",
+    "all": "Todos",
+    "noApprovedRules": "Nenhuma regra aprovada",
+    "noApprovedRulesDescription": "Aprove regras em Rascunhos e Revisão primeiro, depois retorne aqui para executá-las.",
+    "goToDraftsReview": "Ir para Rascunhos e Revisão",
+    "startedRuns_one": "Iniciada {{count}} execução de validação",
+    "startedRuns_other": "Iniciadas {{count}} execuções de validação",
+    "runsFailedToSubmit": "({{count}} falha ao enviar)",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabela falhou ao enviar",
+    "allTablesFailedToSubmit_other": "Todas as {{count}} tabelas falharam ao enviar",
+    "viewInHistory": "Ver no Histórico",
+    "batchRunFailed": "Execução em lote falhou: {{error}}",
+    "failedLoadRules": "Falha ao carregar regras",
+    "activeRuns": "Execuções Ativas",
+    "activeRunsDescription": "Estas execuções de validação estão em andamento. O status é atualizado automaticamente.",
+    "dismissAll": "Dispensar todos",
+    "headerTable": "Tabela",
+    "headerRunId": "ID da Execução",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerElapsed": "Decorrido",
+    "headerRules": "Regras",
+    "runCompleted": "Execução para {{table}} concluída com sucesso",
+    "runFailedInternal": "Execução para {{table}} falhou com erro interno",
+    "runFinished": "Execução para {{table}} terminou ({{state}})",
+    "runCanceled": "Execução para {{table}} cancelada",
+    "failedCancelRun": "Falha ao cancelar execução",
+    "statusPollingError": "Erro de monitoramento",
+    "statusInternalError": "Erro Interno",
+    "statusRunning": "Executando",
+    "statusPending": "Pendente",
+    "statusDone": "Concluído",
+    "stopRun": "Parar execução",
+    "stop": "Parar",
+    "dismiss": "Dispensar",
+    "approved": "Aprovada",
+    "createSchedule": "Criar Agendamento",
+    "createScheduleDescription": "Insira um nome único para a nova configuração de execução agendada.",
+    "name": "Nome",
+    "namePlaceholder": "ex.: daily_sales_check",
+    "scheduleNameExists": "Este nome de agendamento já existe.",
+    "scheduleNameInvalid": "O nome deve ter de 1 a 64 caracteres usando apenas letras, dígitos, sublinhados ou hifens.",
+    "create": "Criar",
+    "failedLoadSchedules": "Falha ao carregar agendamentos",
+    "failedLoadSchedulesHint": "Verifique suas configurações",
+    "failedLoadEditor": "Falha ao carregar editor de agendamento",
+    "failedLoadEditorHint": "Verifique suas configurações",
+    "scheduleCreated": "Agendamento \"{{name}}\" criado",
+    "permissionsViewSchedules": "Permissões insuficientes para visualizar agendamentos",
+    "permissionsCreateSchedules": "Permissões insuficientes: apenas administradores podem criar agendamentos.",
+    "permissionsSaveSchedules": "Permissões insuficientes: apenas administradores podem salvar agendamentos.",
+    "permissionsDeleteSchedules": "Permissões insuficientes: apenas administradores podem excluir agendamentos.",
+    "failedCreateSchedule": "Falha ao criar novo agendamento",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesTitle": "Permissões insuficientes",
+    "permissionsViewSchedulesBody": "Você precisa de permissões de administrador para visualizar e gerenciar agendamentos. Entre em contato com o administrador do workspace para solicitar acesso.",
+    "tryRefreshing": "Tente atualizar a página.",
+    "noSchedulesConfigured": "Nenhum agendamento configurado",
+    "clickNewScheduleHint": "Clique em \"Novo Agendamento\" para criar seu primeiro agendamento",
+    "headerName": "Nome",
+    "headerFrequency": "Frequência",
+    "headerScope": "Escopo",
+    "headerSampleSize": "Tamanho da Amostra",
+    "headerLastUpdated": "Última Atualização",
+    "headerUpdatedBy": "Atualizado Por",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "allRows": "Todas as linhas",
+    "errorParsingSchedule": "Erro ao analisar configuração do agendamento",
+    "scheduleSaved": "Configuração do agendamento salva com sucesso",
+    "yamlSyntaxOrValidation": "Verifique a sintaxe YAML ou erros de validação.",
+    "failedSave": "Falha ao salvar: {{message}}",
+    "scheduleDeleted": "Agendamento \"{{name}}\" excluído",
+    "failedDeleteSchedule": "Falha ao excluir agendamento",
+    "changesDiscarded": "Alterações descartadas",
+    "noScopeMatched": "Nenhum conjunto de regras correspondeu ao escopo do agendamento. Verifique se existem regras aprovadas para o escopo selecionado.",
+    "submittedRuns_one": "{{count}} execução de regra enviada",
+    "submittedRuns_other": "{{count}} execuções de regras enviadas",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_one": "{{count}} tabela falhou ao enviar",
+    "tablesFailedToSubmit_other": "{{count}} tabelas falharam ao enviar",
+    "runFailed": "Execução falhou: {{error}}",
+    "noScheduledRuns": "Sem Execuções Agendadas",
+    "noScheduledRunsDescription": "Execuções agendadas definem como o DQX Studio processa automaticamente suas verificações de qualidade de dados em uma cadência recorrente ou por horário.",
+    "noScheduledRunsAdminSuffix": " Crie seu primeiro agendamento para começar.",
+    "createFirstSchedule": "Criar Seu Primeiro Agendamento",
+    "scheduleNotFound": "Agendamento Não Encontrado",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionPrefix": "A configuração de agendamento ",
+    "scheduleNotFoundDescriptionSuffix": " não existe. Pode ter sido excluída ou renomeada.",
+    "viewAllSchedules": "Ver Todos os Agendamentos",
+    "createNewSchedule": "Criar Novo Agendamento",
+    "selectAScheduleTitle": "Selecione um Agendamento",
+    "selectAScheduleDescription": "Escolha um agendamento da lista para visualizar e editar sua configuração",
+    "editScheduleConfiguration": "Editar configuração do agendamento",
+    "viewScheduleConfiguration": "Visualizar configuração do agendamento",
+    "unsavedChangesIndicator": "• Alterações não salvas",
+    "saveBeforeRun": "Salve as alterações antes de executar",
+    "runNow": "Executar Agora",
+    "runNowTooltip": "Executar este agendamento agora",
+    "resetChanges": "Redefinir alterações",
+    "saveChanges": "Salvar alterações",
+    "deleteSchedule": "Excluir Agendamento",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmPrefix": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir o agendamento ",
+    "deleteScheduleConfirmSuffix": "? Esta ação não pode ser desfeita.",
+    "cancel": "Cancelar",
+    "delete": "Excluir",
+    "failedConvertYaml": "Falha ao converter dados do formulário para YAML",
+    "invalidScheduleConfig": "Configuração de agendamento inválida",
+    "deleteRecreateHint": "Exclua e recrie este agendamento para corrigir o problema.",
+    "failedParseYaml": "Falha ao analisar YAML",
+    "basicConfiguration": "Configuração Básica",
+    "schedule": "Agendamento",
+    "scheduleSectionDescription": "Configure quando este agendamento deve ser executado automaticamente. Escolha \"Apenas manual\" para desabilitar a execução automática.",
+    "ruleScope": "Escopo das Regras",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionPrefix": "Escolha quais conjuntos de regras aprovadas incluir. Selecione por catálogo, schema ou tabelas específicas. As regras são lidas da tabela Delta ",
+    "ruleScopeDescriptionSuffix": ".",
+    "noApprovedRulesFound": "Nenhuma regra aprovada encontrada. Aprove regras em Rascunhos e Revisão primeiro.",
+    "frequency": "Frequência",
+    "freqManual": "Apenas manual",
+    "freqHourly": "A cada hora",
+    "freqDaily": "Diária",
+    "freqWeekly": "Semanal",
+    "freqMonthly": "Mensal",
+    "freqCron": "Cron personalizado",
+    "cronExpression": "Expressão Cron",
+    "cronPlaceholder": "ex.: 0 6 * * MON-FRI",
+    "cronHint": "Cron padrão de 5 campos (minuto hora dia mês dia-da-semana)",
+    "minute": "Minuto",
+    "hour": "Hora",
+    "utcSuffix": "(UTC)",
+    "dayOfWeek": "Dia da semana",
+    "dayOfMonth": "Dia do mês",
+    "daySunday": "Domingo",
+    "dayMonday": "Segunda-feira",
+    "dayTuesday": "Terça-feira",
+    "dayWednesday": "Quarta-feira",
+    "dayThursday": "Quinta-feira",
+    "dayFriday": "Sexta-feira",
+    "daySaturday": "Sábado",
+    "dayShortSun": "Dom",
+    "dayShortMon": "Seg",
+    "dayShortTue": "Ter",
+    "dayShortWed": "Qua",
+    "dayShortThu": "Qui",
+    "dayShortFri": "Sex",
+    "dayShortSat": "Sáb",
+    "scope": "Escopo",
+    "scopeAll": "Todas as regras aprovadas",
+    "scopeByCatalog": "Por catálogo",
+    "scopeBySchema": "Por schema",
+    "scopeTables": "Tabelas específicas",
+    "noCatalogsInRules": "Nenhum catálogo encontrado nas regras aprovadas.",
+    "noSchemasInRules": "Nenhum schema encontrado nas regras aprovadas.",
+    "noApprovedRulesAvailable": "Nenhuma regra aprovada disponível.",
+    "selectedOf": "{{selected}} de {{total}} selecionado(s)",
+    "rulesCount_one": "{{count}} regra",
+    "rulesCount_other": "{{count}} regras",
+    "matchedOfApproved_one": "{{matched}} de {{total}} conjunto de regras aprovadas correspondente",
+    "matchedOfApproved_other": "{{matched}} de {{total}} conjuntos de regras aprovadas correspondentes",
+    "rowScope": "Escopo de linhas",
+    "sampleRows": "Linhas amostradas",
+    "sampleSizePerTable": "Tamanho da amostra por tabela",
+    "cronManualOnly": "Apenas manual (sem agendamento automático)",
+    "cronHourly": "Toda hora aos :{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronDaily": "Diariamente às {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronWeekly": "Toda {{day}} às {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronMonthly": "Mensalmente no dia {{day}} às {{hour}}:{{minute}} UTC",
+    "cronCustom": "Cron: {{expression}}",
+    "cronCustomNotSet": "Cron personalizado (não definido)",
+    "scopeNoCatalogs": "Sem catálogos",
+    "scopeNoSchemas": "Sem schemas",
+    "scopeNoTables": "Sem tabelas",
+    "scopeAllLabel": "Todos",
+    "scopeMoreSummary": "{{a}}, {{b}} +{{count}} mais"
+  },
+  "runsHistory": {
+    "breadcrumb": "Histórico de Execuções",
+    "title": "Histórico de Execuções",
+    "subtitle": "Navegue por execuções de validação anteriores, inspecione métricas de qualidade e revise a quarentena.",
+    "adjustFiltersHint": "Tente ajustar seus filtros para encontrar execuções.",
+    "allCatalogs": "Todos os Catálogos",
+    "allSchemas": "Todos os Esquemas",
+    "allStatuses": "Todos os Status",
+    "allTables": "Todas as Tabelas",
+    "allTypes": "Todos os Tipos",
+    "canceledBadge": "Cancelada",
+    "canceledByPrefix": "por ",
+    "canceledByTitle": "Cancelada por {{user}}",
+    "completedOnly": "Resultados detalhados estão disponíveis para execuções concluídas (SUCESSO).",
+    "executeRulesHint": "Execute regras aprovadas na página Executar Regras para ver os resultados aqui.",
+    "failedBadge": "Falhou",
+    "failedOption": "Falhou",
+    "filteredFrom": " (filtrado de {{total}})",
+    "hasInvalid": "Tem inválidas",
+    "headerInvalid": "Inválidas",
+    "headerRequestedBy": "Solicitado por",
+    "headerRules": "Regras",
+    "headerRunDate": "Data da execução",
+    "headerStatus": "Status",
+    "headerTable": "Tabela",
+    "headerTotal": "Total",
+    "headerType": "Tipo",
+    "headerValid": "Válidas",
+    "loadFailed": "Falha ao carregar histórico de execuções: {{error}}",
+    "loadingResults": "Carregando resultados...",
+    "manual": "Manual",
+    "manualOption": "Manual",
+    "moreSuffix": "+{{count}} mais",
+    "myRuns": "Minhas execuções",
+    "noMatching": "Nenhuma execução correspondente",
+    "noRuns": "Nenhuma execução ainda",
+    "pendingBadge": "Pendente",
+    "permissionsDescription": "Você não tem permissão para ver o histórico de execuções. Entre em contato com seu administrador.",
+    "permissionsTitle": "Permissões insuficientes",
+    "runFailed": "Execução falhou",
+    "runningBadge": "Executando",
+    "runningOption": "Executando",
+    "runsCount_one": "{{count}} execução",
+    "runsCount_other": "{{count}} execuções",
+    "scheduled": "Agendada",
+    "scheduledOption": "Agendada",
+    "skeletonFailedHint": "A tabela de execuções de validação pode não existir ainda. Execute algumas regras primeiro.",
+    "skeletonFailedLoad": "Falha ao carregar histórico de execuções",
+    "successBadge": "Sucesso",
+    "successOption": "Sucesso",
+    "validationRuns": "Execuções de validação",
+    "wasCanceled": "Esta execução foi cancelada."
+  },
+  "aiAssistant": {
+    "title": "Assistente de Regras IA",
+    "description": "Gere regras de qualidade de dados usando IA"
+  },
+  "aiCheckGenerator": {
+    "title": "Geração de Regras com Assistência de IA",
+    "subtitle": "Descreva suas necessidades de qualidade de dados",
+    "usingContextFrom": "Usando contexto de: {{name}}",
+    "generatedChecks": "Verificações Geradas",
+    "copy": "Copiar",
+    "copied": "Copiado",
+    "noRulesYet": "Nenhuma regra gerada ainda",
+    "enterRequirementsContext": "Digite os requisitos para \"{{name}}\" para começar",
+    "enterRequirements": "Digite seus requisitos abaixo para começar",
+    "describeRulesContext": "Descreva regras para \"{{name}}\"...",
+    "examplePlaceholder": "Exemplo: O valor da venda deve ser positivo",
+    "kbdHint": "para gerar ou",
+    "kbdHintSuffix": "para uma nova linha",
+    "enterDescriptionFirst": "Por favor, insira uma descrição dos seus requisitos de qualidade de dados",
+    "checksGenerated": "Verificações geradas com sucesso!",
+    "failedGenerate": "Falha ao gerar verificações. Tente novamente.",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiado para a área de transferência"
+  },
+  "catalogBrowser": {
+    "catalog": "Catálogo",
+    "schema": "Schema",
+    "table": "Tabela",
+    "tables": "Tabelas",
+    "selectCatalog": "Selecione o catálogo",
+    "selectSchema": "Selecione o schema",
+    "selectTable": "Selecione a tabela",
+    "selectSchemaFirst": "Selecione o schema primeiro",
+    "tablesAvailable": "{{count}} tabelas disponíveis",
+    "selectAll": "Selecionar Todas",
+    "clear": "Limpar",
+    "tablesInSchema": "({{schema}} neste schema)",
+    "tablesInSchemaWithTotal": "({{schema}} neste schema, {{total}} no total)",
+    "missingColumns": "Colunas obrigatórias ausentes"
+  },
+  "columnDiscovery": {
+    "title": "Descoberta de colunas",
+    "browseColumns": "(navegar colunas)",
+    "hint": "Consulta rápida de colunas em qualquer tabela do UC. Clique em uma coluna para copiar o nome e cole no campo de coluna de qualquer verificação abaixo.",
+    "loading": "Carregando…",
+    "catalogPlaceholder": "Catálogo",
+    "schemaPlaceholder": "Schema",
+    "tablePlaceholder": "Tabela",
+    "filterPlaceholder": "Filtrar colunas por nome ou tipo…",
+    "clearFilter": "Limpar filtro",
+    "pickHint": "Escolha um catálogo, schema e tabela acima para ver as colunas.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Falha ao carregar colunas para {{table}}.",
+    "noMatch": "Nenhuma coluna corresponde a \"{{filter}}\".",
+    "noColumns": "Esta tabela não possui colunas.",
+    "columnsCount_one": "{{visible}} de {{total}} coluna",
+    "columnsCount_other": "{{visible}} de {{total}} colunas",
+    "reset": "Redefinir",
+    "loadingMetadata": "Carregando metadados do catálogo…",
+    "copied": "\"{{name}}\" copiado",
+    "copyHint": "Cole no campo de coluna.",
+    "couldNotCopy": "Não foi possível copiar para a área de transferência",
+    "copyAria": "Copiar {{name}}",
+    "copyTooltip": "Copiar nome da coluna",
+    "notNullSuffix": " · NOT NULL"
+  },
+  "commentThread": {
+    "showComments": "Mostrar",
+    "hideComments": "Ocultar",
+    "commentsSuffix": "comentários",
+    "loading": "Carregando comentários...",
+    "empty": "Nenhum comentário ainda.",
+    "placeholder": "Adicionar um comentário...",
+    "failedAdd": "Falha ao adicionar comentário",
+    "failedDelete": "Falha ao excluir comentário"
+  },
+  "dryRun": {
+    "totalRows": "Total de Linhas",
+    "valid": "Válidas",
+    "invalid": "Inválidas",
+    "passRate": "Taxa de aprovação",
+    "errorSummary": "Resumo de Erros",
+    "distinctSuffix": "distintos",
+    "errorHeader": "Erro",
+    "countHeader": "Contagem",
+    "showLess": "Mostrar menos",
+    "showMore": "Mostrar mais {{count}}...",
+    "invalidRows": "Linhas Inválidas",
+    "quarantinedSuffix": "em quarentena",
+    "samplesSuffix": "amostras",
+    "exportRows": "Exportar {{count}} linhas:",
+    "exportFirstOf": "Exportar primeiras {{first}} de {{count}} linhas:",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "excel": "Excel",
+    "maxExport": "Máximo de {{count}} linhas por exportação",
+    "downloadSampleRows": "Baixar {{count}} linhas de amostra:",
+    "loadingQuarantine": "Carregando dados de quarentena...",
+    "noInvalidRows": "Nenhuma linha inválida para exibir",
+    "errorsHeader": "Erros"
+  },
+  "labelsEditor": {
+    "title": "Rótulos (opcional)",
+    "addLabel": "Adicionar rótulo",
+    "customLabel": "Rótulo personalizado",
+    "customLabelTooltip": "Adicionar um rótulo cuja chave não está no catálogo do administrador",
+    "removeLabel": "Remover rótulo",
+    "keyPlaceholder": "chave",
+    "valuePlaceholder": "valor (vazio → true)",
+    "searchKeys": "Pesquisar chaves de rótulo…",
+    "noMatchingKeys": "Nenhuma chave correspondente.",
+    "boolean": "booleano",
+    "valueCount_one": "{{count}} valor",
+    "valueCount_other": "{{count}} valores",
+    "plusCustom": " + personalizado",
+    "inUse": "(em uso)",
+    "pickValue": "Escolha um valor…",
+    "searchValues": "Pesquisar valores…",
+    "noMatchingValues": "Nenhum valor correspondente.",
+    "orCustomValue": "Ou insira valor personalizado",
+    "customPlaceholder": "personalizado…",
+    "set": "Definir",
+    "currentNotInCatalog": "O valor atual {{value}} não está no catálogo.",
+    "clickToToggle": "clique para alternar"
+  },
+  "labelFilter": {
+    "allLabels": "Todos os Rótulos",
+    "labelsCount": "{{count}} rótulos",
+    "searchLabels": "Pesquisar rótulos…",
+    "noLabelsFound": "Nenhum rótulo encontrado na visualização atual.",
+    "noMatches": "Nenhuma correspondência para \"{{query}}\".",
+    "selectedSuffix": "selecionados",
+    "clear": "Limpar"
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Gerenciamento de Funções",
+    "description": "Mapeie grupos de workspace do Databricks para funções do aplicativo. Os usuários herdam a função de maior prioridade dos seus grupos.",
+    "failedLoad": "Falha ao carregar mapeamentos de função",
+    "noMappings": "Nenhum mapeamento de função configurado.",
+    "addMappingHint": "Adicione um mapeamento abaixo para atribuir funções a grupos do Databricks.",
+    "delayTitle": "Alterações de função levam até ~1 minuto para alcançar uma sessão ativa.",
+    "delayBody": "A função resolvida de cada usuário é armazenada em cache do lado do cliente por 60 segundos. Após adicionar ou remover um mapeamento, o usuário afetado mantém sua função anterior até a sessão revalidar (o que também acontece imediatamente em qualquer navegação de página). Um recarregamento forçado aplica a nova função imediatamente.",
+    "delayBoldDuration": "~1 minuto",
+    "delayPrefix": "Alterações de função levam até ",
+    "delaySuffix": " para alcançar uma sessão ativa.",
+    "role": "Função",
+    "selectRole": "Selecione função...",
+    "databricksGroup": "Grupo Databricks",
+    "selectGroup": "Selecione grupo...",
+    "adding": "Adicionando…",
+    "add": "Adicionar",
+    "groupSearchPlaceholder": "Pesquisar grupos...",
+    "loading": "Carregando...",
+    "failedLoadGroups": "Falha ao carregar grupos",
+    "noGroupsMatch": "Nenhum grupo corresponde à pesquisa",
+    "noGroupsFound": "Nenhum grupo encontrado",
+    "showingFirst": "Mostrando as primeiras {{count}} correspondências — refine sua pesquisa para reduzir os resultados.",
+    "roleAdmin": "Administrador",
+    "roleApprover": "Aprovador",
+    "roleAuthor": "Autor",
+    "roleViewer": "Visualizador",
+    "roleRunner": "Executor",
+    "roleAdminDescription": "Acesso total incluindo gerenciamento de funções (administradores são executores implícitos)",
+    "roleApproverDescription": "Pode aprovar/rejeitar regras e todas as permissões de autor",
+    "roleAuthorDescription": "Pode criar, editar e enviar regras",
+    "roleViewerDescription": "Acesso somente leitura às regras",
+    "roleRunnerDescription": "Pode executar regras aprovadas na página Executar Regras (aditivo — independente de outras funções)",
+    "mappingAdded": "Mapeamento adicionado: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingAddedDescription": "Armazenado em dq_role_mappings. Sessões ativas obtêm a nova função em ~1 minuto (ou na próxima navegação).",
+    "mappingRemoved": "Mapeamento removido: {{role}} → {{group}}",
+    "mappingRemovedDescription": "Usuários afetados podem manter a função anterior por até ~1 minuto até a sessão atualizar.",
+    "failedCreate": "Falha ao criar mapeamento de função",
+    "failedDelete": "Falha ao excluir mapeamento de função",
+    "fallbackError": "Falha ao criar mapeamento de função. Verifique os logs do backend para detalhes."
+  },
+  "rulesReview": {
+    "rulesTab": "Regras",
+    "yamlTab": "YAML",
+    "copyYaml": "Copiar YAML",
+    "noRules": "Nenhuma regra definida.",
+    "headerHash": "#",
+    "headerFunction": "Função",
+    "headerColumns": "Coluna(s)",
+    "headerCriticality": "Criticidade",
+    "headerLabels": "Rótulos",
+    "headerParameters": "Parâmetros",
+    "criticalityError": "Erro",
+    "criticalityWarn": "Aviso",
+    "yamlMustBeList": "O YAML deve ser uma lista de definições de verificação",
+    "yamlCopied": "YAML copiado para a área de transferência"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
index 361c7157e..b1c44019b 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { StrictMode } from "react";
 import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
 
 import "@/styles/globals.css";
+import "@/lib/i18n";
 import { routeTree } from "@/types/routeTree.gen";
 
 import { RouterProvider, createRouter } from "@tanstack/react-router";
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/config.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/config.tsx
index ec53be77c..333db2b5a 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/config.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/config.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { QueryErrorResetBoundary, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { ErrorBoundary } from "react-error-boundary";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import { AlertCircle, Globe, Loader2, Search, Tags, Plus, Trash2, X } from "lucide-react";
@@ -86,19 +87,21 @@ function SectionError({
 }: {
   resetErrorBoundary: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 items-start">
       <p className="text-sm text-destructive flex items-center gap-1">
-        <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4" /> Failed to load section
+        <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4" /> {t("config.sectionLoadFailed")}
       </p>
       <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={resetErrorBoundary}>
-        Retry
+        {t("common.retry")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function TimezoneSettings() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: tz, isLoading } = useTimezone();
   const saveMutation = useSaveTimezone();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
@@ -135,9 +138,9 @@ function TimezoneSettings() {
       {
         onSuccess: () => {
           queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: getTimezoneQueryKey() });
-          toast.success(`Timezone updated to ${value}`);
+          toast.success(t("config.timezoneUpdated", { value }));
         },
-        onError: () => toast.error("Failed to save timezone"),
+        onError: () => toast.error(t("config.failedToSaveTimezone")),
       },
     );
   };
@@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ function TimezoneSettings() {
       <CardHeader>
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <Globe className="h-5 w-5" />
-          Display Timezone
+          {t("config.timezoneTitle")}
         </CardTitle>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ function TimezoneSettings() {
                 <Search className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 shrink-0 opacity-50" />
                 <Input
                   ref={inputRef}
-                  placeholder="Search timezones..."
+                  placeholder={t("config.searchTimezones")}
                   value={search}
                   onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
                   className="h-8 border-0 p-0 shadow-none focus-visible:ring-0"
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ function TimezoneSettings() {
               </div>
               <div className="max-h-72 overflow-y-auto">
                 {filtered.length === 0 && (
-                  <p className="px-3 py-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground text-center">No timezone found.</p>
+                  <p className="px-3 py-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground text-center">{t("config.noTimezoneFound")}</p>
                 )}
                 {filtered.map((opt) => (
                   <button
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ function TimezoneSettings() {
           </Popover>
           {saveMutation.isPending && <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin text-muted-foreground" />}
           {!isAdmin && (
-            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Only admins can change this setting</span>
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("config.adminOnly")}</span>
           )}
         </div>
       </CardContent>
@@ -247,6 +250,7 @@ function draftToDef(d: DraftDefinition): LabelDefinition {
 }
 
 function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data, isLoading } = useLabelDefinitions();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const saveMutation = useSaveLabelDefinitions();
@@ -275,19 +279,17 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
     for (const d of drafts) {
       const k = d.key.trim();
       if (!k) {
-        errors.push("Every definition needs a key.");
+        errors.push(t("config.labelKeyMissing"));
         continue;
       }
       if (!LABEL_KEY_RE.test(k)) {
-        errors.push(
-          `Key "${k}" must start with a letter and contain only letters, digits, and underscores.`,
-        );
+        errors.push(t("config.labelKeyInvalid", { key: k }));
       }
-      if (seen.has(k)) errors.push(`Duplicate key "${k}".`);
+      if (seen.has(k)) errors.push(t("config.labelKeyDuplicate", { key: k }));
       seen.add(k);
     }
     return errors;
-  }, [drafts]);
+  }, [drafts, t]);
 
   const updateDraft = (draftId: string, patch: Partial<DraftDefinition>) => {
     setDrafts((prev) => prev.map((d) => (d.draftId === draftId ? { ...d, ...patch } : d)));
@@ -344,13 +346,13 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
           setDrafts(resp.data.definitions.map(defToDraft));
           toast.success(
             definitions.length === 0
-              ? "Cleared rule labels."
-              : `Saved ${definitions.length} rule label${definitions.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}.`,
+              ? t("config.clearedLabels")
+              : t("config.savedLabels", { count: definitions.length }),
           );
         },
         onError: (err: unknown) => {
           const axErr = err as AxiosError<{ detail?: string }>;
-          toast.error(axErr?.response?.data?.detail ?? "Failed to save label definitions");
+          toast.error(axErr?.response?.data?.detail ?? t("config.failedSaveLabels"));
         },
       },
     );
@@ -371,13 +373,13 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
       <CardHeader>
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <Tags className="h-5 w-5" />
-          Rule Labels
+          {t("config.labelsTitle")}
         </CardTitle>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="space-y-3">
         {drafts.length === 0 && (
           <div className="rounded-md border border-dashed p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            No label definitions yet.
+            {t("config.noLabelDefinitions")}
           </div>
         )}
         {drafts.map((d) => (
@@ -393,7 +395,7 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
         <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
           <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={() => addDraft()} className="gap-1.5">
             <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-            Add label definition
+            {t("config.addLabelDefinition")}
           </Button>
           {!hasWeightKey && (
             <Button
@@ -401,10 +403,10 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
               size="sm"
               onClick={() => addDraft(RESERVED_WEIGHT_KEY)}
               className="gap-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground"
-              title="Add a weight label with values 1..5 quickly"
+              title={t("config.addWeightTooltip")}
             >
               <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-              Add weight definition
+              {t("config.addWeightDefinition")}
             </Button>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -425,7 +427,7 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
             disabled={!isDirty || validation.length > 0 || saveMutation.isPending}
           >
             {saveMutation.isPending && <Loader2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 mr-1.5 animate-spin" />}
-            Save changes
+            {t("config.saveChanges")}
           </Button>
           <Button
             size="sm"
@@ -433,12 +435,11 @@ function LabelDefinitionsSettings() {
             onClick={handleReset}
             disabled={!isDirty || saveMutation.isPending}
           >
-            Reset
+            {t("config.reset")}
           </Button>
           {!isDirty && (data?.definitions?.length ?? 0) > 0 && (
             <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              {data?.definitions?.length} definition
-              {(data?.definitions?.length ?? 0) === 1 ? "" : "s"} active
+              {t("config.definitionsActive", { count: data?.definitions?.length ?? 0 })}
             </span>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -462,6 +463,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
   onAddValue,
   onRemoveValue,
 }: DefinitionEditorCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const keyValid = !draft.key || LABEL_KEY_RE.test(draft.key.trim());
   const isWeight = draft.key.trim() === RESERVED_WEIGHT_KEY;
   return (
@@ -470,38 +472,38 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
         <div className="grid grid-cols-[180px_1fr] gap-3 flex-1 items-start">
           <div className="space-y-1">
             <Label className="text-xs flex items-center gap-1.5">
-              Key
+              {t("config.key")}
               {isWeight && (
                 <Badge variant="secondary" className="h-4 px-1 text-[10px] font-normal">
-                  reserved
+                  {t("config.reserved")}
                 </Badge>
               )}
             </Label>
             <Input
               value={draft.key}
               onChange={(e) => onChange({ key: e.target.value })}
-              placeholder="e.g. team"
+              placeholder={t("config.keyPlaceholder")}
               className={cn("h-8 text-xs font-mono", !keyValid && "border-destructive")}
             />
             {!keyValid && (
               <p className="text-[10px] text-destructive">
-                Letters, digits, underscore. Must start with a letter.
+                {t("config.keyHint")}
               </p>
             )}
             {isWeight && (
               <p className="text-[10px] text-blue-700">
-                Drives the weight picker on rule authoring pages.
+                {t("config.weightHint")}
               </p>
             )}
           </div>
           <div className="space-y-1">
             <Label className="text-xs">
-              Description <span className="text-muted-foreground">(optional)</span>
+              {t("config.descriptionLabel")} <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("config.optional")}</span>
             </Label>
             <Textarea
               value={draft.description ?? ""}
               onChange={(e) => onChange({ description: e.target.value })}
-              placeholder={isWeight ? "Rule weight (1 = informational, 5 = critical)" : "What this label captures (e.g. Owning team)"}
+              placeholder={isWeight ? t("config.weightDescriptionPlaceholder") : t("config.descriptionPlaceholder")}
               className="text-xs min-h-[32px] py-1.5"
               rows={1}
             />
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
           size="icon"
           className="h-8 w-8 shrink-0 text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
           onClick={onRemove}
-          aria-label="Remove definition"
+          aria-label={t("config.removeDefinition")}
         >
           <Trash2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
         </Button>
@@ -521,9 +523,9 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
       <div className="space-y-1.5">
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
           <Label className="text-xs">
-            Allowed values{" "}
+            {t("config.allowedValues")}{" "}
             <span className="text-muted-foreground">
-              (leave empty for a boolean tag)
+              {t("config.allowedValuesHint")}
             </span>
           </Label>
           <label className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs cursor-pointer">
@@ -531,7 +533,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
               checked={draft.allow_custom_values}
               onCheckedChange={(c) => onChange({ allow_custom_values: c === true })}
             />
-            <span>Allow custom values</span>
+            <span>{t("config.allowCustomValues")}</span>
           </label>
         </div>
         {draft.values.length > 0 ? (
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
                   type="button"
                   className="ml-0.5 rounded-full hover:bg-foreground/10 p-0.5"
                   onClick={() => onRemoveValue(v)}
-                  aria-label={`Remove value ${v}`}
+                  aria-label={t("config.removeValueAria", { value: v })}
                 >
                   <X className="h-3 w-3" />
                 </button>
@@ -556,8 +558,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
           </div>
         ) : (
           <p className="text-[11px] italic text-muted-foreground">
-            No values — authors will toggle this label as a boolean tag (
-            <code>true</code>/<code>false</code>).
+            {t("config.noValuesHint")}
           </p>
         )}
         <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
                 onAddValue();
               }
             }}
-            placeholder={isWeight ? "add weight value (e.g. 1)" : "add value… (press Enter)"}
+            placeholder={isWeight ? t("config.weightValuePlaceholder") : t("config.addValuePlaceholder")}
             className="h-7 text-xs flex-1 font-mono"
           />
           <Button
@@ -582,7 +583,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
             onClick={onAddValue}
           >
             <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Add
+            {t("common.add")}
           </Button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -591,6 +592,7 @@ function DefinitionEditorCard({
 }
 
 function ConfigPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { isAdmin } = usePermissions();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
 
@@ -607,13 +609,13 @@ function ConfigPage() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb page="Configuration" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb page={t("config.breadcrumb")} />
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-            <ShinyText text="Configuration" speed={6} className="font-bold" />
+            <ShinyText text={t("config.title")} speed={6} className="font-bold" />
           </h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-            Manage roles, permissions, and display settings for your workspace.
+            {t("config.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/discovery.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/discovery.tsx
index 917f7c8a6..28cc8ec59 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/discovery.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/discovery.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import { CatalogBrowser } from "@/components/CatalogBrowser";
 import { useGetTableColumns, useGetRules, ColumnOut } from "@/lib/api";
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/discovery")({
 });
 
 function DiscoveryPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [catalog, setCatalog] = useState("");
   const [schema, setSchema] = useState("");
   const [table, setTable] = useState("");
@@ -51,13 +53,12 @@ function DiscoveryPage() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb page="Discovery" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb page={t("discovery.breadcrumb")} />
         <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-          <ShinyText text="Discovery" speed={6} className="font-bold" />
+          <ShinyText text={t("discovery.title")} speed={6} className="font-bold" />
         </h1>
         <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-          Browse Unity Catalog assets to find tables for your data quality
-          checks.
+          {t("discovery.subtitle")}
         </p>
       </div>
 
@@ -65,10 +66,10 @@ function DiscoveryPage() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <Search className="h-5 w-5" />
-            Browse Catalog
+            {t("discovery.browseCatalog")}
           </CardTitle>
           <CardDescription>
-            Select a catalog, schema, and table to view its columns.
+            {t("discovery.browseCatalogDescription")}
           </CardDescription>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent>
@@ -91,11 +92,10 @@ function DiscoveryPage() {
             <Database className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
           </div>
           <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-            Select a Table
+            {t("discovery.selectTableTitle")}
           </h3>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1 max-w-md">
-            Choose a catalog, schema, and table above to view its column
-            definitions.
+            {t("discovery.selectTableHint")}
           </p>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -103,34 +103,35 @@ function DiscoveryPage() {
   );
 }
 
-function statusBadge(status: string) {
+function StatusBadge({ status }: { status: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   switch (status) {
     case "draft":
       return (
         <Badge variant="secondary" className="gap-1">
           <FileEdit className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Draft
+          {t("discovery.draft")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "pending_approval":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-amber-500 text-amber-600">
           <Clock className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Pending
+          {t("discovery.pending")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "approved":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-green-500 text-green-600">
           <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Approved
+          {t("discovery.approved")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "rejected":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-red-500 text-red-600">
           <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Rejected
+          {t("discovery.rejected")}
         </Badge>
       );
     default:
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ function statusBadge(status: string) {
 }
 
 function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { data: rulesResp, isLoading, error } = useGetRules(tableFqn);
   const entry = rulesResp?.data?.[0];
@@ -149,16 +151,16 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
       <CardHeader>
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <BookCheck className="h-5 w-5" />
-          Quality Rules
+          {t("discovery.qualityRules")}
         </CardTitle>
         <CardDescription>
           {isLoading
-            ? "Checking for existing rules..."
+            ? t("discovery.checkingRules")
             : error
-              ? "Failed to load rules for this table."
+              ? t("discovery.failedLoadRules")
               : hasRules
-                ? `${entry.checks.length} rule${entry.checks.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} defined for this table`
-                : "No quality rules defined for this table yet."}
+                ? t("discovery.rulesDefined", { count: entry.checks.length })
+                : t("discovery.noRulesYet")}
         </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
         {!isLoading && error && (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-destructive">
             <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 shrink-0" />
-            <span>Could not load rules: {(error as Error).message}</span>
+            <span>{t("discovery.couldNotLoadRules", { error: (error as Error).message })}</span>
           </div>
         )}
 
@@ -178,14 +180,14 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
             <div className="flex items-center gap-3 text-sm">
               <span className="tabular-nums font-medium">v{entry.version}</span>
               <span className="text-muted-foreground">·</span>
-              {statusBadge(entry.status)}
+              <StatusBadge status={entry.status} />
               <span className="text-muted-foreground">·</span>
-              <span className="tabular-nums">{entry.checks.length} rules</span>
+              <span className="tabular-nums">{t("discovery.rulesCount", { count: entry.checks.length })}</span>
               {entry.updated_at && (
                 <>
                   <span className="text-muted-foreground">·</span>
                   <span className="text-muted-foreground text-xs">
-                    Updated {new Date(entry.updated_at).toLocaleDateString()}
+                    {t("discovery.updated", { date: new Date(entry.updated_at).toLocaleDateString() })}
                   </span>
                 </>
               )}
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
               }
             >
               <Pencil className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-              Edit Rules
+              {t("discovery.editRules")}
             </Button>
           </div>
         )}
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
         {!isLoading && !hasRules && (
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
             <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              Get started by generating rules with AI.
+              {t("discovery.getStartedAi")}
             </p>
             <Button
               size="sm"
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@ function RulesPanel({ tableFqn }: { tableFqn: string }) {
               }
             >
               <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-              Create Rules
+              {t("discovery.createRules")}
             </Button>
           </div>
         )}
@@ -240,6 +242,7 @@ function ColumnsTable({
   schema: string;
   table: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: columnsResp, isLoading, error } = useGetTableColumns(
     catalog,
     schema,
@@ -259,8 +262,8 @@ function ColumnsTable({
         <CardDescription className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <Columns3 className="h-4 w-4" />
           {isLoading
-            ? "Loading columns..."
-            : `${columns.length} column${columns.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`}
+            ? t("discovery.loadingColumns")
+            : t("discovery.columnsCount", { count: columns.length })}
         </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ function ColumnsTable({
 
         {error && (
           <p className="text-destructive text-sm">
-            Failed to load columns: {(error as Error).message}
+            {t("discovery.failedLoadColumns", { error: (error as Error).message })}
           </p>
         )}
 
@@ -283,11 +286,11 @@ function ColumnsTable({
             <table className="w-full text-sm">
               <thead>
                 <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">#</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Name</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Type</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Nullable</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Comment</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("discovery.columnHash")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("discovery.columnName")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("discovery.columnType")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("discovery.columnNullable")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("discovery.columnComment")}</th>
                 </tr>
               </thead>
               <tbody>
@@ -310,7 +313,7 @@ function ColumnsTable({
                         variant={col.nullable ? "outline" : "default"}
                         className="text-xs"
                       >
-                        {col.nullable ? "yes" : "no"}
+                        {col.nullable ? t("common.yes") : t("common.no")}
                       </Badge>
                     </td>
                     <td className="p-3 text-muted-foreground max-w-xs truncate">
@@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ function ColumnsTable({
 
         {!isLoading && !error && columns.length === 0 && (
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm text-center py-4">
-            No columns found for this table.
+            {t("discovery.noColumns")}
           </p>
         )}
       </CardContent>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/home.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/home.tsx
index 50084619a..aa9fa55be 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/home.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/home.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createFileRoute, Link } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import {
   Zap,
@@ -12,14 +13,15 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/home")({
   component: LandingPage,
 });
 
-const highlights = [
-  { icon: <Layers className="h-4 w-4" />, text: "Unity Catalog integration" },
-  { icon: <Zap className="h-4 w-4" />, text: "AI-powered rule generation" },
-  { icon: <Clock className="h-4 w-4" />, text: "Scheduled rule execution" },
-  { icon: <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4" />, text: "Role-based approval workflow" },
-];
-
 function LandingPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const highlights = [
+    { icon: <Layers className="h-4 w-4" />, text: t("home.highlights.uc") },
+    { icon: <Zap className="h-4 w-4" />, text: t("home.highlights.ai") },
+    { icon: <Clock className="h-4 w-4" />, text: t("home.highlights.schedule") },
+    { icon: <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4" />, text: t("home.highlights.rbac") },
+  ];
+
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center -mt-4">
       <section className="flex flex-col items-center text-center px-6 pt-14 pb-12 w-full">
@@ -30,18 +32,17 @@ function LandingPage() {
           </h1>
         </div>
         <p className="text-lg text-muted-foreground max-w-2xl leading-relaxed mb-8">
-          Monitor, validate, and improve data quality across your Databricks
-          Lakehouse — with automated rules, scheduling, and approval workflows.
+          {t("home.subtitle")}
         </p>
         <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-3">
           <Button asChild size="lg" className="gap-2">
             <Link to="/rules/create">
-              Get Started
+              {t("home.getStarted")}
               <ArrowRight className="h-4 w-4" />
             </Link>
           </Button>
           <Button asChild variant="outline" size="lg">
-            <Link to="/rules">View Rules</Link>
+            <Link to="/rules">{t("home.viewRules")}</Link>
           </Button>
         </div>
 
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profile.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profile.tsx
index d91dba624..01f5fbcf8 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profile.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profile.tsx
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ import { createFileRoute, Link } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { Suspense } from "react";
 import { QueryErrorResetBoundary } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { ErrorBoundary } from "react-error-boundary";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { useCurrentUserSuspense } from "@/lib/api";
 import selector from "@/lib/selector";
+import LanguageSelector from "@/components/apx/LanguageSelector";
 import {
   Card,
   CardContent,
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ import {
   AlertCircle,
   CheckCircle,
   XCircle,
+  Settings2,
 } from "lucide-react";
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/profile")({
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/profile")({
 
 function ProfileContent() {
   const { data: user } = useCurrentUserSuspense(selector());
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const getInitials = () => {
     if (user.name?.given_name && user.name?.family_name) {
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ function ProfileContent() {
 
   return (
     <div className="space-y-4">
-      <PageBreadcrumb page="Profile" />
+      <PageBreadcrumb page={t("profile.breadcrumb")} />
       {/* Header Card */}
       <Card className="border-primary/20">
         <CardContent className="pt-4">
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ function ProfileContent() {
             <div className="flex-1 text-center md:text-left space-y-1.5">
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 justify-center md:justify-start">
                 <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold">
-                  {user.display_name || user.user_name || "User"}
+                  {user.display_name || user.user_name || t("common.user")}
                 </h1>
                 {user.active !== null && (
                   <Badge
@@ -76,12 +80,12 @@ function ProfileContent() {
                     {user.active ? (
                       <>
                         <CheckCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-                        Active
+                        {t("common.active")}
                       </>
                     ) : (
                       <>
                         <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-                        Inactive
+                        {t("common.inactive")}
                       </>
                     )}
                   </Badge>
@@ -100,6 +104,20 @@ function ProfileContent() {
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
 
+      {/* Preferences */}
+      <Card className="border-primary/20">
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <Settings2 className="h-5 w-5" />
+            {t("profile.preferencesTitle")}
+          </CardTitle>
+          <CardDescription>{t("profile.preferencesDescription")}</CardDescription>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <LanguageSelector />
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
       {/* User Details Grid */}
       <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
         {/* Personal Information */}
@@ -107,9 +125,9 @@ function ProfileContent() {
           <CardHeader>
             <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
               <User className="h-5 w-5" />
-              Personal Information
+              {t("profile.personalInfoTitle")}
             </CardTitle>
-            <CardDescription>Basic user details</CardDescription>
+            <CardDescription>{t("profile.personalInfoDescription")}</CardDescription>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent className="space-y-3">
             {user.name && (
@@ -117,7 +135,7 @@ function ProfileContent() {
                 {user.name.given_name && (
                   <div>
                     <p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                      First Name
+                      {t("profile.firstName")}
                     </p>
                     <p className="text-lg">{user.name.given_name}</p>
                   </div>
@@ -127,7 +145,7 @@ function ProfileContent() {
                     <Separator />
                     <div>
                       <p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                        Last Name
+                        {t("profile.lastName")}
                       </p>
                       <p className="text-lg">{user.name.family_name}</p>
                     </div>
@@ -140,7 +158,7 @@ function ProfileContent() {
                 <Separator />
                 <div>
                   <p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                    External ID
+                    {t("profile.externalId")}
                   </p>
                   <p className="text-sm font-mono">{user.external_id}</p>
                 </div>
@@ -154,9 +172,9 @@ function ProfileContent() {
           <CardHeader>
             <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
               <Mail className="h-5 w-5" />
-              Contact Information
+              {t("profile.contactInfoTitle")}
             </CardTitle>
-            <CardDescription>Email addresses</CardDescription>
+            <CardDescription>{t("profile.contactInfoDescription")}</CardDescription>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent className="space-y-3">
             {user.emails && user.emails.length > 0 ? (
@@ -167,20 +185,20 @@ function ProfileContent() {
                     <p className="text-sm break-all">{email.value}</p>
                     {email.primary && (
                       <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs">
-                        Primary
+                        {t("common.primary")}
                       </Badge>
                     )}
                   </div>
                   {email.type && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-1">
-                      Type: {email.type}
+                      {t("profile.emailType", { type: email.type })}
                     </p>
                   )}
                 </div>
               ))
             ) : (
               <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                No email addresses available
+                {t("profile.noEmails")}
               </p>
             )}
           </CardContent>
@@ -192,10 +210,10 @@ function ProfileContent() {
             <CardHeader>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <Shield className="h-5 w-5" />
-                Roles
+                {t("profile.rolesTitle")}
               </CardTitle>
               <CardDescription>
-                User roles and permissions ({user.roles.length})
+                {t("profile.rolesDescription", { count: user.roles.length })}
               </CardDescription>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent>
@@ -218,10 +236,10 @@ function ProfileContent() {
             <CardHeader>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <Users className="h-5 w-5" />
-                Groups
+                {t("profile.groupsTitle")}
               </CardTitle>
               <CardDescription>
-                User group memberships ({user.groups.length})
+                {t("profile.groupsDescription", { count: user.groups.length })}
               </CardDescription>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent>
@@ -248,10 +266,10 @@ function ProfileContent() {
             <CardHeader>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <Shield className="h-5 w-5" />
-                Entitlements
+                {t("profile.entitlementsTitle")}
               </CardTitle>
               <CardDescription>
-                User entitlements ({user.entitlements.length})
+                {t("profile.entitlementsDescription", { count: user.entitlements.length })}
               </CardDescription>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent>
@@ -308,6 +326,33 @@ function ProfileSkeleton() {
   );
 }
 
+function ProfileErrorFallback({
+  resetErrorBoundary,
+}: {
+  resetErrorBoundary: () => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return (
+    <Card className="border-destructive/50">
+      <CardHeader>
+        <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-destructive">
+          <AlertCircle className="h-5 w-5" />
+          {t("profile.loadFailedTitle")}
+        </CardTitle>
+        <CardDescription>{t("profile.loadFailedDescription")}</CardDescription>
+      </CardHeader>
+      <CardContent className="flex gap-2">
+        <Button variant="outline" onClick={resetErrorBoundary}>
+          {t("common.tryAgain")}
+        </Button>
+        <Button variant="outline" asChild>
+          <Link to="/">{t("common.goHome")}</Link>
+        </Button>
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
+
 function Profile() {
   return (
     <QueryErrorResetBoundary>
@@ -315,26 +360,7 @@ function Profile() {
         <ErrorBoundary
           onReset={reset}
           fallbackRender={({ resetErrorBoundary }) => (
-            <Card className="border-destructive/50">
-              <CardHeader>
-                <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-destructive">
-                  <AlertCircle className="h-5 w-5" />
-                  Failed to Load Profile
-                </CardTitle>
-                <CardDescription>
-                  There was an error loading your profile information. Make sure
-                  the backend is running and you're authenticated.
-                </CardDescription>
-              </CardHeader>
-              <CardContent className="flex gap-2">
-                <Button variant="outline" onClick={resetErrorBoundary}>
-                  Try Again
-                </Button>
-                <Button variant="outline" asChild>
-                  <Link to="/">Go Home</Link>
-                </Button>
-              </CardContent>
-            </Card>
+            <ProfileErrorFallback resetErrorBoundary={resetErrorBoundary} />
           )}
         >
           <Suspense fallback={<ProfileSkeleton />}>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profiler.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profiler.tsx
index 5378fe76a..463f2ac11 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profiler.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/profiler.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createFileRoute, Link, Navigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { formatDateTime as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-utils";
 import { useState, useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useMemo, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import {
@@ -139,31 +140,32 @@ interface ActiveBatchRun {
 // Helpers
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-function statusBadge(status: string | null | undefined) {
+function ProfilerStatusBadge({ status }: { status: string | null | undefined }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   switch (status) {
     case "SUCCESS":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-green-500 text-green-600">
           <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Success
+          {t("profiler.successBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "FAILED":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-red-500 text-red-600">
           <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Failed
+          {t("profiler.failedBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "RUNNING":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-blue-500 text-blue-600">
           <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-          Running
+          {t("profiler.runningBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     default:
-      return <Badge variant="secondary">{status ?? "Unknown"}</Badge>;
+      return <Badge variant="secondary">{status ?? t("profiler.unknownBadge")}</Badge>;
   }
 }
 
@@ -290,6 +292,7 @@ function useSort<K extends string>(defaultKey: K, defaultDir: SortDir = "desc")
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function ProfilerPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { canCreateRules } = usePermissions();
   if (!canCreateRules) return <Navigate to="/rules/active" replace />;
 
@@ -498,12 +501,12 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         try {
           const resp = await resultsQuery.refetch();
           if (resp.data?.data) setResults(resp.data.data);
-          toast.success("Profiling complete");
+          toast.success(t("profiler.profilingComplete"));
         } catch {
-          toast.error("Failed to fetch profiler results");
+          toast.error(t("profiler.failedFetchResults"));
         }
       } else {
-        toast.error(`Profiling failed: ${status.message || "Unknown error"}`);
+        toast.error(t("profiler.profilingFailed", { message: status.message || t("common.unknownError") }));
       }
       setJobRunId(null);
       setViewFqn(null);
@@ -511,7 +514,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
       refetchRuns();
     },
     onError: () => {
-      toast.error("Failed to check profiler status");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.failedCheckStatus"));
     },
   });
 
@@ -605,7 +608,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
   const handleSingleRun = async () => {
     const tableFqn = selectedTables[0];
     if (!tableFqn || !parseTableFqn(tableFqn)) {
-      toast.error("Select a table first");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.selectTableFirst"));
       return;
     }
     try {
@@ -632,7 +635,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         mode: "single",
         submittedAt: Date.now(),
       });
-      toast.info("Profiling job submitted — waiting for results...");
+      toast.info(t("profiler.submittedWaiting"));
     } catch (err) {
       // Surface the backend's detail message to the user instead of a
       // generic "Failed to submit". The most common cause is a missing
@@ -644,7 +647,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         isAxiosError(err) && err.response?.status === 403;
       toast.error(detail, {
         description: isPermission
-          ? "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions, then try again."
+          ? t("profiler.permissionHint")
           : undefined,
         duration: isPermission ? 12_000 : 8_000,
       });
@@ -652,7 +655,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
   };
 
   const handleBatchRun = async () => {
-    if (selectedTables.length === 0) { toast.error("Select at least one table"); return; }
+    if (selectedTables.length === 0) { toast.error(t("profiler.selectAtLeastOneTable")); return; }
     try {
       setResults(null);
       setRunId(null);
@@ -695,12 +698,8 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
       );
       const failures = resp.data.errors ?? [];
       if (newRuns.length > 0) {
-        toast.info(`${newRuns.length} profiling jobs submitted`);
+        toast.info(t("profiler.jobsSubmitted", { count: newRuns.length }));
       }
-      // Surface every per-table failure as its own toast so the user
-      // can see *which* tables failed and *why* (e.g. missing USE
-      // SCHEMA on a specific catalog/schema). Capped at 3 toasts to
-      // avoid flooding the screen — anything beyond gets summarised.
       if (failures.length > 0) {
         const previewCount = Math.min(failures.length, 3);
         for (const f of failures.slice(0, previewCount)) {
@@ -708,14 +707,14 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
           toast.error(`${tableShort}: ${f.error}`, {
             description:
               f.error_code === "INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSIONS"
-                ? "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions on this table."
+                ? t("profiler.permissionHintTable")
                 : undefined,
             duration: 12_000,
           });
         }
         if (failures.length > previewCount) {
           toast.error(
-            `… and ${failures.length - previewCount} more table(s) failed to submit`,
+            t("profiler.moreFailed", { count: failures.length - previewCount }),
             { duration: 8_000 },
           );
         }
@@ -726,7 +725,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         isAxiosError(err) && err.response?.status === 403;
       toast.error(detail, {
         description: isPermission
-          ? "Ask your workspace admin to grant the required Unity Catalog permissions on the selected tables, then try again."
+          ? t("profiler.permissionHintBatch")
           : undefined,
         duration: isPermission ? 12_000 : 8_000,
       });
@@ -751,7 +750,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         job_run_id: jobRunId,
         view_fqn: viewFqn ?? undefined,
       });
-      toast.info("Profiling run canceled");
+      toast.info(t("profiler.runCanceled"));
       polling.stopPolling();
       removeStoredRun(runId);
       setJobRunId(null);
@@ -759,7 +758,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
       setStartedAt(null);
       refetchRuns();
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to cancel run");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.failedCancelRun"));
     } finally {
       setIsCancellingSingle(false);
     }
@@ -776,13 +775,13 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
       setBatchRuns((prev) =>
         prev.map((r) =>
           r.runId === run.runId
-            ? { ...r, state: "failed" as const, message: "Canceled by user" }
+            ? { ...r, state: "failed" as const, message: t("profiler.canceledByUser") }
             : r,
         ),
       );
-      toast.info(`Canceled profiling for ${run.tableFqn.split(".").pop()}`);
+      toast.info(t("profiler.canceledFor", { table: run.tableFqn.split(".").pop() ?? "" }));
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to cancel run");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.failedCancelRun"));
     } finally {
       setCancellingBatchRunIds((prev) => {
         const next = new Set(prev);
@@ -817,7 +816,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
   /** Batch API for multi-table or single-table without column subset; single-table API when columns are chosen. */
   const handleProfileRun = async () => {
     if (selectedTables.length === 0) {
-      toast.error("Select at least one table");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.selectAtLeastOneTable"));
       return;
     }
     if (selectedTables.length === 1 && selectedColumns.length > 0) {
@@ -830,11 +829,11 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb items={[{ label: "Create Rules", to: "/rules/create" }]} page="Profile & generate" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb items={[{ label: t("rulesCreate.breadcrumb"), to: "/rules/create" }]} page={t("profiler.breadcrumb")} />
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Profile & generate</h1>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("profiler.title")}</h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-            Profile tables to generate data quality rule suggestions based on data distribution.
+            {t("profiler.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -844,10 +843,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <BarChart3 className="h-5 w-5" />
-            New Profile Run
+            {t("profiler.newRunTitle")}
           </CardTitle>
           <CardDescription>
-            Select one or more tables (or an entire schema), configure sampling, and run the profiler.
+            {t("profiler.newRunDescription")}
           </CardDescription>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent className="space-y-4">
@@ -862,7 +861,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
           {selectedTables.length > 0 && (
             <div className="space-y-1.5">
               <p className="text-sm font-medium">
-                {selectedTables.length} table{selectedTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} selected
+                {t("profiler.tablesSelected", { count: selectedTables.length })}
               </p>
               <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
                 {selectedTables.map((t) => (
@@ -884,7 +883,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 
           <div className="flex items-end gap-4">
             <div className="grid gap-2 max-w-xs">
-              <Label htmlFor="sample-limit">Sample Limit (rows)</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="sample-limit">{t("profiler.sampleLimit")}</Label>
               <Input
                 id="sample-limit"
                 type="number"
@@ -896,7 +895,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                 min={1}
                 max={100_000}
               />
-              <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Max 100,000 rows per table</p>
+              <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("profiler.maxSampleLimit")}</p>
             </div>
 
             {isBusy ? (
@@ -912,8 +911,8 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                   <XCircle className="h-4 w-4" />
                 )}
                 {isBatchPolling
-                  ? `Stop All (${batchCompleted}/${batchTotal})`
-                  : "Stop Run"}
+                  ? t("profiler.stopAll", { done: batchCompleted, total: batchTotal })
+                  : t("profiler.stopRun")}
               </Button>
             ) : (
               <Button
@@ -923,8 +922,8 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
               >
                 <Play className="h-4 w-4" />
                 {selectedTables.length > 1
-                  ? `Run ${selectedTables.length} Tables`
-                  : "Run Profile"}
+                  ? t("profiler.runTables", { count: selectedTables.length })
+                  : t("profiler.runProfile")}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -939,7 +938,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
               type="button"
             >
               <Settings2 className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Advanced Options
+              {t("profiler.advancedOptions")}
               <ChevronDown
                 className={`h-3 w-3 transition-transform ${advancedOpen ? "rotate-180" : ""}`}
               />
@@ -947,27 +946,27 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
             {advancedOpen && (
               <div className="mt-3 space-y-4 rounded-lg border p-4">
                 <div className="grid gap-2">
-                  <Label htmlFor="filter-sql">Row Filter (SQL WHERE clause)</Label>
+                  <Label htmlFor="filter-sql">{t("profiler.rowFilter")}</Label>
                   <Input
                     id="filter-sql"
-                    placeholder="e.g. status = 'active' AND year >= 2024"
+                    placeholder={t("profiler.rowFilterPlaceholder")}
                     value={filterSql}
                     onChange={(e) => setFilterSql(e.target.value)}
                     disabled={isBusy}
                   />
                   <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    Optional SQL condition applied before profiling.
-                    {selectedTables.length > 1 && " Applied to all selected tables."}
+                    {t("profiler.rowFilterHint")}
+                    {selectedTables.length > 1 && t("profiler.rowFilterAllTables")}
                   </p>
                 </div>
 
                 {selectedTables.length === 1 && availableColumns.length > 0 && (
                   <div className="grid gap-2">
                     <Label>
-                      Columns to Profile
+                      {t("profiler.columnsToProfile")}
                       {selectedColumns.length > 0 && (
                         <span className="ml-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                          ({selectedColumns.length} selected)
+                          {t("profiler.columnsSelected", { count: selectedColumns.length })}
                         </span>
                       )}
                     </Label>
@@ -994,20 +993,20 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                         className="text-xs text-muted-foreground underline self-start"
                         onClick={() => setSelectedColumns([])}
                       >
-                        Clear selection (profile all)
+                        {t("profiler.clearSelectionProfileAll")}
                       </button>
                     )}
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Click to toggle. No selection = profile all columns.
+                      {t("profiler.toggleColumnsHint")}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                 )}
 
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                   <div className="grid gap-0.5">
-                    <Label htmlFor="remove-outliers">Remove Outliers</Label>
+                    <Label htmlFor="remove-outliers">{t("profiler.removeOutliers")}</Label>
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Exclude statistical outliers when computing min/max range checks.
+                      {t("profiler.removeOutliersHint")}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                   <Switch
@@ -1020,7 +1019,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 
                 {removeOutliers && (
                   <div className="grid gap-2 max-w-xs">
-                    <Label htmlFor="num-sigmas">Outlier Threshold (σ)</Label>
+                    <Label htmlFor="num-sigmas">{t("profiler.outlierThreshold")}</Label>
                     <Input
                       id="num-sigmas"
                       type="number"
@@ -1032,16 +1031,16 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                       step={0.5}
                     />
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Standard deviations from mean to consider an outlier (default: 3).
+                      {t("profiler.outlierThresholdHint")}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                 )}
 
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                   <div className="grid gap-0.5">
-                    <Label htmlFor="llm-pk">LLM Primary Key Detection</Label>
+                    <Label htmlFor="llm-pk">{t("profiler.llmPkDetection")}</Label>
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Use AI to detect primary key columns and generate uniqueness checks.
+                      {t("profiler.llmPkHint")}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                   <Switch
@@ -1061,11 +1060,11 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm">
                 <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin text-blue-500" />
                 <span className="font-medium">
-                  {polling.status?.state ?? "Submitting..."}
+                  {polling.status?.state ?? t("profiler.submitting")}
                 </span>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground tabular-nums ml-auto">
-                  {elapsedSeconds}s elapsed
-                  {etaSeconds != null && ` · ~${formatDuration(etaSeconds)} estimated`}
+                  {t("profiler.elapsed", { seconds: elapsedSeconds })}
+                  {etaSeconds != null && t("profiler.estimated", { duration: formatDuration(etaSeconds) })}
                 </span>
                 <Button
                   variant="outline"
@@ -1079,7 +1078,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                   ) : (
                     <XCircle className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                   )}
-                  Stop
+                  {t("profiler.stop")}
                 </Button>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -1096,8 +1095,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                     <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4 text-green-500" />
                   )}
                   {isBatchPolling
-                    ? `Profiling in progress — ${batchCompleted} of ${batchTotal} complete`
-                    : `Batch complete — ${batchSucceeded} succeeded${batchFailed > 0 ? `, ${batchFailed} failed` : ""}`}
+                    ? t("profiler.profilingInProgress", { done: batchCompleted, total: batchTotal })
+                    : batchFailed > 0
+                      ? t("profiler.batchCompleteWithFailed", { succeeded: batchSucceeded, failed: batchFailed })
+                      : t("profiler.batchComplete", { succeeded: batchSucceeded })}
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                   <span className="text-muted-foreground text-xs tabular-nums">
@@ -1111,7 +1112,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                       onClick={handleCancelAllBatch}
                     >
                       <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-                      Stop All
+                      {t("profiler.stopAllShort")}
                     </Button>
                   )}
                 </div>
@@ -1137,12 +1138,12 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                     <code className="font-mono truncate flex-1">{run.tableFqn}</code>
                     <span className="text-muted-foreground shrink-0">
                       {run.state === "running"
-                        ? "running"
+                        ? t("common.running")
                         : run.state === "success"
                           ? run.result
-                            ? `${run.result.rows_profiled?.toLocaleString() ?? "?"} rows · ${run.result.generated_rules?.length ?? 0} rules`
-                            : "done"
-                          : run.message ?? "failed"}
+                            ? t("profiler.rulesGenCountAndCount", { rows: run.result.rows_profiled?.toLocaleString() ?? "?", count: run.result.generated_rules?.length ?? 0 })
+                            : t("common.done")
+                          : run.message ?? t("common.failed")}
                     </span>
                     {run.state === "running" && (
                       <Button
@@ -1178,7 +1179,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
             <>
               <Separator />
               <div className="space-y-4">
-                <h3 className="text-sm font-semibold">Results by Table</h3>
+                <h3 className="text-sm font-semibold">{t("profiler.resultsByTable")}</h3>
                 {batchRuns.map((run) =>
                   run.state === "success" && run.result ? (
                     <BatchTableResult key={run.runId} run={run} />
@@ -1206,13 +1207,13 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
             <div>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <History className="h-5 w-5" />
-                Run History
+                {t("profiler.runHistory")}
               </CardTitle>
               <CardDescription>
                 {runsLoading
-                  ? "Loading..."
-                  : `${runs.length} run${runs.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}${
-                      runs.length !== allRuns.length ? ` (filtered from ${allRuns.length})` : ""
+                  ? t("common.loading")
+                  : `${t("profiler.runs", { count: runs.length })}${
+                      runs.length !== allRuns.length ? t("profiler.filteredFrom", { total: allRuns.length }) : ""
                     }`}
               </CardDescription>
             </div>
@@ -1224,11 +1225,11 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                 onClick={() => setMyRunsOnly((prev) => !prev)}
               >
                 <User className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                My runs
+                {t("profiler.myRuns")}
               </Button>
               <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={() => refetchRuns()} className="h-8 gap-1.5 text-xs">
                 <Clock className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                Refresh
+                {t("common.refresh")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -1236,10 +1237,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap pt-2">
             <Select value={hCatalogFilter} onValueChange={handleHCatalogChange}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px] h-8 text-xs">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Catalogs" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("profiler.allCatalogs")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Catalogs</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("profiler.allCatalogs")}</SelectItem>
                 {hCatalogs.map((cat) => (
                   <SelectItem key={cat} value={cat}>{cat}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -1248,10 +1249,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 
             <Select value={hSchemaFilter} onValueChange={handleHSchemaChange} disabled={hCatalogFilter === "all"}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px] h-8 text-xs">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Schemas" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("profiler.allSchemas")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Schemas</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("profiler.allSchemas")}</SelectItem>
                 {hAvailableSchemas.map((sch) => (
                   <SelectItem key={sch} value={sch}>{sch}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -1260,10 +1261,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 
             <Select value={hTableFilter} onValueChange={setHTableFilter} disabled={hSchemaFilter === "all"}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[180px] h-8 text-xs">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Tables" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("profiler.allTables")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Tables</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("profiler.allTables")}</SelectItem>
                 {hAvailableTables.map((tbl) => (
                   <SelectItem key={tbl} value={tbl}>{tbl}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -1282,7 +1283,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                   setMyRunsOnly(false);
                 }}
               >
-                Clear filters
+                {t("common.clearFilters")}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -1298,7 +1299,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 
           {!runsLoading && runs.length === 0 && (
             <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground text-center py-6">
-              No profiling runs yet. Run the profiler above to get started.
+              {t("profiler.noRuns")}
             </p>
           )}
 
@@ -1309,24 +1310,24 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                 <thead>
                   <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="Table" sortKey="table" active={pSortKey === "table"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("profiler.tableHeader")} sortKey="table" active={pSortKey === "table"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
                     </th>
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="Status" sortKey="status" active={pSortKey === "status"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("common.status")} sortKey="status" active={pSortKey === "status"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
                     </th>
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="Rows" sortKey="rows" active={pSortKey === "rows"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("profiler.rowsHeader")} sortKey="rows" active={pSortKey === "rows"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
                     </th>
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="Duration" sortKey="duration" active={pSortKey === "duration"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("profiler.durationHeader")} sortKey="duration" active={pSortKey === "duration"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
                     </th>
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="Started" sortKey="started" active={pSortKey === "started"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort}>
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("profiler.startedHeader")} sortKey="started" active={pSortKey === "started"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort}>
                         <Clock className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                       </SortableHeader>
                     </th>
                     <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                      <SortableHeader label="By" sortKey="by" active={pSortKey === "by"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
+                      <SortableHeader label={t("profiler.byHeader")} sortKey="by" active={pSortKey === "by"} direction={pSortDir} onSort={handleProfileSort} />
                     </th>
                     <th className="p-3"></th>
                   </tr>
@@ -1342,10 +1343,10 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                       </td>
                       <td className="p-3">
                         <div className="flex flex-col gap-0.5">
-                          {statusBadge(run.status)}
+                          <ProfilerStatusBadge status={run.status} />
                           {run.status === "CANCELED" && run.canceled_by && (
-                            <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground" title={`Canceled by ${run.canceled_by}`}>
-                              by {run.canceled_by.split("@")[0]}
+                            <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground" title={t("profiler.canceledFor", { table: run.canceled_by })}>
+                              {t("profiler.canceledByPrefix")}{run.canceled_by.split("@")[0]}
                             </span>
                           )}
                         </div>
@@ -1371,7 +1372,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
                             onClick={() => setHistoryRunId(run.run_id)}
                           >
                             <Eye className="h-3 w-3" />
-                            View
+                            {t("profiler.viewBtn")}
                           </Button>
                         )}
                       </td>
@@ -1439,7 +1440,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
       <Dialog open={historyRunId !== null} onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setHistoryRunId(null)}>
         <DialogContent className="max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto">
           <DialogHeader>
-            <DialogTitle>Profile Run Results</DialogTitle>
+            <DialogTitle>{t("profiler.profileRunResults")}</DialogTitle>
             <DialogDescription>
               {runs.find((r) => r.run_id === historyRunId)?.source_table_fqn ?? ""}
               {" · "}
@@ -1456,7 +1457,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
           {historyResultsQuery.isError && (
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-destructive py-4">
               <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Failed to load results.
+              {t("profiler.failedToLoadResults")}
             </div>
           )}
           {historyResultsQuery.data?.data && (
@@ -1476,6 +1477,7 @@ function ProfilerPage() {
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function BatchTableResult({ run }: { run: ActiveBatchRun }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
   const tableName = run.tableFqn.split(".").pop() ?? run.tableFqn;
 
@@ -1489,8 +1491,7 @@ function BatchTableResult({ run }: { run: ActiveBatchRun }) {
         <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4 text-green-500 shrink-0" />
         <code className="font-mono font-medium flex-1">{tableName}</code>
         <span className="text-muted-foreground text-xs">
-          {run.result?.rows_profiled?.toLocaleString() ?? "?"} rows ·{" "}
-          {run.result?.generated_rules?.length ?? 0} rules generated
+          {t("profiler.rulesGenCountAndCount", { rows: run.result?.rows_profiled?.toLocaleString() ?? "?", count: run.result?.generated_rules?.length ?? 0 })}
         </span>
         <ChevronDown
           className={`h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground transition-transform ${expanded ? "rotate-180" : ""}`}
@@ -1516,6 +1517,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
   results: ProfileResultsOut;
   tableFqn: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const saveRules = useSaveRules();
   const [added, setAdded] = useState(false);
   const [selectedRules, setSelectedRules] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
@@ -1611,9 +1613,9 @@ function ProfileResults({
     try {
       await saveRules.mutateAsync({ data: { table_fqn: tableFqn, checks: normalizedRules } });
       setAdded(true);
-      toast.success(`${normalizedRules.length} rules saved as drafts for ${tableFqn}`);
+      toast.success(t("profiler.savedAsDrafts", { count: normalizedRules.length, table: tableFqn }));
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to add rules");
+      toast.error(t("profiler.failedAddRules"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -1633,17 +1635,17 @@ function ProfileResults({
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums">
             {results.rows_profiled?.toLocaleString() ?? "—"}
           </div>
-          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Rows Profiled</div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("profiler.rowsProfiled")}</div>
         </div>
         <div className="rounded-lg border p-3 text-center">
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums">{results.columns_profiled ?? "—"}</div>
-          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Columns</div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("profiler.columnsLabel")}</div>
         </div>
         <div className="rounded-lg border p-3 text-center">
           <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums">
             {results.duration_seconds != null ? formatDuration(results.duration_seconds) : "—"}
           </div>
-          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Duration</div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("profiler.durationLabel")}</div>
         </div>
       </div>
 
@@ -1652,12 +1654,12 @@ function ProfileResults({
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
             <h4 className="text-sm font-medium flex items-center gap-1.5">
               <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4 text-green-500" />
-              Generated Rules ({allRules.length})
+              {t("profiler.generatedRules", { count: allRules.length })}
             </h4>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
               {added && (
                 <Button size="sm" variant="default" className="gap-1.5" asChild>
-                  <Link to="/rules/drafts">View in Drafts & Review</Link>
+                  <Link to="/rules/drafts">{t("profiler.viewInDrafts")}</Link>
                 </Button>
               )}
               <Button
@@ -1674,7 +1676,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
                 ) : (
                   <Plus className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                 )}
-                {added ? "Saved to Drafts" : `Add ${selectedCount} Selected`}
+                {added ? t("profiler.savedToDrafts") : t("profiler.addSelected", { count: selectedCount })}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -1696,7 +1698,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
                       : "hover:bg-muted"
                   }`}
                 >
-                  {f === "all" ? "All" : f === "error" ? "Error" : "Warning"}
+                  {f === "all" ? t("common.all") : f === "error" ? t("common.error") : t("common.warning")}
                 </button>
               ))}
             </div>
@@ -1708,7 +1710,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
                 onClick={handleSelectAll}
                 disabled={added || allFilteredSelected || newRulesCount === 0}
               >
-                Select All
+                {t("common.selectAll")}
               </Button>
               <Button
                 variant="outline"
@@ -1717,13 +1719,13 @@ function ProfileResults({
                 onClick={handleSelectNone}
                 disabled={added || selectedCount === 0}
               >
-                Select None
+                {t("common.selectNone")}
               </Button>
             </div>
             <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground ml-auto">
-              {selectedCount} of {newRulesCount} new selected
+              {t("profiler.selectedOf", { selected: selectedCount, newCount: newRulesCount })}
               {existingCount > 0 && (
-                <span className="ml-1 text-green-600">({existingCount} already in catalog)</span>
+                <span className="ml-1 text-green-600">{t("profiler.alreadyInCatalog", { count: existingCount })}</span>
               )}
             </span>
           </div>
@@ -1733,9 +1735,9 @@ function ProfileResults({
               <thead>
                 <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
                   <th className="w-8 p-2"></th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Function</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Column</th>
-                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Criticality</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("profiler.headerFunction")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("profiler.headerColumn")}</th>
+                  <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("profiler.headerCriticality")}</th>
                 </tr>
               </thead>
               <tbody>
@@ -1778,7 +1780,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
                         {String(check.function ?? "—")}
                         {ruleExists && (
                           <Badge variant="outline" className="ml-2 text-[10px] py-0 px-1 text-green-600 border-green-600">
-                            Added
+                            {t("profiler.addedBadge")}
                           </Badge>
                         )}
                       </td>
@@ -1800,7 +1802,7 @@ function ProfileResults({
       {allRules.length === 0 && (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
           <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4" />
-          No rules were generated from the profiling data.
+          {t("profiler.noRulesGenerated")}
         </div>
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/route.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/route.tsx
index 9dc688f55..193cbc76f 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/route.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/route.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import SidebarLayout from "@/components/apx/SidebarLayout";
 import { createFileRoute, Link, useLocation } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import {
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar")({
 function Layout() {
   const location = useLocation();
   const { canCreateRules, canRunRules } = usePermissions();
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const isCreateActive =
     location.pathname.startsWith("/rules/create") ||
@@ -44,26 +46,26 @@ function Layout() {
   const createChildren = [
     {
       to: "/rules/single-table",
-      label: "Single table rules",
+      label: t("sidebar.singleTableRules"),
       icon: <Sparkles size={14} />,
       match: (path: string) =>
         path.startsWith("/rules/single-table") || path.startsWith("/rules/create"),
     },
     {
       to: "/rules/create-sql",
-      label: "Cross-table rules",
+      label: t("sidebar.crossTableRules"),
       icon: <Database size={14} />,
       match: (path: string) => path.startsWith("/rules/create-sql"),
     },
     {
       to: "/profiler",
-      label: "Profile & generate",
+      label: t("sidebar.profileAndGenerate"),
       icon: <BarChart3 size={14} />,
       match: (path: string) => path.startsWith("/profiler"),
     },
     {
       to: "/rules/import",
-      label: "Import rules",
+      label: t("sidebar.importRules"),
       icon: <Upload size={14} />,
       match: (path: string) => path.startsWith("/rules/import"),
     },
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ function Layout() {
                 )}
               >
                 <PenLine size={16} />
-                <span className="flex-1 text-left">Create Rules</span>
+                <span className="flex-1 text-left">{t("sidebar.createRules")}</span>
                 <ChevronDown
                   size={14}
                   className={cn(
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ function Layout() {
                 )}
               >
                 <ClipboardCheck size={16} />
-                <span>Drafts & Review</span>
+                <span>{t("sidebar.draftsAndReview")}</span>
               </Link>
             </SidebarMenuItem>
 
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ function Layout() {
                 )}
               >
                 <ShieldCheck size={16} />
-                <span>Active Rules</span>
+                <span>{t("sidebar.activeRules")}</span>
               </Link>
             </SidebarMenuItem>
 
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ function Layout() {
                 )}
               >
                 <PlayCircle size={16} />
-                <span>Run Rules</span>
+                <span>{t("sidebar.runRules")}</span>
               </Link>
             </SidebarMenuItem>
             )}
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ function Layout() {
                 )}
               >
                 <History size={16} />
-                <span>Runs History</span>
+                <span>{t("sidebar.runsHistory")}</span>
               </Link>
             </SidebarMenuItem>
           </SidebarMenu>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
index 74b3af16c..0f05591b8 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useState, Suspense, useMemo } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import {
   Card,
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ function ActiveRulesSkeleton() {
 type ViewMode = "by-table" | "by-rule" | "sql-checks";
 
 function ActiveRulesPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const [viewMode, setViewMode] = useState<ViewMode>("by-table");
   const [catalogFilter, setCatalogFilter] = useState("all");
@@ -215,10 +217,10 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
     setPendingDelete(ruleId);
     try {
       await deleteRuleById(ruleId);
-      toast.success("Rule deleted");
+      toast.success(t("rulesActive.ruleDeleted"));
       refetch();
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to delete rule");
+      toast.error(t("rulesActive.failedDelete"));
     } finally {
       setPendingDelete(null);
     }
@@ -279,7 +281,7 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
     a.download = filename;
     a.click();
     URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
-    toast.success(`Exported ${rules.length} rule(s) as YAML`);
+    toast.success(t("rulesActive.exportedRulesCount", { count: rules.length }));
   };
 
   const handleExportAll = () => {
@@ -295,25 +297,25 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page="Active Rules" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page={t("rulesActive.breadcrumb")} />
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
           <div>
-            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Active rules</h1>
+            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("rulesActive.title")}</h1>
             <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-              Approved rules currently enforced on your tables.
+              {t("rulesActive.subtitle")}
             </p>
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
             {canExportRules && filteredRules.length > 0 && (
               <Button variant="outline" onClick={handleExportAll} className="gap-2">
                 <Download className="h-4 w-4" />
-                Export YAML
+                {t("rulesActive.exportYaml")}
               </Button>
             )}
             {canCreateRules && (
               <Button onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/rules/create" })} className="gap-2">
                 <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-                Create rules
+                {t("rulesActive.createRules")}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -327,12 +329,12 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
               <div>
                 <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                   <ShieldCheck className="h-5 w-5" />
-                  Approved rule sets
+                  {t("rulesActive.approvedRuleSets")}
                 </CardTitle>
                 <CardDescription>
                   {isLoading
-                    ? "Loading..."
-                    : `${filteredRules.length} table${filteredRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} · ${totalCheckCount} total checks`}
+                    ? t("common.loading")
+                    : t("rulesActive.tablesAndChecks", { tables: filteredRules.length, tablesPlural: filteredRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : "", checks: totalCheckCount })}
                 </CardDescription>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -340,10 +342,10 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
               <Select value={catalogFilter} onValueChange={handleCatalogChange}>
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="All Catalogs" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("common.selectCatalog")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
-                  <SelectItem value="all">All Catalogs</SelectItem>
+                  <SelectItem value="all">{t("common.selectCatalog")}</SelectItem>
                   {catalogs.map((cat) => (
                     <SelectItem key={cat} value={cat}>{cat}</SelectItem>
                   ))}
@@ -352,10 +354,10 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
 
               <Select value={schemaFilter} onValueChange={setSchemaFilter} disabled={catalogFilter === "all"}>
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="All Schemas" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("common.selectSchema")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
-                  <SelectItem value="all">All Schemas</SelectItem>
+                  <SelectItem value="all">{t("common.selectSchema")}</SelectItem>
                   {availableSchemas.map((sch) => (
                     <SelectItem key={sch} value={sch}>{sch}</SelectItem>
                   ))}
@@ -364,13 +366,13 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
 
               <Select value={sourceFilter} onValueChange={setSourceFilter}>
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-[140px]">
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="All Sources" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("rulesActive.allSources")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
-                  <SelectItem value="all">All Sources</SelectItem>
+                  <SelectItem value="all">{t("rulesActive.allSources")}</SelectItem>
                   {sources.map((src) => (
                     <SelectItem key={src} value={src}>
-                      {src === "imported" ? "Imported" : src === "ai" ? "AI" : "UI"}
+                      {src === "imported" ? t("rulesActive.imported") : src === "ai" ? t("rulesActive.ai") : t("rulesActive.ui")}
                     </SelectItem>
                   ))}
                 </SelectContent>
@@ -394,16 +396,16 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
                     setLabelFilter(new Set());
                   }}
                 >
-                  Clear filters
+                  {t("common.clearFilters")}
                 </Button>
               )}
 
               <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-1 border rounded-md p-0.5">
                 {(
                   [
-                    { key: "by-table", label: "By table" },
-                    { key: "by-rule", label: "By rule" },
-                    { key: "sql-checks", label: "Cross-table" },
+                    { key: "by-table", label: t("rulesActive.byTable") },
+                    { key: "by-rule", label: t("rulesActive.byRule") },
+                    { key: "sql-checks", label: t("rulesActive.crossTableTab") },
                   ] as const
                 ).map((mode) => (
                   <button
@@ -432,7 +434,7 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
           )}
 
           {error && (
-            <p className="text-destructive text-sm">Failed to load rules: {(error as Error).message}</p>
+            <p className="text-destructive text-sm">{t("rulesActive.failedLoadRules", { error: (error as Error).message })}</p>
           )}
 
           {!isLoading && !error && filteredRules.length > 0 && (
@@ -472,22 +474,22 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={!!deleteTarget} onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setDeleteTarget(null)}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Delete rule</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesActive.deleteTitle")}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to delete this rule for{" "}
+              {t("rulesActive.deleteConfirm")}
               <span className="font-medium text-foreground">
                 {deleteTarget?.display_name || deleteTarget?.table_fqn}
               </span>
-              ? This action cannot be undone.
+              {t("rulesActive.deleteCannotUndo")}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction
               onClick={confirmDelete}
               className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
             >
-              Delete
+              {t("common.delete")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -517,6 +519,7 @@ interface ByTableViewProps {
 }
 
 function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete, onDelete, pendingDelete, canExport, onExport }: ByTableViewProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="space-y-2">
       {groups.map(({ fqn, displayName, rules }) => {
@@ -535,7 +538,7 @@ function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete,
               )}
               <code className="font-mono text-xs font-medium flex-1">{displayName}</code>
               <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                {rules.length} rule{rules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                {t("rulesActive.rulesCount", { count: rules.length })}
               </span>
             </button>
             {isOpen && (
@@ -543,12 +546,12 @@ function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete,
                 <table className="w-full text-sm">
                   <thead>
                     <tr className="bg-muted/30">
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Function</th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Column(s)</th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Criticality</th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Labels</th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Source</th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">Created by</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerFunction")}</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerColumns")}</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerCriticality")}</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerLabels")}</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerSource")}</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.headerCreatedBy")}</th>
                       {canDelete && (
                         <th className="text-right p-2 px-4 font-medium text-xs text-muted-foreground" />
                       )}
@@ -593,7 +596,7 @@ function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete,
                                     : "border-emerald-500 text-emerald-600"
                               }`}
                             >
-                              {rule.source === "imported" ? "Imported" : rule.source === "ai" ? "AI" : "UI"}
+                              {rule.source === "imported" ? t("rulesActive.imported") : rule.source === "ai" ? t("rulesActive.ai") : t("rulesActive.ui")}
                             </Badge>
                           </td>
                           <td className="p-2 px-4 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{formatUser(rule.created_by)}</td>
@@ -624,7 +627,7 @@ function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete,
                       onClick={() => onExport(fqn, rules)}
                     >
                       <Download className="h-3 w-3" />
-                      Export YAML
+                      {t("rulesActive.exportYaml")}
                     </Button>
                   )}
                   <Button
@@ -633,7 +636,7 @@ function ByTableView({ groups, expandedTables, onToggle, onNavigate, canDelete,
                     className="h-7 text-xs"
                     onClick={() => onNavigate(fqn)}
                   >
-                    View / edit rules
+                    {t("rulesActive.viewEditRules")}
                   </Button>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -666,6 +669,7 @@ interface ParsedCheck {
 }
 
 function ByRuleView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [expandedFns, setExpandedFns] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
 
   const grouped = useMemo(() => {
@@ -707,7 +711,7 @@ function ByRuleView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
   if (grouped.length === 0) {
     return (
       <div className="text-center py-12 text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-        No column / dataset rules found. Switch to &quot;Cross-table&quot; to view query-based rules.
+        {t("rulesActive.noColumnRules")}
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -731,26 +735,26 @@ function ByRuleView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
               <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground ml-auto flex items-center gap-3">
                 {errorCount > 0 && (
                   <Badge variant="outline" className="text-[10px] border-red-500 text-red-600">
-                    {errorCount} error{errorCount > 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                    {t("rulesActive.errorsCount", { count: errorCount })}
                   </Badge>
                 )}
                 {warnCount > 0 && (
                   <Badge variant="outline" className="text-[10px] border-amber-500 text-amber-600">
-                    {warnCount} warn{warnCount > 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                    {t("rulesActive.warnsCount", { count: warnCount })}
                   </Badge>
                 )}
-                <span>{items.length} check{items.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} across {tables.size} table{tables.size > 1 ? "s" : ""}</span>
+                <span>{t("rulesActive.checksAcrossTables", { checks: items.length, checksPlural: items.length > 1 ? "s" : "", tables: tables.size, tablesPlural: tables.size > 1 ? "s" : "" })}</span>
               </span>
             </button>
             {isOpen && (
               <table className="w-full text-sm">
                 <thead>
                   <tr className="border-t bg-muted/50">
-                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">Table</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">Column(s)</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">Criticality</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">Name</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">Labels</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">{t("rulesActive.headerTable")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">{t("rulesActive.headerColumns")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">{t("rulesActive.headerCriticality")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">{t("rulesActive.headerName")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium text-xs">{t("rulesActive.headerLabels")}</th>
                   </tr>
                 </thead>
                 <tbody>
@@ -791,6 +795,7 @@ function ByRuleView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
 // ── SQL checks view ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function SqlChecksView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const sqlChecks = checks.filter((c) => {
     const checkObj = (c.check as Record<string, unknown>) ?? {};
     return String(checkObj.function ?? "") === "sql_query";
@@ -800,8 +805,8 @@ function SqlChecksView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
     return (
       <div className="text-center py-12 text-muted-foreground">
         <Database className="h-10 w-10 mx-auto mb-3 opacity-40" />
-        <p className="text-sm font-medium">No cross-table rules</p>
-        <p className="text-xs mt-1">Cross-table SQL rules will appear here once created and approved.</p>
+        <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t("rulesActive.noCrossTable")}</p>
+        <p className="text-xs mt-1">{t("rulesActive.noCrossTableHint")}</p>
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -811,11 +816,11 @@ function SqlChecksView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
       <table className="w-full text-sm">
         <thead>
           <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Name</th>
-            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Mode</th>
-            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Table</th>
-            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Criticality</th>
-            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Labels</th>
+            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesActive.headerName")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesActive.headerMode")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesActive.headerTable")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesActive.headerCriticality")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("rulesActive.headerLabels")}</th>
           </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
@@ -824,7 +829,7 @@ function SqlChecksView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
             const args = (checkObj.arguments as Record<string, unknown>) ?? {};
             const name = String(check.name ?? args.name ?? "sql_query");
             const mergeColumns = args.merge_columns as string[] | undefined;
-            const mode = mergeColumns && mergeColumns.length > 0 ? "Row-level" : "Dataset-level";
+            const mode = mergeColumns && mergeColumns.length > 0 ? t("rulesActive.rowLevel") : t("rulesActive.datasetLevel");
             const criticality = String(check.criticality ?? "warn");
             const labels = getUserMetadata(check as Record<string, unknown>);
             return (
@@ -861,21 +866,22 @@ function SqlChecksView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
 // ── Empty state ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function EmptyState({ canCreate, onNavigate }: { canCreate: boolean; onNavigate: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
       <div className="w-16 h-16 rounded-full bg-muted flex items-center justify-center mb-6">
         <ShieldCheck className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
       </div>
-      <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">No active rules</h3>
+      <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesActive.noActiveRules")}</h3>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1 max-w-md">
         {canCreate
-          ? "Create and approve rules to see them here. Active rules are enforced during quality runs."
-          : "No rules have been approved yet. Check Drafts & review for pending rule sets."}
+          ? t("rulesActive.noActiveRulesAuthor")
+          : t("rulesActive.noActiveRulesViewer")}
       </p>
       {canCreate && (
         <Button onClick={onNavigate} className="mt-4 gap-2">
           <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-          Create rules
+          {t("rulesActive.createRules")}
         </Button>
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create-sql.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create-sql.tsx
index 103f1bf44..a774c2736 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create-sql.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create-sql.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate, Navigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useUnsavedGuard } from "@/hooks/use-unsaved-guard";
 import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useCallback } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import {
@@ -92,29 +93,31 @@ function resolveTableFqn(check: SqlCheckDraft): string {
 const SQL_NAME_REGEX = /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]{0,127}$/;
 const SQL_DDL_DML_PATTERN = /\b(DROP|DELETE|INSERT|UPDATE|ALTER|TRUNCATE|CREATE|GRANT|REVOKE|MERGE)\b/i;
 
-function validateCheckName(name: string): string | null {
+type TFunc = (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
+
+function validateCheckName(name: string, t: TFunc): string | null {
   if (!name) return null;
-  if (name.length > 128) return "Name must be 128 characters or fewer.";
+  if (name.length > 128) return t("rulesCreateSql.nameLengthError");
   if (!SQL_NAME_REGEX.test(name))
-    return "Name must start with a letter and contain only letters, numbers, and underscores.";
+    return t("rulesCreateSql.nameInvalidError");
   return null;
 }
 
-function validateSqlQuery(query: string): string | null {
+function validateSqlQuery(query: string, t: TFunc): string | null {
   if (!query) return null;
   if (query.includes(";"))
-    return "Semicolons are not allowed. Enter a single SELECT query only.";
+    return t("rulesCreateSql.querySemicolonError");
   if (SQL_DDL_DML_PATTERN.test(query))
-    return "Query contains prohibited keywords (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.). Only SELECT queries are allowed.";
+    return t("rulesCreateSql.queryProhibitedError");
   return null;
 }
 
-function extractApiError(err: unknown): string {
+function extractApiError(err: unknown, t: TFunc): string {
   const axErr = err as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string }; status?: number }; message?: string };
   if (axErr?.response?.data?.detail) return axErr.response.data.detail;
   if (axErr?.response?.status) return `Server error (HTTP ${axErr.response.status})`;
   if (axErr?.message) return axErr.message;
-  return "Unknown error";
+  return t("common.unknownError");
 }
 
 interface SqlCheckDraft {
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ function buildSqlCheckPayload(c: SqlCheckDraft): Record<string, unknown> {
 }
 
 function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { canCreateRules } = usePermissions();
   if (!canCreateRules) return <Navigate to="/rules/active" replace />;
 
@@ -316,15 +320,15 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
         });
       }
       if (drafts.length === 0) {
-        toast.error("AI did not generate any SQL checks. Try being more specific about the tables and conditions.");
+        toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.noSqlGenerated"));
         return;
       }
       const hasOnlyEmptyDefault = checks.length === 1 && !checks[0].name && !checks[0].query;
       setChecks(hasOnlyEmptyDefault ? drafts : [...checks, ...drafts]);
-      toast.success(`${drafts.length} SQL check${drafts.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} generated by AI`);
+      toast.success(t("rulesCreateSql.sqlCheckGenerated", { count: drafts.length }));
       setAiPrompt("");
     } catch (err) {
-      toast.error(`AI generation failed: ${extractApiError(err)}`);
+      toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.aiGenerationFailed", { detail: extractApiError(err, t) }));
     } finally {
       setAiGenerating(false);
     }
@@ -363,13 +367,13 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
           const resp = await dryRunResultsQuery.refetch();
           if (resp.data?.data) {
             setDryRunResult(resp.data.data);
-            toast.success("Dry run complete");
+            toast.success(t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunComplete"));
           }
         } catch {
-          setDryRunError("Dry run succeeded but failed to fetch results. Try refreshing.");
+          setDryRunError(t("rulesCreateSql.fetchResultsFailed"));
         }
       } else {
-        setDryRunError(status.message ?? status.result_state ?? "Dry run failed with an unknown error.");
+        setDryRunError(status.message ?? status.result_state ?? t("rulesCreateSql.unknownDryRunError"));
       }
     },
   });
@@ -398,16 +402,16 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
 
   const handleDryRun = async (check: SqlCheckDraft) => {
     if (!check.query.trim()) {
-      toast.error("Enter a SQL query before running a dry run");
+      toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.enterSqlBeforeDryRun"));
       return;
     }
-    const queryErr = validateSqlQuery(check.query);
+    const queryErr = validateSqlQuery(check.query, t);
     if (queryErr) {
       toast.error(queryErr);
       return;
     }
     if (check.name.trim()) {
-      const nameErr = validateCheckName(check.name.trim());
+      const nameErr = validateCheckName(check.name.trim(), t);
       if (nameErr) {
         toast.error(nameErr);
         return;
@@ -428,9 +432,9 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
       setDryRunRunId(resp.data.run_id);
       setDryRunJobRunId(resp.data.job_run_id);
       setDryRunViewFqn(resp.data.view_fqn ?? null);
-      toast.info("Dry run submitted — waiting for results...");
+      toast.info(t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunSubmitted"));
     } catch (err) {
-      setDryRunError(extractApiError(err));
+      setDryRunError(extractApiError(err, t));
     }
   };
 
@@ -442,29 +446,29 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
       setDryRunJobRunId(null);
       setDryRunRunId(null);
       setDryRunCheckId(null);
-      toast.info("Dry run canceled");
+      toast.info(t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunCanceled"));
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to cancel dry run");
+      toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.failedCancelDryRun"));
     }
   };
 
   const nameErrors = useMemo(() => {
     const map = new Map<string, string>();
     for (const c of checks) {
-      const err = validateCheckName(c.name.trim());
+      const err = validateCheckName(c.name.trim(), t);
       if (err) map.set(c.id, err);
     }
     return map;
-  }, [checks]);
+  }, [checks, t]);
 
   const queryErrors = useMemo(() => {
     const map = new Map<string, string>();
     for (const c of checks) {
-      const err = validateSqlQuery(c.query);
+      const err = validateSqlQuery(c.query, t);
       if (err) map.set(c.id, err);
     }
     return map;
-  }, [checks]);
+  }, [checks, t]);
 
   const isValid = checks.every((c) => c.name.trim() !== "" && c.query.trim() !== "")
     && nameErrors.size === 0
@@ -474,7 +478,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
 
   const handleSave = async () => {
     if (nameErrors.size > 0 || queryErrors.size > 0) {
-      toast.error("Fix validation errors before saving.");
+      toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.fixValidationErrors"));
       return;
     }
     setSaving(true);
@@ -484,8 +488,6 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
     for (const check of checks) {
       const tableFqn = resolveTableFqn(check);
       const payloadEntry = buildSqlCheckPayload(check);
-      // Carry rule_id when present so the backend updates the existing row
-      // instead of creating a new one (avoids duplicate-name errors on edit).
       if (check.ruleId) {
         payloadEntry.rule_id = check.ruleId;
       }
@@ -496,7 +498,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
         });
         successCount++;
       } catch (err) {
-        toast.error(`Failed to save "${check.name}": ${extractApiError(err)}`);
+        toast.error(t("rulesCreateSql.failedSave", { name: check.name, detail: extractApiError(err, t) }));
         failCount++;
       }
     }
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
     setSaving(false);
 
     if (successCount > 0) {
-      toast.success(`${successCount} SQL check${successCount > 1 ? "s" : ""} saved`);
+      toast.success(t("rulesCreateSql.savedSqlChecks", { count: successCount }));
     }
     if (successCount > 0 && failCount === 0) {
       justSavedRef.current = true;
@@ -516,15 +518,15 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
         <PageBreadcrumb
-          items={[{ label: "Create Rules", to: "/rules/create" }]}
-          page={isEditMode ? "Edit cross-table rule" : "Cross-table rules"}
+          items={[{ label: t("rulesCreate.breadcrumb"), to: "/rules/create" }]}
+          page={isEditMode ? t("rulesCreateSql.editBreadcrumb") : t("rulesCreateSql.breadcrumb")}
         />
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-            {isEditMode ? "Edit cross-table rule" : "Cross-table rules"}
+            {isEditMode ? t("rulesCreateSql.editTitle") : t("rulesCreateSql.title")}
           </h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-            Write SQL queries that validate data across tables or run dataset-level aggregation checks.
+            {t("rulesCreateSql.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -535,16 +537,16 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
           <div className="border border-violet-200 dark:border-violet-800 rounded-lg p-4 bg-violet-50/50 dark:bg-violet-950/30 space-y-3">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-1">
               <Sparkles className="h-4 w-4 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400" />
-              <span className="text-sm font-medium text-violet-900 dark:text-violet-200">Generate with AI</span>
+              <span className="text-sm font-medium text-violet-900 dark:text-violet-200">{t("rulesCreateSql.generateWithAi")}</span>
             </div>
             <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              Describe the cross-table validation you need. Use fully qualified table names (catalog.schema.table) so the AI can write accurate SQL.
+              {t("rulesCreateSql.generateWithAiHint")}
             </p>
             <div className="flex gap-2">
               <Textarea
                 value={aiPrompt}
                 onChange={(e) => setAiPrompt(e.target.value)}
-                placeholder="e.g. Check that every order in catalog.schema.orders has at least one line item in catalog.schema.line_items, and that the order total matches the sum of line item amounts"
+                placeholder={t("rulesCreateSql.generateWithAiPlaceholder")}
                 className="min-h-[52px] resize-none text-sm"
                 disabled={aiGenerating}
                 onKeyDown={(e) => {
@@ -565,7 +567,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                 ) : (
                   <Sparkles className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                 )}
-                {aiGenerating ? "Generating..." : "Generate"}
+                {aiGenerating ? t("rulesCreateSql.generating") : t("rulesCreateSql.generate")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -581,18 +583,18 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
               <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                 <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
                   <Database className="h-4 w-4" />
-                  SQL check {checks.length > 1 ? `#${idx + 1}` : ""}
+                  {t("rulesCreateSql.sqlCheckTitle")} {checks.length > 1 ? `#${idx + 1}` : ""}
                   {isDup && (
                     <TooltipProvider>
                       <Tooltip>
                         <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                           <Badge variant="destructive" className="text-[10px] gap-1">
                             <AlertCircle className="h-2.5 w-2.5" />
-                            Duplicate
+                            {t("rulesCreateSql.duplicate")}
                           </Badge>
                         </TooltipTrigger>
                         <TooltipContent>
-                          <p>A SQL check with this name already exists. Remove or rename it.</p>
+                          <p>{t("rulesCreateSql.duplicateTooltip")}</p>
                         </TooltipContent>
                       </Tooltip>
                     </TooltipProvider>
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                     ) : (
                       <Play className="h-3 w-3" />
                     )}
-                    {isDryRunning && dryRunCheckId === check.id ? "Running..." : "Dry Run"}
+                    {isDryRunning && dryRunCheckId === check.id ? t("rulesCreateSql.running") : t("rulesCreateSql.dryRun")}
                   </Button>
                   {checks.length > 1 && (
                     <Button
@@ -626,16 +628,16 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                 </div>
               </div>
               <CardDescription>
-                The query should return rows that violate the check (i.e., bad rows).
+                {t("rulesCreateSql.queryDescription")}
               </CardDescription>
             </CardHeader>
             <CardContent className="space-y-4">
               <div className="grid gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
                 <div className="space-y-1.5">
-                  <Label htmlFor={`name-${check.id}`}>Name</Label>
+                  <Label htmlFor={`name-${check.id}`}>{t("common.name")}</Label>
                   <Input
                     id={`name-${check.id}`}
-                    placeholder="e.g. orders_total_matches_line_items"
+                    placeholder={t("rulesCreateSql.namePlaceholder")}
                     value={check.name}
                     onChange={(e) => updateCheck(check.id, { name: e.target.value })}
                     className={nameErrors.has(check.id) ? "border-red-400 focus-visible:ring-red-400" : ""}
@@ -648,12 +650,12 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                   )}
                   {!nameErrors.has(check.id) && !check.name.trim() && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Letters, numbers, and underscores only. Must start with a letter.
+                      {t("rulesCreateSql.nameHint")}
                     </p>
                   )}
                 </div>
                 <div className="space-y-1.5">
-                  <Label>Criticality</Label>
+                  <Label>{t("common.criticality")}</Label>
                   <Select
                     value={check.criticality}
                     onValueChange={(v) =>
@@ -664,8 +666,8 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                       <SelectValue />
                     </SelectTrigger>
                     <SelectContent>
-                      <SelectItem value="warn">warn</SelectItem>
-                      <SelectItem value="error">error</SelectItem>
+                      <SelectItem value="warn">{t("rulesCreateSql.criticalityWarn")}</SelectItem>
+                      <SelectItem value="error">{t("rulesCreateSql.criticalityError")}</SelectItem>
                     </SelectContent>
                   </Select>
                 </div>
@@ -677,11 +679,11 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
               />
 
               <div className="space-y-1.5">
-                <Label htmlFor={`query-${check.id}`}>SQL query</Label>
+                <Label htmlFor={`query-${check.id}`}>{t("rulesCreateSql.sqlQueryLabel")}</Label>
                 <Textarea
                   id={`query-${check.id}`}
                   className={`font-mono text-sm min-h-[140px] ${queryErrors.has(check.id) ? "border-red-400 focus-visible:ring-red-400" : ""}`}
-                  placeholder={`SELECT o.order_id, o.total, SUM(li.amount) AS line_total\nFROM catalog.schema.orders o\nJOIN catalog.schema.line_items li ON li.order_id = o.order_id\nGROUP BY o.order_id, o.total\nHAVING o.total != line_total`}
+                  placeholder={t("rulesCreateSql.sqlQueryPlaceholder")}
                   value={check.query}
                   onChange={(e) => updateCheck(check.id, { query: e.target.value })}
                 />
@@ -692,7 +694,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                   </p>
                 ) : (
                   <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    Use fully qualified table names (catalog.schema.table). Returned rows are treated as violations.
+                    {t("rulesCreateSql.sqlQueryHint")}
                   </p>
                 )}
               </div>
@@ -711,11 +713,11 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                     <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
                       <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
                       <span>
-                        Job status: <span className="font-medium">{dryRunPolling.status?.state ?? "SUBMITTING"}</span>
+                        {t("common.status")}: <span className="font-medium">{dryRunPolling.status?.state ?? "SUBMITTING"}</span>
                       </span>
                       <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="h-6 gap-1 text-xs ml-auto" onClick={handleCancelDryRun}>
                         <CircleStop className="h-3 w-3" />
-                        Cancel
+                        {t("common.cancel")}
                       </Button>
                     </div>
                   )}
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                       <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-2">
                         <div className="flex items-start gap-2 text-sm font-medium text-red-700 dark:text-red-400">
                           <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 mt-0.5 shrink-0" />
-                          Dry run failed
+                          {t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunFailed")}
                         </div>
                         <Button
                           variant="ghost"
@@ -744,11 +746,11 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                         className="h-6 gap-1 text-xs"
                         onClick={() => {
                           navigator.clipboard.writeText(dryRunError);
-                          toast.success("Error copied to clipboard");
+                          toast.success(t("rulesCreateSql.errorCopiedToClipboard"));
                         }}
                       >
                         <Copy className="h-3 w-3" />
-                        Copy error
+                        {t("rulesCreateSql.copyError")}
                       </Button>
                     </div>
                   )}
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
 
         <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={addCheck} className="gap-1">
           <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Add another SQL check
+          {t("rulesCreateSql.addAnotherSqlCheck")}
         </Button>
       </div>
 
@@ -774,20 +776,20 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
               {!isValid && (
                 <>
                   <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-amber-500" />
-                  Every check needs a name and a SQL query
+                  {t("rulesCreateSql.everyCheckNeedsNameQuery")}
                 </>
               )}
               {isValid && hasDuplicates && (
                 <>
                   <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-red-500" />
                   <span className="text-red-600">
-                    {dupCheckIds.size} check{dupCheckIds.size !== 1 ? "s" : ""} already exist and cannot be saved
+                    {t("rulesCreateSql.checksAlreadyExist", { count: dupCheckIds.size })}
                   </span>
                 </>
               )}
               {isValid && !hasDuplicates && (
                 <span>
-                  {checks.length} SQL check{checks.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} ready to save
+                  {t("rulesCreateSql.checksReady", { count: checks.length })}
                   {dupChecking && <Loader2 className="inline h-3 w-3 animate-spin ml-2" />}
                 </span>
               )}
@@ -798,7 +800,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                 onClick={() => navigate({ to: cancelTarget })}
                 disabled={saving}
               >
-                Cancel
+                {t("common.cancel")}
               </Button>
               <Button
                 onClick={handleSave}
@@ -810,7 +812,7 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
                 ) : (
                   <Save className="h-4 w-4" />
                 )}
-                {saving ? "Saving..." : isEditMode ? "Save changes" : "Save as drafts"}
+                {saving ? t("common.saving") : isEditMode ? t("rulesCreateSql.saveChanges") : t("rulesCreateSql.saveAsDrafts")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -821,21 +823,21 @@ function CreateSqlCheckPage() {
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
             <AlertDialogTitle>
-              {isDryRunning ? "Dry run in progress" : "Unsaved changes"}
+              {isDryRunning ? t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunInProgress") : t("common.unsavedChanges")}
             </AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
               {isDryRunning
-                ? "A dry run is currently running. Leaving will cancel it and discard any results."
-                : "You have unsaved SQL checks. Leaving will discard your changes."}
+                ? t("rulesCreateSql.dryRunInProgressDescription")
+                : t("rulesCreateSql.unsavedSqlChecks")}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel onClick={() => blocker.reset?.()}>Stay on page</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel onClick={() => blocker.reset?.()}>{t("common.stayOnPage")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction
               onClick={handleConfirmLeave}
               className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
             >
-              {isDryRunning ? "Leave & cancel dry run" : "Discard & leave"}
+              {isDryRunning ? t("rulesCreateSql.leaveCancelDryRun") : t("rulesCreateSql.discardLeave")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -851,6 +853,7 @@ function TargetTableSection({
   check: SqlCheckDraft;
   onUpdate: (value: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [assignToTable, setAssignToTable] = useState(!!check.targetTable);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -872,12 +875,12 @@ function TargetTableSection({
         />
         <div className="flex-1">
           <Label htmlFor={`assign-table-${check.id}`} className="text-sm font-medium cursor-pointer">
-            Assign to a table
+            {t("rulesCreateSql.assignToTable")}
           </Label>
           <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
             {assignToTable
-              ? "This rule will be grouped with the selected table's rules, making it available for that table's pipeline."
-              : "Saved as a standalone cross-table check by default."}
+              ? t("rulesCreateSql.assignToTableOn")
+              : t("rulesCreateSql.assignToTableOff")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create.tsx
index 0c3560e0c..13fbe4e50 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.create.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createFileRoute, Link, Navigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
@@ -8,45 +9,46 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/rules/create")({
   component: CreateRulesLanding,
 });
 
-const OPTIONS = [
-  {
-    to: "/rules/single-table",
-    icon: Sparkles,
-    title: "Single table rules",
-    description: "Define column-level checks for individual tables, with optional AI assistance.",
-  },
-  {
-    to: "/rules/create-sql",
-    icon: Database,
-    title: "Cross-table rules",
-    description: "Write SQL queries that validate data across multiple tables or run dataset-level aggregation checks.",
-  },
-  {
-    to: "/profiler",
-    icon: BarChart3,
-    title: "Profile & generate",
-    description: "Profile your data to auto-generate quality rules based on column statistics.",
-  },
-  {
-    to: "/rules/import",
-    icon: Upload,
-    title: "Import rules",
-    description: "Import rules from a YAML file.",
-  },
-] as const;
-
 function CreateRulesLanding() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { canCreateRules } = usePermissions();
   if (!canCreateRules) return <Navigate to="/rules/active" replace />;
 
+  const OPTIONS = [
+    {
+      to: "/rules/single-table",
+      icon: Sparkles,
+      title: t("rulesCreate.singleTableTitle"),
+      description: t("rulesCreate.singleTableDescription"),
+    },
+    {
+      to: "/rules/create-sql",
+      icon: Database,
+      title: t("rulesCreate.crossTableTitle"),
+      description: t("rulesCreate.crossTableDescription"),
+    },
+    {
+      to: "/profiler",
+      icon: BarChart3,
+      title: t("rulesCreate.profileTitle"),
+      description: t("rulesCreate.profileDescription"),
+    },
+    {
+      to: "/rules/import",
+      icon: Upload,
+      title: t("rulesCreate.importTitle"),
+      description: t("rulesCreate.importDescription"),
+    },
+  ] as const;
+
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page="Create Rules" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page={t("rulesCreate.breadcrumb")} />
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Create Rules</h1>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("rulesCreate.title")}</h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-            Choose how you want to create data quality rules.
+            {t("rulesCreate.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.drafts.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.drafts.tsx
index 2ea31d966..99b4f38a7 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.drafts.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.drafts.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { parseFqn, formatDateShort as formatDate, getUserMetadata, labelToken } from "@/lib/format-utils";
 import { LabelFilter, LabelsBadges, labelsMatchFilter } from "@/components/Labels";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 const SQL_CHECK_PREFIX = "__sql_check__/";
 const CROSS_TABLE_CATALOG = "Cross-table rules";
@@ -126,34 +127,38 @@ function DraftsSkeleton() {
   );
 }
 
-const STATUS_OPTIONS = [
-  { value: "all", label: "All Statuses" },
-  { value: "draft", label: "Draft" },
-  { value: "pending_approval", label: "Pending Approval" },
-  { value: "rejected", label: "Rejected" },
-];
+function useStatusOptions() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return [
+    { value: "all", label: t("rulesDrafts.allStatuses") },
+    { value: "draft", label: t("rulesDrafts.statusDraft") },
+    { value: "pending_approval", label: t("rulesDrafts.statusPendingApproval") },
+    { value: "rejected", label: t("rulesDrafts.statusRejected") },
+  ];
+}
 
-function statusBadge(status: string) {
+function StatusBadge({ status }: { status: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   switch (status) {
     case "draft":
       return (
         <Badge variant="secondary" className="gap-1">
           <FileEdit className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Draft
+          {t("discovery.draft")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "pending_approval":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-amber-500 text-amber-600">
           <Clock className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Pending
+          {t("discovery.pending")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "rejected":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-red-500 text-red-600">
           <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Rejected
+          {t("discovery.rejected")}
         </Badge>
       );
     default:
@@ -214,6 +219,8 @@ function SortableHeader({
 }
 
 function DraftsPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const STATUS_OPTIONS = useStatusOptions();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const [statusFilter, setStatusFilter] = useState("all");
   const [catalogFilter, setCatalogFilter] = useState("all");
@@ -433,14 +440,14 @@ function DraftsPage() {
     setRepairing(true);
     try {
       const resp = await backfillRuleIds();
-      toast.success(`Repaired ${resp.data.repaired} rule(s) — IDs assigned`);
+      toast.success(t("rulesDrafts.repairedToast", { count: resp.data.repaired }));
       invalidateRules();
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to repair rule IDs");
+      toast.error(t("rulesDrafts.failedRepairIds"));
     } finally {
       setRepairing(false);
     }
-  }, [invalidateRules]);
+  }, [invalidateRules, t]);
 
   const fireAction = useCallback(
     (
@@ -512,7 +519,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       const skippedNotOwned = selectedRules.length - ownRules.length;
       if (ownRules.length === 0) {
         toast.error(
-          `Cannot ${errorMsg.toLowerCase()}: you can only act on rules you authored.`,
+          t("rulesDrafts.bulkCannotAct", { action: errorMsg.toLowerCase() }),
           { duration: 6000 },
         );
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
@@ -537,16 +544,16 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       setSelectedIds(new Set());
       invalidateRules();
       const skippedSuffix = skippedNotOwned > 0
-        ? ` — ${skippedNotOwned} rule${skippedNotOwned !== 1 ? "s" : ""} skipped (not authored by you)`
+        ? t("rulesDrafts.bulkSkippedSuffix", { count: skippedNotOwned })
         : "";
       if (fail === 0) {
-        toast.success(`${successMsg} (${ok} rule${ok !== 1 ? "s" : ""})${skippedSuffix}`);
+        toast.success(t("rulesDrafts.bulkSucceededWithSkipped", { count: ok, msg: successMsg, ok, skipped: skippedSuffix }));
       } else {
         const reason = lastDetail ? ` — ${lastDetail}` : "";
-        toast.warning(`${ok} succeeded, ${fail} failed${reason}${skippedSuffix}`);
+        toast.warning(t("rulesDrafts.bulkPartial", { ok, fail, reason, skipped: skippedSuffix }));
       }
     },
-    [bulkBusy, selectedRules, invalidateRules, isOwnRule],
+    [bulkBusy, selectedRules, invalidateRules, isOwnRule, t],
   );
 
   const [bulkApproveOpen, setBulkApproveOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -554,18 +561,18 @@ function DraftsPage() {
   const handleBulkApprove = () => setBulkApproveOpen(true);
   const confirmBulkApprove = () => {
     setBulkApproveOpen(false);
-    bulkAction(approveRule, "Approved", "some rules could not be approved");
+    bulkAction(approveRule, t("rulesDrafts.bulkApproved"), t("rulesDrafts.bulkApproveAction"));
   };
   const handleBulkReject = () => setBulkRejectOpen(true);
   const confirmBulkReject = () => {
     setBulkRejectOpen(false);
-    bulkAction(rejectRule, "Rejected", "some rules could not be rejected");
+    bulkAction(rejectRule, t("rulesDrafts.bulkRejected"), t("rulesDrafts.bulkRejectAction"));
   };
   const [bulkRevokeOpen, setBulkRevokeOpen] = useState(false);
   const handleBulkRevoke = () => setBulkRevokeOpen(true);
   const confirmBulkRevoke = () => {
     setBulkRevokeOpen(false);
-    bulkAction(revokeRule, "Revoked", "some rules could not be revoked");
+    bulkAction(revokeRule, t("rulesDrafts.bulkRevoked"), t("rulesDrafts.bulkRevokeAction"));
   };
   const [bulkDeleteOpen, setBulkDeleteOpen] = useState(false);
   const handleBulkDelete = () => {
@@ -573,7 +580,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
   };
   const confirmBulkDelete = () => {
     setBulkDeleteOpen(false);
-    bulkAction(deleteRuleById, "Deleted", "some rules could not be deleted");
+    bulkAction(deleteRuleById, t("rulesDrafts.bulkDeleted"), t("rulesDrafts.bulkDeleteAction"));
   };
   const [bulkSubmitOpen, setBulkSubmitOpen] = useState(false);
   const bulkSubmitEligible = useMemo(
@@ -589,12 +596,12 @@ function DraftsPage() {
   const handleBulkSubmit = useCallback(() => {
     if (bulkSubmitEligible.length === 0) {
       toast.warning(
-        `All ${selectedRules.length} selected rule(s) are ineligible (duplicate or not authored by you)`,
+        t("rulesDrafts.bulkAllIneligible", { count: selectedRules.length }),
       );
       return;
     }
     setBulkSubmitOpen(true);
-  }, [bulkSubmitEligible, selectedRules]);
+  }, [bulkSubmitEligible, selectedRules, t]);
   const confirmBulkSubmit = useCallback(async () => {
     setBulkSubmitOpen(false);
     const skippedNotOwned = selectedRules.filter((r) => !isOwnRule(r)).length;
@@ -618,13 +625,13 @@ function DraftsPage() {
     setSelectedIds(new Set());
     invalidateRules();
     const parts: string[] = [];
-    if (ok > 0) parts.push(`${ok} submitted`);
-    if (fail > 0) parts.push(`${fail} failed${lastDetail ? ` (${lastDetail})` : ""}`);
-    if (skippedDuplicate > 0) parts.push(`${skippedDuplicate} skipped (duplicate)`);
-    if (skippedNotOwned > 0) parts.push(`${skippedNotOwned} skipped (not authored by you)`);
+    if (ok > 0) parts.push(t("rulesDrafts.bulkSubmitted", { count: ok }));
+    if (fail > 0) parts.push(lastDetail ? t("rulesDrafts.bulkFailedDetail", { count: fail, detail: lastDetail }) : t("rulesDrafts.bulkFailed", { count: fail }));
+    if (skippedDuplicate > 0) parts.push(t("rulesDrafts.bulkSkippedDuplicate", { count: skippedDuplicate }));
+    if (skippedNotOwned > 0) parts.push(t("rulesDrafts.bulkSkippedNotOwned", { count: skippedNotOwned }));
     if (fail === 0) toast.success(parts.join(", "));
     else toast.warning(parts.join(", "));
-  }, [selectedRules, bulkSubmitEligible, invalidateRules, isOwnRule]);
+  }, [selectedRules, bulkSubmitEligible, invalidateRules, isOwnRule, t]);
 
   const ruleKey = (rule: RuleCatalogEntryOut) => rule.rule_id ?? rule.table_fqn;
 
@@ -632,8 +639,8 @@ function DraftsPage() {
     fireAction(
       ruleKey(rule),
       () => revokeRule(rule.rule_id!),
-      "Submission revoked — moved back to draft",
-      "Failed to revoke submission",
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastRevoked"),
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastFailedRevoke"),
     );
 
   const [singleDeleteTarget, setSingleDeleteTarget] = useState<RuleCatalogEntryOut | null>(null);
@@ -649,8 +656,8 @@ function DraftsPage() {
     fireAction(
       ruleKey(rule),
       () => deleteRuleById(rule.rule_id!),
-      "Rule deleted",
-      "Failed to delete rule",
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastRuleDeleted"),
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastFailedDelete"),
     );
   };
 
@@ -658,41 +665,41 @@ function DraftsPage() {
     fireAction(
       ruleKey(rule),
       () => submitRuleForApproval(rule.rule_id!),
-      "Submitted for approval",
-      "Failed to submit for approval",
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastSubmitted"),
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastFailedSubmit"),
     );
 
   const handleApprove = (rule: RuleCatalogEntryOut) =>
     fireAction(
       ruleKey(rule),
       () => approveRule(rule.rule_id!),
-      "Rule approved — moved to Active rules",
-      "Failed to approve rule",
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastApproved"),
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastFailedApprove"),
     );
 
   const handleReject = (rule: RuleCatalogEntryOut) =>
     fireAction(
       ruleKey(rule),
       () => rejectRule(rule.rule_id!),
-      "Rule rejected",
-      "Failed to reject rule",
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastRejected"),
+      t("rulesDrafts.toastFailedReject"),
     );
 
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <div className="space-y-2">
-        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page="Drafts & Review" />
+        <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page={t("rulesDrafts.breadcrumb")} />
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
           <div>
-            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Drafts & review</h1>
+            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("rulesDrafts.title")}</h1>
             <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-              Rule sets awaiting review, recently created drafts, and rejected sets.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.subtitle")}
             </p>
           </div>
           {canCreateRules && (
             <Button onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/rules/create" })} className="gap-2">
               <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Create rules
+              {t("rulesDrafts.createRules")}
             </Button>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -705,13 +712,13 @@ function DraftsPage() {
               <div>
                 <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                   <ClipboardCheck className="h-5 w-5" />
-                  Rule sets
+                  {t("rulesDrafts.ruleSets")}
                 </CardTitle>
                 <CardDescription>
                   {isLoading
-                    ? "Loading..."
-                    : `${rules.length} rule${rules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}${
-                        rules.length !== allRules.length ? ` (filtered from ${allRules.length})` : ""
+                    ? t("common.loading")
+                    : `${t("rulesDrafts.rulesCount", { count: rules.length })}${
+                        rules.length !== allRules.length ? t("rulesDrafts.filteredFrom", { total: allRules.length }) : ""
                       }`}
                 </CardDescription>
               </div>
@@ -720,10 +727,10 @@ function DraftsPage() {
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
               <Select value={catalogFilter} onValueChange={handleCatalogChange}>
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="All Catalogs" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("rulesDrafts.allCatalogs")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
-                  <SelectItem value="all">All Catalogs</SelectItem>
+                  <SelectItem value="all">{t("rulesDrafts.allCatalogs")}</SelectItem>
                   {catalogs.map((cat) => (
                     <SelectItem key={cat} value={cat}>{cat}</SelectItem>
                   ))}
@@ -732,10 +739,10 @@ function DraftsPage() {
 
               <Select value={schemaFilter} onValueChange={setSchemaFilter} disabled={catalogFilter === "all"}>
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="All Schemas" />
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("rulesDrafts.allSchemas")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
-                  <SelectItem value="all">All Schemas</SelectItem>
+                  <SelectItem value="all">{t("rulesDrafts.allSchemas")}</SelectItem>
                   {availableSchemas.map((sch) => (
                     <SelectItem key={sch} value={sch}>{sch}</SelectItem>
                   ))}
@@ -760,7 +767,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                 onClick={() => setMySubmissionsOnly((prev) => !prev)}
               >
                 <User className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                My submissions
+                {t("rulesDrafts.mySubmissions")}
               </Button>
 
               <LabelFilter
@@ -782,7 +789,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                     setLabelFilter(new Set());
                   }}
                 >
-                  Clear filters
+                  {t("common.clearFilters")}
                 </Button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -793,7 +800,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
             <div className="flex items-center gap-3 mb-4 p-3 rounded-lg border border-amber-300 bg-amber-50 dark:bg-amber-950/30 dark:border-amber-700">
               <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4 text-amber-600 shrink-0" />
               <span className="text-sm text-amber-800 dark:text-amber-300">
-                {orphanCount} rule{orphanCount !== 1 ? "s" : ""} missing an internal ID — actions are disabled until repaired.
+                {t("rulesDrafts.orphanWarning", { count: orphanCount })}
               </span>
               <Button
                 size="sm"
@@ -803,7 +810,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                 onClick={handleRepair}
               >
                 {repairing ? <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" /> : <AlertTriangle className="h-3 w-3" />}
-                {repairing ? "Repairing..." : "Repair IDs"}
+                {repairing ? t("rulesDrafts.repairing") : t("rulesDrafts.repairIds")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           )}
@@ -815,7 +822,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
           )}
 
           {error && (
-            <p className="text-destructive text-sm">Failed to load rules: {(error as Error).message}</p>
+            <p className="text-destructive text-sm">{t("rulesDrafts.failedLoadRules", { error: (error as Error).message })}</p>
           )}
 
           {!isLoading && !error && rules.length > 0 && (
@@ -823,38 +830,38 @@ function DraftsPage() {
               {selectedIds.size > 0 && (
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-3 p-2.5 rounded-lg bg-muted/60 border">
                   <span className="text-sm font-medium mr-1">
-                    {selectedIds.size} selected
+                    {t("rulesDrafts.selectedCount", { count: selectedIds.size })}
                   </span>
                   {bulkBusy && <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
                   {!bulkBusy && (
                     <>
                       {canSubmitRules && selectedRules.some((r) => r.status === "draft") && (
                         <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs" onClick={handleBulkSubmit}>
-                          <SendHorizonal className="h-3 w-3" /> Submit
+                          <SendHorizonal className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("rulesDrafts.submit")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                       {canApproveRules && selectedRules.some((r) => r.status === "pending_approval") && (
                         <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-green-600" onClick={handleBulkApprove}>
-                          <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" /> Approve
+                          <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("rulesDrafts.approve")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                       {canApproveRules && selectedRules.some((r) => r.status === "pending_approval") && (
                         <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-red-600" onClick={handleBulkReject}>
-                          <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" /> Reject
+                          <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("rulesDrafts.reject")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                       {selectedRules.some((r) => r.status === "pending_approval" || r.status === "rejected") && (canApproveRules || selectedRules.some((r) => r.status === "pending_approval" && (r.updated_by ?? r.created_by) === currentUserEmail)) && (
                         <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-amber-600" onClick={handleBulkRevoke}>
-                          <Undo2 className="h-3 w-3" /> Revoke
+                          <Undo2 className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("rulesDrafts.revoke")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                       {canEditRules && (
                         <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-destructive" onClick={handleBulkDelete}>
-                          <Trash2 className="h-3 w-3" /> Delete
+                          <Trash2 className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("rulesDrafts.delete")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                       <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" className="h-7 text-xs ml-auto" onClick={() => setSelectedIds(new Set())}>
-                        Clear selection
+                        {t("rulesDrafts.clearSelection")}
                       </Button>
                     </>
                   )}
@@ -868,26 +875,26 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                         <Checkbox
                           checked={selectableRules.length > 0 && selectedIds.size === selectableRules.length}
                           onCheckedChange={toggleSelectAll}
-                          aria-label="Select all"
+                          aria-label={t("rulesDrafts.selectAllAria")}
                         />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Table" sortKey="table" active={sortKey === "table"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("rulesDrafts.headerTable")} sortKey="table" active={sortKey === "table"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Check" sortKey="check" active={sortKey === "check"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("rulesDrafts.headerCheck")} sortKey="check" active={sortKey === "check"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
                       </th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">Labels</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">{t("rulesDrafts.headerLabels")}</th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Status" sortKey="status" active={sortKey === "status"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("rulesDrafts.headerStatus")} sortKey="status" active={sortKey === "status"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Created by" sortKey="created_by" active={sortKey === "created_by"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("rulesDrafts.headerCreatedBy")} sortKey="created_by" active={sortKey === "created_by"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Modified" sortKey="modified" active={sortKey === "modified"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("rulesDrafts.headerModified")} sortKey="modified" active={sortKey === "modified"} direction={sortDir} onSort={handleSort} />
                       </th>
-                      <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap sticky right-0 bg-muted/50">Actions</th>
+                      <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium whitespace-nowrap sticky right-0 bg-muted/50">{t("rulesDrafts.headerActions")}</th>
                     </tr>
                   </thead>
                   <tbody>
@@ -909,7 +916,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                             <Checkbox
                               checked={selectedIds.has(rule.rule_id)}
                               onCheckedChange={() => toggleSelect(rule.rule_id!)}
-                              aria-label={`Select ${rule.display_name || rule.table_fqn}`}
+                              aria-label={t("rulesDrafts.selectRowAria", { name: rule.display_name || rule.table_fqn })}
                             />
                           )}
                         </td>
@@ -929,7 +936,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                     <AlertTriangle className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-amber-500 shrink-0" />
                                   </TooltipTrigger>
                                   <TooltipContent>
-                                    <p>Duplicate: same check exists as {dupLabel ?? "another rule"}</p>
+                                    <p>{t("rulesDrafts.duplicateTooltip", { label: dupLabel ?? t("rulesDrafts.duplicateAnotherRule") })}</p>
                                   </TooltipContent>
                                 </Tooltip>
                               </TooltipProvider>
@@ -943,7 +950,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                             <LabelsBadges labels={details.labels} max={3} size="sm" />
                           )}
                         </td>
-                        <td className="p-3">{statusBadge(rule.status)}</td>
+                        <td className="p-3"><StatusBadge status={rule.status} /></td>
                         <td className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground whitespace-nowrap" title={rule.updated_by ?? rule.created_by ?? ""}>
                           {rule.updated_by ?? rule.created_by ?? "—"}
                         </td>
@@ -961,11 +968,11 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                   <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                                     <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 text-[10px] border-amber-400 text-amber-600">
                                       <AlertTriangle className="h-2.5 w-2.5" />
-                                      No ID
+                                      {t("rulesDrafts.noIdBadge")}
                                     </Badge>
                                   </TooltipTrigger>
                                   <TooltipContent>
-                                    <p>This rule has no internal ID. Click "Repair IDs" above to fix.</p>
+                                    <p>{t("rulesDrafts.noIdTooltip")}</p>
                                   </TooltipContent>
                                 </Tooltip>
                               </TooltipProvider>
@@ -983,14 +990,14 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                         className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs"
                                       >
                                         <SendHorizonal className="h-3 w-3 shrink-0" />
-                                        {busy ? "Submitting..." : "Submit"}
+                                        {busy ? t("rulesDrafts.submitting") : t("rulesDrafts.submit")}
                                       </Button>
                                     </span>
                                   </TooltipTrigger>
                                   <TooltipContent>
                                     {isDuplicate
-                                      ? `Cannot submit: same check exists as ${dupLabel ?? "another rule"}`
-                                      : "Send this rule for review and approval"}
+                                      ? t("rulesDrafts.cannotSubmitDuplicate", { label: dupLabel ?? t("rulesDrafts.duplicateAnotherRule") })
+                                      : t("rulesDrafts.submitTooltip")}
                                   </TooltipContent>
                                 </Tooltip>
                               </TooltipProvider>
@@ -1005,7 +1012,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                   className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-green-600"
                                 >
                                   <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-                                  {busy ? "..." : "Approve"}
+                                  {busy ? t("rulesDrafts.ellipsis") : t("rulesDrafts.approveAction")}
                                 </Button>
                                 <Button
                                   size="sm"
@@ -1015,7 +1022,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                   className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-red-600"
                                 >
                                   <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-                                  {busy ? "..." : "Reject"}
+                                  {busy ? t("rulesDrafts.ellipsis") : t("rulesDrafts.rejectAction")}
                                 </Button>
                               </>
                             )}
@@ -1029,7 +1036,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                 disabled={busy}
                                 onClick={() => handleRevoke(rule)}
                                 className="h-7 text-xs text-amber-600"
-                                title="Revoke submission and move back to draft"
+                                title={t("rulesDrafts.revokeTitle")}
                               >
                                 <Undo2 className="h-3 w-3" />
                               </Button>
@@ -1041,10 +1048,10 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                 disabled={busy}
                                 onClick={() => handleRevoke(rule)}
                                 className="gap-1 h-7 text-xs text-amber-600"
-                                title="Move rejected rule back to draft"
+                                title={t("rulesDrafts.unrejectTitle")}
                               >
                                 <Undo2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-                                {busy ? "..." : "Unreject"}
+                                {busy ? t("rulesDrafts.ellipsis") : t("rulesDrafts.unreject")}
                               </Button>
                             )}
                             {(rule.status === "draft" || rule.status === "rejected") &&
@@ -1074,7 +1081,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                         <FileEdit className="h-3 w-3" />
                                       </Button>
                                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                                    <TooltipContent>Edit this rule</TooltipContent>
+                                    <TooltipContent>{t("rulesDrafts.editRuleTooltip")}</TooltipContent>
                                   </Tooltip>
                                 </TooltipProvider>
                               )}
@@ -1096,7 +1103,7 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                         </Button>
                                       </span>
                                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                                    <TooltipContent>Revoke this submission first to edit</TooltipContent>
+                                    <TooltipContent>{t("rulesDrafts.revokeFirstToEdit")}</TooltipContent>
                                   </Tooltip>
                                 </TooltipProvider>
                               )}
@@ -1120,23 +1127,23 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                             <div className="px-6 py-4 space-y-3 border-l-4 border-primary/20">
                               <div className="grid grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-4 gap-4 text-xs">
                                 <div>
-                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">Function</span>
+                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">{t("rulesDrafts.function")}</span>
                                   <span className="font-mono">{details.fn}</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div>
-                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">Criticality</span>
+                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">{t("rulesDrafts.criticality")}</span>
                                   <Badge variant={details.criticality === "error" ? "destructive" : "secondary"} className="text-[10px]">
                                     {details.criticality}
                                   </Badge>
                                 </div>
                                 <div>
-                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">Source</span>
+                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium block mb-0.5">{t("rulesDrafts.source")}</span>
                                   <span>{rule.source ?? "—"}</span>
                                 </div>
                               </div>
                               {Object.keys(details.args).length > 0 && (
                                 <div>
-                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium text-xs block mb-1">Arguments</span>
+                                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-medium text-xs block mb-1">{t("rulesDrafts.arguments")}</span>
                                   <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
                                     {Object.entries(details.args).map(([k, v]) => (
                                       <span key={k} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 bg-muted rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-mono">
@@ -1160,12 +1167,12 @@ function DraftsPage() {
                                     }
                                   >
                                     <ExternalLink className="h-3 w-3" />
-                                    Edit rule
+                                    {t("rulesDrafts.editRule")}
                                   </Button>
                                 )}
                                 {!isOwnRule(rule) && (
                                   <span className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground italic">
-                                    Authored by {rule.created_by ?? "another user"} — only the author or an approver can edit, submit, or delete.
+                                    {t("rulesDrafts.authoredBy", { user: rule.created_by ?? t("rulesDrafts.anotherUser") })}
                                   </span>
                                 )}
                               </div>
@@ -1187,16 +1194,16 @@ function DraftsPage() {
               <div className="w-16 h-16 rounded-full bg-muted flex items-center justify-center mb-6">
                 <ClipboardCheck className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
               </div>
-              <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">No drafts or pending rules</h3>
+              <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesDrafts.noDraftsTitle")}</h3>
               <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1 max-w-md">
                 {canCreateRules
-                  ? "Newly created rules appear here for review before they become active."
-                  : "No rules are awaiting review."}
+                  ? t("rulesDrafts.noDraftsAuthor")
+                  : t("rulesDrafts.noDraftsViewer")}
               </p>
               {canCreateRules && (
                 <Button onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/rules/create" })} className="mt-4 gap-2">
                   <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-                  Create rules
+                  {t("rulesDrafts.createRules")}
                 </Button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -1207,22 +1214,22 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={!!singleDeleteTarget} onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setSingleDeleteTarget(null)}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Delete rule</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.deleteTitle")}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to delete this rule for{" "}
+              {t("rulesDrafts.deleteConfirmPrefix")}
               <span className="font-medium text-foreground">
                 {singleDeleteTarget?.display_name || singleDeleteTarget?.table_fqn}
               </span>
-              ? This action cannot be undone.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.deleteConfirmSuffix")}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction
               onClick={confirmSingleDelete}
               className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
             >
-              Delete
+              {t("rulesDrafts.delete")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1231,15 +1238,15 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={bulkRevokeOpen} onOpenChange={setBulkRevokeOpen}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Revoke {selectedRules.length} rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.revokeBulkTitle", { count: selectedRules.length })}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to revoke {selectedRules.length} selected rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}? They will be moved back to draft status.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.revokeBulkBody", { count: selectedRules.length })}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction onClick={confirmBulkRevoke}>
-              Revoke
+              {t("rulesDrafts.revoke")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1248,17 +1255,17 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={bulkSubmitOpen} onOpenChange={setBulkSubmitOpen}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Submit {bulkSubmitEligible.length} rule{bulkSubmitEligible.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} for approval</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.submitBulkTitle", { count: bulkSubmitEligible.length })}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              {bulkSubmitEligible.length} of {selectedRules.length} selected rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} will be submitted for approval.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.submitBulkBody", { eligible: bulkSubmitEligible.length, selected: selectedRules.length })}
               {selectedRules.length - bulkSubmitEligible.length > 0 &&
-                ` ${selectedRules.length - bulkSubmitEligible.length} will be skipped (not eligible or duplicate).`}
+                t("rulesDrafts.submitBulkSkipped", { count: selectedRules.length - bulkSubmitEligible.length })}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction onClick={confirmBulkSubmit}>
-              Submit
+              {t("rulesDrafts.submit")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1267,15 +1274,15 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={bulkApproveOpen} onOpenChange={setBulkApproveOpen}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Approve {selectedRules.length} rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.approveBulkTitle", { count: selectedRules.length })}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to approve {selectedRules.length} selected rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}? Approved rules will become active immediately.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.approveBulkBody", { count: selectedRules.length })}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction onClick={confirmBulkApprove}>
-              Approve
+              {t("rulesDrafts.approve")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1284,18 +1291,18 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={bulkRejectOpen} onOpenChange={setBulkRejectOpen}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Reject {selectedRules.length} rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.rejectBulkTitle", { count: selectedRules.length })}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to reject {selectedRules.length} selected rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}? Rejected rules will be moved back to the drafts list.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.rejectBulkBody", { count: selectedRules.length })}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction
               onClick={confirmBulkReject}
               className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
             >
-              Reject
+              {t("rulesDrafts.reject")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1304,18 +1311,18 @@ function DraftsPage() {
       <AlertDialog open={bulkDeleteOpen} onOpenChange={setBulkDeleteOpen}>
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Delete {selectedRules.length} rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("rulesDrafts.deleteBulkTitle", { count: selectedRules.length })}</AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to delete {selectedRules.length} selected rule{selectedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}? This action cannot be undone.
+              {t("rulesDrafts.deleteBulkBody", { count: selectedRules.length })}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("common.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction
               onClick={confirmBulkDelete}
               className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
             >
-              Delete
+              {t("rulesDrafts.delete")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.import.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.import.tsx
index abccfd849..771b7308b 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.import.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.import.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate, Navigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useState, useRef, useCallback, useMemo } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import {
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/rules/import")({
 });
 
 function ImportRulesPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { canCreateRules } = usePermissions();
   if (!canCreateRules) return <Navigate to="/rules/active" replace />;
 
@@ -84,14 +86,14 @@ function ImportRulesPage() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
       <PageBreadcrumb
-        items={[{ label: "Create Rules", to: "/rules/create" }]}
-        page="Import rules"
+        items={[{ label: t("rulesCreate.breadcrumb"), to: "/rules/create" }]}
+        page={t("rulesImport.breadcrumb")}
       />
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Import rules</h1>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("rulesImport.title")}</h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-            Import data quality rules from a YAML file.
+            {t("rulesImport.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ function ImportRulesPage() {
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const [yamlText, setYamlText] = useState("");
   const [parsedChecks, setParsedChecks] = useState<Record<string, unknown>[] | null>(null);
@@ -151,18 +154,18 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
           const resp = await dryRunResultsQuery.refetch();
           if (resp.data?.data) {
             setDryRunResult(resp.data.data);
-            toast.success("Dry run complete");
+            toast.success(t("rulesImport.dryRunComplete"));
           }
         } catch {
-          toast.error("Failed to fetch dry run results");
+          toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedFetchDryRun"));
         }
       } else {
-        toast.error(`Dry run failed: ${status.message || "Unknown error"}`);
+        toast.error(t("rulesImport.dryRunFailed", { message: status.message || t("common.unknownError") }));
       }
       setDryRunJobRunId(null);
     },
     onError: () => {
-      toast.error("Failed to check dry run status");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedCheckDryRunStatus"));
     },
   });
 
@@ -182,11 +185,11 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
 
   const handleDryRun = async () => {
     if (!targetTable) {
-      toast.error("Select a target table to dry-run against");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.selectTargetTable"));
       return;
     }
     if (dryRunnableChecks.length === 0) {
-      toast.error("No table-bound checks to dry-run (cross-table SQL checks are skipped)");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.noBoundChecks"));
       return;
     }
     try {
@@ -202,10 +205,10 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
       setDryRunRunId(resp.data.run_id);
       setDryRunJobRunId(resp.data.job_run_id);
       setDryRunViewFqn(resp.data.view_fqn ?? null);
-      toast.info("Dry run submitted — waiting for results...");
+      toast.info(t("rulesImport.dryRunSubmitted"));
     } catch (err) {
       const detail = (err as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string } } })?.response?.data?.detail;
-      toast.error(detail ? `Dry run failed: ${detail}` : "Failed to submit dry run");
+      toast.error(detail ? t("rulesImport.dryRunFailedDetail", { detail }) : t("rulesImport.failedSubmitDryRun"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -213,9 +216,9 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
     if (!dryRunRunId || dryRunJobRunId === null) return;
     try {
       await cancelDryRun(dryRunRunId, { job_run_id: dryRunJobRunId });
-      toast.info("Dry run canceled");
+      toast.info(t("rulesImport.dryRunCanceled"));
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to cancel dry run");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedCancelDryRun"));
     } finally {
       dryRunPolling.stopPolling();
       setDryRunJobRunId(null);
@@ -253,14 +256,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
       const parsed = yaml.load(text);
       if (parsed == null) return;
       if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        setParseError(
-          "YAML must be a list of check definitions, for example:\n" +
-          "- criticality: error\n" +
-          "  check:\n" +
-          "    function: is_not_null\n" +
-          "    arguments:\n" +
-          "      column: id",
-        );
+        setParseError(t("rulesImport.yamlMustBeList"));
         return;
       }
       if (parsed.some((item) => item == null || typeof item !== "object")) {
@@ -298,12 +294,12 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
       const resp = await validateMutation.mutateAsync({ data: { checks: parsedChecks } });
       setValidationResult(resp.data);
       if (resp.data.valid) {
-        toast.success("All checks are valid");
+        toast.success(t("rulesImport.allValid"));
       } else {
-        toast.error(`Validation found ${resp.data.errors.length} error(s)`);
+        toast.error(t("rulesImport.validationFoundErrors", { count: resp.data.errors.length }));
       }
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to validate checks");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedValidate"));
     }
   };
 
@@ -314,10 +310,10 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
     setIsSaving(true);
     try {
       await saveRules({ table_fqn: targetTable, checks: parsedChecks, source: "imported" } as SaveRulesIn);
-      toast.success(`Saved ${parsedChecks.length} check(s) as drafts`);
+      toast.success(t("rulesImport.savedDrafts", { count: parsedChecks.length }));
       onDone();
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to save rules");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedSaveRules"));
     } finally {
       setIsSaving(false);
     }
@@ -342,11 +338,11 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
         }
       }
 
-      if (submitted > 0) toast.success(`Submitted ${submitted} rule(s) for review`);
-      if (failed > 0) toast.error(`${failed} rule(s) failed to submit — saved as drafts instead`);
+      if (submitted > 0) toast.success(t("rulesImport.submittedReview", { count: submitted }));
+      if (failed > 0) toast.error(t("rulesImport.submitFailed", { count: failed }));
       onDone();
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to save rules");
+      toast.error(t("rulesImport.failedSaveRules"));
     } finally {
       setIsSubmitting(false);
     }
@@ -357,16 +353,16 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
       <CardHeader>
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
           <Upload className="h-4 w-4" />
-          Import from YAML
+          {t("rulesImport.importFromYaml")}
         </CardTitle>
         <CardDescription>
-          Upload a YAML file or paste YAML content. Each entry should follow the DQX check format.
+          {t("rulesImport.importDescription")}
         </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="space-y-6">
         {/* File upload */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
-          <Label>Upload YAML file</Label>
+          <Label>{t("rulesImport.uploadYamlFile")}</Label>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
             <Button
               variant="outline"
@@ -375,7 +371,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               className="gap-2"
             >
               <Upload className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Choose file
+              {t("rulesImport.chooseFile")}
             </Button>
             <input
               ref={fileInputRef}
@@ -384,13 +380,13 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               onChange={handleFileUpload}
               className="hidden"
             />
-            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">or paste below</span>
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesImport.orPasteBelow")}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         {/* YAML editor */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
-          <Label>YAML content</Label>
+          <Label>{t("rulesImport.yamlContent")}</Label>
           <Textarea
             value={yamlText}
             onChange={(e) => {
@@ -418,24 +414,24 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
         {parsedChecks && (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 p-3 rounded-lg bg-green-50 dark:bg-green-950/30 text-green-700 dark:text-green-400 text-sm">
             <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4 shrink-0" />
-            Loaded {parsedChecks.length} check{parsedChecks.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} from YAML
+            {t("rulesImport.loadedChecks", { count: parsedChecks.length })}
           </div>
         )}
 
         {/* Preview */}
         {parsedChecks && parsedChecks.length > 0 && (
           <div className="space-y-2">
-            <Label>Preview</Label>
+            <Label>{t("rulesImport.preview")}</Label>
             <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-auto max-h-[200px]">
               <table className="w-full text-xs">
                 <thead>
                   <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">#</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Name</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Function</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Arguments</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Criticality</th>
-                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">Labels</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerHash")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerName")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerFunction")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerArguments")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerCriticality")}</th>
+                    <th className="text-left p-2 font-medium">{t("rulesImport.headerLabels")}</th>
                   </tr>
                 </thead>
                 <tbody>
@@ -500,7 +496,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
           <div className="space-y-1 p-3 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 dark:bg-amber-950/30">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-amber-700 dark:text-amber-400 text-sm font-medium">
               <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Validation errors
+              {t("rulesImport.validationErrors")}
             </div>
             <ul className="text-xs text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400/80 list-disc pl-5 space-y-0.5">
               {validationResult.errors.map((err, i) => (
@@ -514,7 +510,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
 
         {/* Target table + actions */}
         <div className="space-y-3">
-          <Label>Target table</Label>
+          <Label>{t("rulesImport.targetTable")}</Label>
           <CatalogBrowser
             value={targetTable}
             onChange={setTargetTable}
@@ -534,7 +530,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
             ) : (
               <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4" />
             )}
-            Validate
+            {t("rulesImport.validate")}
           </Button>
 
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
@@ -546,11 +542,11 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
                 <SelectValue />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="100">100 rows</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="500">500 rows</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="1000">1,000 rows</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="5000">5,000 rows</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="10000">10,000 rows</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="100">{t("rulesImport.rowsOption", { count: 100 })}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="500">{t("rulesImport.rowsOption", { count: 500 })}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="1000">{t("rulesImport.thousandRows")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="5000">{t("rulesImport.fiveThousandRows")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="10000">{t("rulesImport.tenThousandRows")}</SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
             <Tooltip>
@@ -559,11 +555,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               </TooltipTrigger>
               <TooltipContent className="max-w-xs">
                 <p className="text-xs leading-relaxed">
-                  Dry-run validates only the first <strong>1–10,000 rows</strong>{" "}
-                  of the target table — it&apos;s a fast preview, not a full
-                  validation. To run imported rules against every row after
-                  approval, go to <strong>Run Rules</strong> and pick{" "}
-                  <strong>&quot;All rows&quot;</strong>.
+                  {t("rulesImport.dryRunTooltip")}
                 </p>
               </TooltipContent>
             </Tooltip>
@@ -584,7 +576,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               size="sm"
             >
               <Play className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Dry run
+              {t("rulesImport.dryRun")}
             </Button>
           ) : (
             <Button
@@ -594,7 +586,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               size="sm"
             >
               <Square className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Cancel dry run
+              {t("rulesImport.cancelDryRun")}
             </Button>
           )}
 
@@ -611,7 +603,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               ) : (
                 <Save className="h-4 w-4" />
               )}
-              Save as drafts
+              {t("rulesImport.saveAsDrafts")}
             </Button>
             <Button
               onClick={handleSubmitForReview}
@@ -624,7 +616,7 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
               ) : (
                 <Send className="h-4 w-4" />
               )}
-              Submit for review
+              {t("rulesImport.submitForReview")}
             </Button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -632,16 +624,13 @@ function YamlImportCard({ onDone }: { onDone: () => void }) {
         {isDryRunning && (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 p-3 rounded-lg bg-muted/40 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
             <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
-            Dry run in progress on{" "}
+            {t("rulesImport.dryRunInProgress")}
             <span className="font-mono text-foreground">{targetTable}</span>
             {" — "}
-            sampling {dryRunSampleSize.toLocaleString()} row
-            {dryRunSampleSize !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+            {t("rulesImport.samplingRows", { count: dryRunSampleSize })}
             {parsedChecks && dryRunnableChecks.length < parsedChecks.length && (
               <span>
-                {" "}
-                · {parsedChecks.length - dryRunnableChecks.length} cross-table check
-                {parsedChecks.length - dryRunnableChecks.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} skipped
+                {t("rulesImport.crossTableSkipped", { count: parsedChecks.length - dryRunnableChecks.length })}
               </span>
             )}
           </div>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
index f8f3ee5f9..79deeffad 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createFileRoute, useNavigate, Navigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useUnsavedGuard } from "@/hooks/use-unsaved-guard";
 import { useState, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
+import { useTranslation, Trans } from "react-i18next";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { PageBreadcrumb } from "@/components/apx/PageBreadcrumb";
 import {
@@ -149,88 +150,79 @@ interface CheckFunctionDef {
  * out of the box; we only add an entry when the default is wrong or
  * confusing.
  */
+type TFunc = (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
+
 type ArgOverride = Partial<Pick<CheckFunctionArg, "label" | "hint" | "help">>;
 interface CheckFunctionOverride {
   /** Cross-argument validator (e.g. ``is_in_range`` requires at least one bound). */
-  crossArgValidate?: (args: Record<string, string>) => string | null;
+  crossArgValidate?: (args: Record<string, string>, t: TFunc) => string | null;
   /** Per-argument label/hint/help overrides keyed by *engine* parameter name. */
   args?: Record<string, ArgOverride>;
 }
 
-const CHECK_FUNCTION_OVERRIDES: Record<string, CheckFunctionOverride> = {
-  // ``is_in_range`` — each bound is individually optional in DQX, but a
-  // check with neither bound is meaningless. Demand at least one.
-  is_in_range: {
-    crossArgValidate: (args) => {
-      const hasMin = (args.min_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
-      const hasMax = (args.max_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
-      if (!hasMin && !hasMax) return "Provide at least one of Min Limit or Max Limit.";
-      return null;
+function buildCheckFunctionOverrides(t: TFunc): Record<string, CheckFunctionOverride> {
+  return {
+    is_in_range: {
+      crossArgValidate: (args) => {
+        const hasMin = (args.min_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
+        const hasMax = (args.max_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
+        if (!hasMin && !hasMax) return t("rulesSingleTable.crossArgRangeNeedsBound");
+        return null;
+      },
     },
-  },
-  is_not_in_range: {
-    crossArgValidate: (args) => {
-      const hasMin = (args.min_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
-      const hasMax = (args.max_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
-      if (!hasMin && !hasMax) return "Provide at least one of Min Limit or Max Limit.";
-      return null;
+    is_not_in_range: {
+      crossArgValidate: (args) => {
+        const hasMin = (args.min_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
+        const hasMax = (args.max_limit ?? "").trim() !== "";
+        if (!hasMin && !hasMax) return t("rulesSingleTable.crossArgRangeNeedsBound");
+        return null;
+      },
     },
-  },
-  // ``is_unique`` accepts a list of columns. The UI captures them as a
-  // CSV under ``col_name``; surface that intent in the placeholder.
-  is_unique: {
-    args: {
-      columns: { label: "Column Name(s)", hint: "comma-separated, e.g. id or col1, col2" },
-      nulls_distinct: {
-        help: "When true (default), NULL values are treated as distinct from each other.",
+    is_unique: {
+      args: {
+        columns: {
+          label: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideColumnsLabel"),
+          hint: t("rulesSingleTable.argHintIsUniqueColumns"),
+        },
+        nulls_distinct: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpNullsDistinct") },
       },
     },
-  },
-  is_not_empty: {
-    args: { trim_strings: { help: "When true, treat whitespace-only values as empty." } },
-  },
-  is_not_null_and_not_empty: {
-    args: { trim_strings: { help: "When true, treat whitespace-only values as empty." } },
-  },
-  is_empty: {
-    args: { trim_strings: { help: "When true, treat whitespace-only values as empty." } },
-  },
-  is_null_or_empty: {
-    args: { trim_strings: { help: "When true, treat whitespace-only values as empty." } },
-  },
-  is_in_list: {
-    args: {
-      case_sensitive: { help: "When false, the comparison is case-insensitive." },
+    is_not_empty: {
+      args: { trim_strings: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpTrimStrings") } },
     },
-  },
-  is_not_in_list: {
-    args: {
-      case_sensitive: { help: "When false, the comparison is case-insensitive." },
+    is_not_null_and_not_empty: {
+      args: { trim_strings: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpTrimStrings") } },
     },
-  },
-  is_valid_date: {
-    args: {
-      date_format: { help: "Optional. Leave blank to use DQX's default ISO date parser." },
+    is_empty: {
+      args: { trim_strings: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpTrimStrings") } },
     },
-  },
-  is_valid_timestamp: {
-    args: {
-      timestamp_format: { help: "Optional. Leave blank to use DQX's default ISO timestamp parser." },
+    is_null_or_empty: {
+      args: { trim_strings: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpTrimStrings") } },
     },
-  },
-  sql_expression: {
-    args: {
-      negate: { help: "When true, the rule fails when the expression evaluates to true." },
-      msg: { hint: "Optional error message override" },
-      name: { hint: "Optional custom name" },
+    is_in_list: {
+      args: { case_sensitive: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpCaseSensitive") } },
     },
-  },
-  regex_match: {
-    args: {
-      negate: { help: "When true, the rule fails when the value matches the pattern." },
+    is_not_in_list: {
+      args: { case_sensitive: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpCaseSensitive") } },
     },
-  },
-};
+    is_valid_date: {
+      args: { date_format: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpDateFormat") } },
+    },
+    is_valid_timestamp: {
+      args: { timestamp_format: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpTimestampFormat") } },
+    },
+    sql_expression: {
+      args: {
+        negate: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpNegateExpression") },
+        msg: { hint: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHintMsg") },
+        name: { hint: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHintName") },
+      },
+    },
+    regex_match: {
+      args: { negate: { help: t("rulesSingleTable.overrideHelpNegateRegex") } },
+    },
+  };
+}
 
 /**
  * Module-level mutable registry, populated from
@@ -258,6 +250,7 @@ function apiParamToArg(
   param: ApiCheckFunctionParam,
   overrides: Record<string, ArgOverride> | undefined,
   fnName: string,
+  t: TFunc,
 ): CheckFunctionArg {
   const isColumnParam = param.kind === "column" || param.kind === "columns";
   const localName = isColumnParam ? "col_name" : param.name;
@@ -266,7 +259,7 @@ function apiParamToArg(
   // ``columns`` list-of-columns is rendered through the same column
   // input but with a multi-column hint; honour any explicit override
   // first, then fall back to the generic per-arg hint.
-  const defaultHint = argHint(localName, fnName) || (param.kind === "columns" ? "comma-separated, e.g. id or col1, col2" : undefined);
+  const defaultHint = argHint(localName, fnName, t) || (param.kind === "columns" ? t("rulesSingleTable.argHintIsUniqueColumns") : undefined);
   const type: ArgType =
     param.kind === "boolean"
       ? "boolean"
@@ -279,7 +272,7 @@ function apiParamToArg(
       : "string";
   const arg: CheckFunctionArg = {
     name: localName,
-    label: ov.label ?? argLabel(localName),
+    label: ov.label ?? argLabel(localName, t),
     type,
     required: param.required,
   };
@@ -291,10 +284,12 @@ function apiParamToArg(
   return arg;
 }
 
-function apiToCheckFunctions(apiList: ApiCheckFunctionDef[]): CheckFunctionDef[] {
+function apiToCheckFunctions(apiList: ApiCheckFunctionDef[], t: TFunc): CheckFunctionDef[] {
+  const overridesByFn = buildCheckFunctionOverrides(t);
   return apiList.map((api) => {
-    const overrides = CHECK_FUNCTION_OVERRIDES[api.name];
-    const args = (api.params ?? []).map((p) => apiParamToArg(p, overrides?.args, api.name));
+    const overrides = overridesByFn[api.name];
+    const args = (api.params ?? []).map((p) => apiParamToArg(p, overrides?.args, api.name, t));
+    const crossValidator = overrides?.crossArgValidate;
     return {
       value: api.name,
       label: api.name,
@@ -302,8 +297,8 @@ function apiToCheckFunctions(apiList: ApiCheckFunctionDef[]): CheckFunctionDef[]
       category: api.category,
       ruleType: api.rule_type,
       args,
-      ...(overrides?.crossArgValidate
-        ? { crossArgValidate: overrides.crossArgValidate }
+      ...(crossValidator
+        ? { crossArgValidate: (args: Record<string, string>) => crossValidator(args, t) }
         : {}),
     };
   });
@@ -316,10 +311,11 @@ function apiToCheckFunctions(apiList: ApiCheckFunctionDef[]): CheckFunctionDef[]
  * helpers read the mirrored variable directly.
  */
 function useCheckFunctionsRegistry(): CheckFunctionDef[] {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data } = useListCheckFunctions();
   const fns = useMemo(
-    () => apiToCheckFunctions(data?.data?.functions ?? []),
-    [data],
+    () => apiToCheckFunctions(data?.data?.functions ?? [], t),
+    [data, t],
   );
   useEffect(() => {
     CHECK_FUNCTIONS = fns;
@@ -529,6 +525,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/rules/single-table")({
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function UnifiedRulesPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { canCreateRules } = usePermissions();
   if (!canCreateRules) return <Navigate to="/rules/active" replace />;
 
@@ -590,7 +587,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
           draft.ruleId = editRuleId;
           draft.originalTable = target.table_fqn;
           setChecks([draft]);
-          toast.info(`Editing rule for ${target.table_fqn.split(".").pop()}`);
+          toast.info(t("rulesSingleTable.editingRuleFor", { table: target.table_fqn.split(".").pop() }));
         }
       }
     } else {
@@ -610,7 +607,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         }
         if (drafts.length > 0) {
           setChecks(drafts);
-          toast.info(`Loaded ${drafts.length} existing rule${drafts.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} for ${initialTable!.split(".").pop()}`);
+          toast.info(t("rulesSingleTable.loadedExistingRules", { count: drafts.length, table: initialTable!.split(".").pop() }));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -656,18 +653,18 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
           const resp = await dryRunResultsQuery.refetch();
           if (resp.data?.data) {
             setDryRunResult(resp.data.data);
-            toast.success("Dry run complete");
+            toast.success(t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunComplete"));
           }
         } catch {
-          toast.error("Failed to fetch dry run results");
+          toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunFetchFailed"));
         }
       } else {
-        toast.error(`Dry run failed: ${status.message || "Unknown error"}`);
+        toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunFailed", { message: status.message || t("rulesSingleTable.toastUnknownError") }));
       }
       setDryRunJobRunId(null);
     },
     onError: () => {
-      toast.error("Failed to check dry run status");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastFailedCheckStatus"));
     },
   });
 
@@ -700,20 +697,20 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
       if (empties.length === 0) {
         // Every check already has a target — surface a hint so the user
         // knows the discovery selection is intentional but not applied.
-        toast.info("All checks already have a target table.", {
-          description: `Use a check's "Target tables" panel to add ${fqn} explicitly.`,
+        toast.info(t("rulesSingleTable.toastAllChecksHaveTarget"), {
+          description: t("rulesSingleTable.toastAllChecksHaveTargetDescription", { table: fqn }),
         });
         return prev;
       }
-      toast.success(`Targeted ${empties.length} check${empties.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} at ${fqn}`, {
-        description: "Checks with explicit targets were left unchanged.",
+      toast.success(t("rulesSingleTable.toastTargetedChecks", { count: empties.length, table: fqn }), {
+        description: t("rulesSingleTable.toastTargetedChecksDescription"),
         duration: 2500,
       });
       return prev.map((c) =>
         c.targetTables.length === 0 ? { ...c, targetTables: [fqn] } : c,
       );
     });
-  }, []);
+  }, [t]);
 
   const hasRefTable = aiReferenceTable.split(".").length === 3;
   const effectiveTable = hasRefTable ? aiReferenceTable : (isTableFqn ? initialTable : undefined);
@@ -737,15 +734,15 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         }
       }
       if (drafts.length === 0) {
-        toast.error("AI did not generate any valid checks. Try a different description.");
+        toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastAiNoChecks"));
         return;
       }
       const hasOnlyEmptyDefault = checks.length === 1 && checks[0].fn === "";
       setChecks(hasOnlyEmptyDefault ? drafts : [...checks, ...drafts]);
-      toast.success(`${drafts.length} check${drafts.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} generated by AI`);
+      toast.success(t("rulesSingleTable.toastAiGenerated", { count: drafts.length }));
       setAiPrompt("");
     } catch {
-      toast.error("AI generation failed. Please try again.");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastAiFailed"));
     } finally {
       setAiGenerating(false);
     }
@@ -780,29 +777,29 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
             return false;
           }
           // Per-arg syntax must pass.
-          return def.args.every((a) => validateArg(a.name, c.args[a.name] ?? "", c.fn) === null);
+          return def.args.every((a) => validateArg(a.name, c.args[a.name] ?? "", c.fn, t) === null);
         }
         // Custom/unknown function: valid as long as all populated args are non-empty.
         return Object.values(c.args).every((v) => (v ?? "").trim() !== "");
       }) &&
       totalTargetPairs > 0
     );
-  }, [checks, totalTargetPairs, checkFunctions]);
+  }, [checks, totalTargetPairs, checkFunctions, t]);
 
   const validationMessage = useMemo(() => {
-    if (checks.some((c) => c.fn === "")) return "Select a function for every check";
-    if (totalTargetPairs === 0) return "Assign at least one target table to a check";
+    if (checks.some((c) => c.fn === "")) return t("rulesSingleTable.selectFunctionForEvery");
+    if (totalTargetPairs === 0) return t("rulesSingleTable.assignAtLeastOneTable");
     // Surface the first incomplete required arg so the user knows what's missing.
     for (const c of checks) {
       const def = checkFunctions.find((f) => f.value === c.fn);
       if (!def) continue;
       const missing = def.args.find((a) => a.required && (c.args[a.name] ?? "").trim() === "");
-      if (missing) return `"${missing.label}" is required for ${def.label}`;
+      if (missing) return t("rulesSingleTable.argRequiredFor", { label: missing.label, fn: def.label });
       const crossErr = def.crossArgValidate?.(c.args);
       if (crossErr) return crossErr;
     }
     return null;
-  }, [checks, totalTargetPairs, checkFunctions]);
+  }, [checks, totalTargetPairs, checkFunctions, t]);
 
   // ── Real-time duplicate detection ──────────────────────────────────
   const [dupCheckIds, setDupCheckIds] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
@@ -893,12 +890,12 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
 
   const handleDryRun = async () => {
     if (!dryRunTable) {
-      toast.error("Select a table to run a dry run against");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastSelectTable"));
       return;
     }
     const checksForTable = buildChecksForTable(checks, dryRunTable);
     if (checksForTable.length === 0) {
-      toast.error("No checks target the selected table");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastNoChecksTargetTable"));
       return;
     }
     try {
@@ -909,11 +906,11 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
       setDryRunRunId(resp.data.run_id);
       setDryRunJobRunId(resp.data.job_run_id);
       setDryRunViewFqn(resp.data.view_fqn ?? null);
-      toast.info("Dry run submitted — waiting for results...");
+      toast.info(t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunSubmitted"));
     } catch (err) {
       const axErr = err as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string } } };
       const detail = axErr?.response?.data?.detail;
-      toast.error(detail ? `Dry run failed: ${detail}` : "Failed to submit dry run");
+      toast.error(detail ? t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunSubmitFailedDetail", { detail }) : t("rulesSingleTable.toastDryRunSubmitFailed"));
       console.error("Dry run error:", err);
     }
   };
@@ -923,7 +920,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
       const fnDef = checkFunctions.find((f) => f.value === c.fn);
       if (fnDef) {
         // Per-arg syntax errors.
-        if (fnDef.args.some((a) => validateArg(a.name, c.args[a.name] ?? "", c.fn) !== null)) {
+        if (fnDef.args.some((a) => validateArg(a.name, c.args[a.name] ?? "", c.fn, t) !== null)) {
           return true;
         }
         // Cross-arg constraints.
@@ -933,14 +930,14 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         return false;
       }
       // Custom/unknown function — best-effort syntax check on every populated arg.
-      return Object.keys(c.args).some((arg) => validateArg(arg, c.args[arg] ?? "", c.fn) !== null);
+      return Object.keys(c.args).some((arg) => validateArg(arg, c.args[arg] ?? "", c.fn, t) !== null);
     });
-  }, [checks, checkFunctions]);
+  }, [checks, checkFunctions, t]);
 
   // Save handlers
   const handleSave = async (andSubmit: boolean) => {
     if (hasArgErrors) {
-      toast.error("Fix validation errors before saving.");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastFixValidationErrors"));
       return;
     }
     setIsSaving(true);
@@ -977,23 +974,23 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
               if (r.rule_id) {
                 try { await submitRuleForApproval(r.rule_id); } catch (submitErr) {
                   const detail = (submitErr as { body?: { detail?: string } })?.body?.detail ?? String(submitErr);
-                  toast.warning(`Rule updated but submission failed: ${detail}`, { duration: 6000 });
+                  toast.warning(t("rulesSingleTable.toastUpdatedSubmissionFailed", { detail }), { duration: 6000 });
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         } catch (e) {
           const detail = (e as { body?: { detail?: string } })?.body?.detail ?? String(e);
-          failedMessages.push(`Update failed: ${detail}`);
+          failedMessages.push(t("rulesSingleTable.toastUpdateFailed", { detail }));
         }
         // Queue any *added* tables as fresh rules.
-        for (const t of c.targetTables) {
-          if (t === orig) continue;
-          additionalRuleSpecs.push({ check: c, table: t });
+        for (const tbl of c.targetTables) {
+          if (tbl === orig) continue;
+          additionalRuleSpecs.push({ check: c, table: tbl });
         }
         if (!stillTargetsOriginal) {
           toast.warning(
-            `${orig.split(".").pop()}: original target was removed in the editor but the rule was kept. Delete it from Drafts if you no longer want it.`,
+            t("rulesSingleTable.toastOriginalTargetRemoved", { table: orig.split(".").pop() }),
             { duration: 7000 },
           );
         }
@@ -1036,7 +1033,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         }
         if (dupMessages.length > 0) {
           toast.error(
-            `Duplicate rules already exist and cannot be saved:\n${dupMessages.join("\n")}`,
+            t("rulesSingleTable.toastDuplicatesExist", { messages: dupMessages.join("\n") }),
             { duration: 8000 },
           );
           if (updatedCount === 0) { setIsSaving(false); return; }
@@ -1051,7 +1048,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                   if (r.rule_id) {
                     try { await submitRuleForApproval(r.rule_id); } catch (submitErr) {
                       const detail = (submitErr as { body?: { detail?: string } })?.body?.detail ?? String(submitErr);
-                      toast.warning(`Rule saved but submission failed: ${detail}`, { duration: 6000 });
+                      toast.warning(t("rulesSingleTable.toastSavedSubmissionFailed", { detail }), { duration: 6000 });
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -1068,12 +1065,12 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
       const totalSuccess = updatedCount + createdCount;
       if (totalSuccess > 0) {
         const parts: string[] = [];
-        if (updatedCount > 0) parts.push(`${updatedCount} updated`);
-        if (createdCount > 0) parts.push(`${createdCount} created`);
+        if (updatedCount > 0) parts.push(t("rulesSingleTable.toastUpdatedCount", { count: updatedCount }));
+        if (createdCount > 0) parts.push(t("rulesSingleTable.toastCreatedCount", { count: createdCount }));
         toast.success(
           andSubmit
-            ? `Rules ${parts.join(", ")} and submitted`
-            : `Rules ${parts.join(", ")} as drafts`,
+            ? t("rulesSingleTable.toastRulesSavedAndSubmitted", { parts: parts.join(", ") })
+            : t("rulesSingleTable.toastRulesSavedAsDrafts", { parts: parts.join(", ") }),
         );
       }
       if (failedMessages.length > 0) {
@@ -1084,7 +1081,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         navigate({ to: "/rules/drafts" });
       }
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to save rules");
+      toast.error(t("rulesSingleTable.toastFailedSaveRules"));
     } finally {
       setIsSaving(false);
     }
@@ -1097,7 +1094,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
     return (
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-20 gap-3 text-muted-foreground">
         <Loader2 className="h-5 w-5 animate-spin" />
-        <span>Loading rules for {initialTable?.split(".").pop()}...</span>
+        <span>{t("rulesSingleTable.loadingRulesFor", { table: initialTable?.split(".").pop() })}</span>
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -1107,17 +1104,17 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
       {/* Header */}
       <div className="space-y-2">
         <PageBreadcrumb
-          items={[{ label: "Create Rules", to: "/rules/create" }]}
-          page={isEditMode ? "Edit rules" : "Single table rules"}
+          items={[{ label: t("rulesSingleTable.createRulesBreadcrumb"), to: "/rules/create" }]}
+          page={isEditMode ? t("rulesSingleTable.editTitle") : t("rulesSingleTable.title")}
         />
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-            {isEditMode ? "Edit rules" : "Single table rules"}
+            {isEditMode ? t("rulesSingleTable.editTitle") : t("rulesSingleTable.title")}
           </h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground">
             {isEditMode
-              ? `Editing rules for ${initialTable}. Run a dry run or save changes.`
-              : "Define rules with AI or manually, assign tables, then validate and save."}
+              ? t("rulesSingleTable.editSubtitle", { table: initialTable })
+              : t("rulesSingleTable.createSubtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -1127,7 +1124,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="text-base flex items-center gap-2">
             <span className="inline-flex items-center justify-center h-6 w-6 rounded-full bg-primary text-primary-foreground text-xs font-bold">1</span>
-            Define Rules
+            {t("rulesSingleTable.defineRulesStep")}
           </CardTitle>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent className="space-y-5">
@@ -1135,11 +1132,11 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
           <div className="border border-violet-200 dark:border-violet-800 rounded-lg p-4 bg-violet-50/50 dark:bg-violet-950/30 space-y-3">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-1">
               <Sparkles className="h-4 w-4 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400" />
-              <span className="text-sm font-medium text-violet-900 dark:text-violet-200">Generate with AI</span>
+              <span className="text-sm font-medium text-violet-900 dark:text-violet-200">{t("rulesSingleTable.generateWithAi")}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="space-y-2">
               <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                Reference table (optional — provides column context to AI)
+                {t("rulesSingleTable.referenceTableLabel")}
               </Label>
               <CatalogBrowser
                 value={aiReferenceTable}
@@ -1151,7 +1148,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
               <Textarea
                 value={aiPrompt}
                 onChange={(e) => setAiPrompt(e.target.value)}
-                placeholder="e.g. All ID columns must not be null, email must be valid format, amounts must be positive"
+                placeholder={t("rulesSingleTable.aiPromptPlaceholder")}
                 className="min-h-[52px] resize-none text-sm"
                 disabled={aiGenerating}
                 onKeyDown={(e) => {
@@ -1172,7 +1169,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 ) : (
                   <Sparkles className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                 )}
-                {aiGenerating ? "Generating..." : "Generate"}
+                {aiGenerating ? t("rulesSingleTable.generating") : t("rulesSingleTable.generate")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -1198,7 +1195,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
               ))}
               <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={addCheck} className="gap-1" disabled={isBusy}>
                 <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
-                Add check
+                {t("rulesSingleTable.addCheck")}
               </Button>
             </div>
             <div className="order-1 xl:order-2 min-w-0">
@@ -1218,10 +1215,10 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         <CardHeader>
           <CardTitle className="text-base flex items-center gap-2">
             <span className="inline-flex items-center justify-center h-6 w-6 rounded-full bg-primary text-primary-foreground text-xs font-bold">2</span>
-            Validate & Save
+            {t("rulesSingleTable.validateSaveStep")}
           </CardTitle>
           <CardDescription>
-            Run a dry run against a specific table to validate, then save rules.
+            {t("rulesSingleTable.validateSaveDescription")}
           </CardDescription>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent className="space-y-5">
@@ -1231,30 +1228,29 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
               <div className="flex items-center gap-3 flex-wrap">
                 <Select value={dryRunTable} onValueChange={setDryRunTable}>
                   <SelectTrigger className="h-9 text-xs max-w-xs">
-                    <SelectValue placeholder="Select table for dry run..." />
+                    <SelectValue placeholder={t("rulesSingleTable.selectTableForDryRun")} />
                   </SelectTrigger>
                   <SelectContent>
-                    {allTargetTables.map((t) => (
-                      <SelectItem key={t} value={t} className="text-xs font-mono">
-                        {t}
+                    {allTargetTables.map((tbl) => (
+                      <SelectItem key={tbl} value={tbl} className="text-xs font-mono">
+                        {tbl}
                       </SelectItem>
                     ))}
                   </SelectContent>
                 </Select>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
                   <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground whitespace-nowrap flex items-center gap-1">
-                    Sample rows
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.sampleRows")}
                     <Tooltip>
                       <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                         <Info className="h-3 w-3 cursor-help" />
                       </TooltipTrigger>
                       <TooltipContent className="max-w-xs">
                         <p className="text-xs leading-relaxed">
-                          Dry-run validates only the first <strong>1–10,000 rows</strong>{" "}
-                          of the selected table — it&apos;s a fast preview, not a
-                          full validation. To run rules against every row, go to{" "}
-                          <strong>Run Rules</strong> and pick{" "}
-                          <strong>&quot;All rows&quot;</strong>.
+                          <Trans
+                            i18nKey="rulesSingleTable.sampleRowsTooltip"
+                            components={{ strong: <strong /> }}
+                          />
                         </p>
                       </TooltipContent>
                     </Tooltip>
@@ -1269,7 +1265,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                     className="w-24 h-9 text-xs"
                   />
                   <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground whitespace-nowrap">
-                    max 10,000
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.maxRows")}
                   </span>
                 </div>
                 <Button
@@ -1284,7 +1280,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                   ) : (
                     <Play className="h-4 w-4" />
                   )}
-                  {isDryRunning ? "Running..." : "Dry Run"}
+                  {isDryRunning ? t("rulesSingleTable.running") : t("rulesSingleTable.dryRun")}
                 </Button>
               </div>
 
@@ -1292,7 +1288,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
                   <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
                   <span>
-                    Job status: <span className="font-medium">{dryRunPolling.status.state}</span>
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.jobStatus")} <span className="font-medium">{dryRunPolling.status.state}</span>
                   </span>
                 </div>
               )}
@@ -1319,14 +1315,19 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 <>
                   <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-red-500" />
                   <span className="text-red-600">
-                    {dupCheckIds.size} check{dupCheckIds.size !== 1 ? "s" : ""} already exist for the selected table{allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.duplicateChecksExist", { count: dupCheckIds.size, tablesPlural: allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : "" })}
                   </span>
                 </>
               ) : (
                 <span>
-                  {checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length} check{checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} &rarr;{" "}
-                  <strong>{totalTargetPairs}</strong> rule{totalTargetPairs !== 1 ? "s" : ""} across{" "}
-                  <strong>{allTargetTables.length}</strong> table{allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                  {t("rulesSingleTable.summary", {
+                    checks: checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length,
+                    checksPlural: checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length !== 1 ? "s" : "",
+                    rules: totalTargetPairs,
+                    rulesPlural: totalTargetPairs !== 1 ? "s" : "",
+                    tables: allTargetTables.length,
+                    tablesPlural: allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : "",
+                  })}
                   {dupChecking && <Loader2 className="inline h-3 w-3 animate-spin ml-2" />}
                 </span>
               )}
@@ -1337,7 +1338,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 onClick={() => navigate({ to: cancelTarget })}
                 disabled={isBusy}
               >
-                Cancel
+                {t("common.cancel")}
               </Button>
               <Button
                 variant="outline"
@@ -1350,7 +1351,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 ) : (
                   <Save className="h-4 w-4" />
                 )}
-                {isSingleRuleEdit ? "Update rule" : "Save as drafts"}
+                {isSingleRuleEdit ? t("rulesSingleTable.updateRule") : t("rulesSingleTable.saveAsDrafts")}
               </Button>
               <Button
                 onClick={() => handleSave(true)}
@@ -1362,7 +1363,7 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 ) : (
                   <SendHorizonal className="h-4 w-4" />
                 )}
-                {isSingleRuleEdit ? "Update & submit" : "Submit for Review"}
+                {isSingleRuleEdit ? t("rulesSingleTable.updateAndSubmit") : t("rulesSingleTable.submitForReview")}
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -1373,18 +1374,18 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
         <AlertDialogContent>
           <AlertDialogHeader>
             <AlertDialogTitle>
-              {isDryRunning ? "Dry run in progress" : "Unsaved changes"}
+              {isDryRunning ? t("rulesSingleTable.dryRunInProgressTitle") : t("rulesSingleTable.unsavedChangesTitle")}
             </AlertDialogTitle>
             <AlertDialogDescription>
               {isDryRunning
-                ? "A dry run is currently running. Leaving will cancel it and discard any results."
-                : "You have unsaved rule changes. Leaving will discard your edits."}
+                ? t("rulesSingleTable.dryRunInProgressDescription")
+                : t("rulesSingleTable.unsavedChangesDescription")}
             </AlertDialogDescription>
           </AlertDialogHeader>
           <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel onClick={() => blocker.reset?.()}>Stay on page</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogCancel onClick={() => blocker.reset?.()}>{t("rulesSingleTable.stayOnPage")}</AlertDialogCancel>
             <AlertDialogAction onClick={handleConfirmLeave} className="bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90">
-              {isDryRunning ? "Leave & cancel dry run" : "Discard & leave"}
+              {isDryRunning ? t("rulesSingleTable.leaveCancelDryRun") : t("rulesSingleTable.discardLeave")}
             </AlertDialogAction>
           </AlertDialogFooter>
         </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -1409,7 +1410,7 @@ function buildChecksForTable(
 const COLUMN_NAME_REGEX = /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.]*$/;
 const SQL_KEYWORD_PATTERN = /\b(DROP|DELETE|INSERT|UPDATE|ALTER|TRUNCATE|CREATE|GRANT|REVOKE|MERGE)\b/i;
 
-function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn?: string): string | null {
+function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn: string | undefined, t: TFunc): string | null {
   if (!value.trim()) return null;
   switch (arg) {
     case "col_name": {
@@ -1418,7 +1419,7 @@ function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn?: string): string | null {
         : [value.trim()];
       for (const name of names) {
         if (!COLUMN_NAME_REGEX.test(name)) {
-          return `"${name}" is not a valid column name. Use letters, numbers, underscores, and dots only.`;
+          return t("rulesSingleTable.argInvalidColumnName", { name });
         }
       }
       return null;
@@ -1426,12 +1427,12 @@ function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn?: string): string | null {
     case "allowed":
     case "forbidden": {
       if (value.includes(";")) {
-        return "Semicolons are not allowed in list values.";
+        return t("rulesSingleTable.argSemicolonsListNotAllowed");
       }
       const items = value.split(",").map((s) => s.trim());
       for (const item of items) {
         if (SQL_KEYWORD_PATTERN.test(item)) {
-          return `"${item}" contains a prohibited SQL keyword.`;
+          return t("rulesSingleTable.argProhibitedSqlKeyword", { item });
         }
       }
       return null;
@@ -1440,16 +1441,16 @@ function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn?: string): string | null {
     case "min_limit":
     case "max_limit": {
       if (value.trim() !== "" && isNaN(Number(value.trim()))) {
-        return "Must be a numeric value.";
+        return t("rulesSingleTable.argMustBeNumeric");
       }
       return null;
     }
     case "expression": {
       if (value.includes(";")) {
-        return "Semicolons are not allowed in expressions.";
+        return t("rulesSingleTable.argSemicolonsExpressionNotAllowed");
       }
       if (SQL_KEYWORD_PATTERN.test(value)) {
-        return "Expression contains a prohibited SQL keyword (DROP, DELETE, INSERT, etc.).";
+        return t("rulesSingleTable.argExpressionProhibitedKeyword");
       }
       return null;
     }
@@ -1464,37 +1465,37 @@ function validateArg(arg: string, value: string, fn?: string): string | null {
  * when we don't have an explicit label, so newly surfaced DQX arguments
  * still render reasonably without requiring a UI change.
  */
-function argLabel(arg: string): string {
+function argLabel(arg: string, t: TFunc): string {
   switch (arg) {
-    case "col_name": return "Column Name";
-    case "allowed": return "Allowed Values";
-    case "forbidden": return "Not Allowed Values";
-    case "limit": return "Limit";
-    case "min_limit": return "Min Limit";
-    case "max_limit": return "Max Limit";
-    case "regex": return "Regex Pattern";
-    case "date_format": return "Date Format";
-    case "timestamp_format": return "Timestamp Format";
-    case "expression": return "Expression";
-    case "msg": return "Error Message";
-    case "name": return "Check Name";
-    case "cidr_block": return "CIDR Block";
-    case "value": return "Value";
-    case "days": return "Days";
-    case "offset": return "Offset (seconds)";
-    case "max_age_minutes": return "Max Age (minutes)";
-    case "keys": return "Required Keys";
-    case "schema": return "Expected Schema";
-    case "dimension": return "Dimension";
-    case "trim_strings": return "Trim Strings";
-    case "case_sensitive": return "Case Sensitive";
-    case "nulls_distinct": return "Nulls Distinct";
-    case "negate": return "Negate";
-    case "require_all": return "Require All Keys";
-    case "abs_tolerance": return "Absolute Tolerance";
-    case "rel_tolerance": return "Relative Tolerance";
-    case "min_value": return "Min Value";
-    case "max_value": return "Max Value";
+    case "col_name": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelColumnName");
+    case "allowed": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelAllowed");
+    case "forbidden": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelForbidden");
+    case "limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelLimit");
+    case "min_limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMinLimit");
+    case "max_limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMaxLimit");
+    case "regex": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelRegex");
+    case "date_format": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelDateFormat");
+    case "timestamp_format": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelTimestampFormat");
+    case "expression": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelExpression");
+    case "msg": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMsg");
+    case "name": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelName");
+    case "cidr_block": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelCidrBlock");
+    case "value": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelValue");
+    case "days": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelDays");
+    case "offset": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelOffset");
+    case "max_age_minutes": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMaxAgeMinutes");
+    case "keys": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelKeys");
+    case "schema": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelSchema");
+    case "dimension": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelDimension");
+    case "trim_strings": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelTrimStrings");
+    case "case_sensitive": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelCaseSensitive");
+    case "nulls_distinct": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelNullsDistinct");
+    case "negate": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelNegate");
+    case "require_all": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelRequireAll");
+    case "abs_tolerance": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelAbsTolerance");
+    case "rel_tolerance": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelRelTolerance");
+    case "min_value": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMinValue");
+    case "max_value": return t("rulesSingleTable.argLabelMaxValue");
     default:
       return arg
         .split("_")
@@ -1504,29 +1505,29 @@ function argLabel(arg: string): string {
   }
 }
 
-function argHint(arg: string, fn?: string): string {
+function argHint(arg: string, fn: string | undefined, t: TFunc): string {
   if (arg === "col_name" && fn === "is_unique") {
-    return "comma-separated, e.g. id or col1, col2";
+    return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintIsUniqueColumns");
   }
   switch (arg) {
-    case "col_name": return "e.g. id";
-    case "allowed": return "comma-separated, e.g. A,B,C";
-    case "forbidden": return "comma-separated";
-    case "limit": return "numeric value";
-    case "min_limit": return "min value";
-    case "max_limit": return "max value";
-    case "regex": return "e.g. ^[A-Z]+$";
-    case "date_format": return "e.g. yyyy-MM-dd";
-    case "timestamp_format": return "e.g. yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
-    case "expression": return "SQL expression, e.g. col > 0";
-    case "msg": return "Error message";
-    case "cidr_block": return "e.g. 192.168.1.0/24";
-    case "value": return "comparison value";
-    case "days": return "number of days";
-    case "offset": return "seconds";
-    case "max_age_minutes": return "maximum age in minutes";
-    case "keys": return "comma-separated keys";
-    case "dimension": return "0, 1, or 2";
+    case "col_name": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintColumnName");
+    case "allowed": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintAllowed");
+    case "forbidden": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintForbidden");
+    case "limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintLimit");
+    case "min_limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintMinLimit");
+    case "max_limit": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintMaxLimit");
+    case "regex": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintRegex");
+    case "date_format": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintDateFormat");
+    case "timestamp_format": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintTimestampFormat");
+    case "expression": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintExpression");
+    case "msg": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintMsg");
+    case "cidr_block": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintCidrBlock");
+    case "value": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintValue");
+    case "days": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintDays");
+    case "offset": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintOffset");
+    case "max_age_minutes": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintMaxAgeMinutes");
+    case "keys": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintKeys");
+    case "dimension": return t("rulesSingleTable.argHintDimension");
     default: return "";
   }
 }
@@ -1548,6 +1549,7 @@ interface CheckCardProps {
 }
 
 function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDuplicate, labelDefinitions, checkFunctions }: CheckCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const fnDef = checkFunctions.find((f) => f.value === check.fn);
   const argFields = fnDef?.args ?? [];
   const isUnknownFn = check.fn !== "" && !fnDef;
@@ -1595,16 +1597,16 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
       {/* Header */}
       <div className={`flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 border-b ${isDuplicate ? "bg-red-50/60" : "bg-muted/30"}`}>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-          <span className="text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">Check {index + 1}</span>
+          <span className="text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesSingleTable.checkLabel", { index: index + 1 })}</span>
           {columns.length > 0 && (
             <Badge variant="outline" className="text-[10px] font-mono gap-1">
-              col: {columns.join(", ")}
+              {t("rulesSingleTable.colBadge", { columns: columns.join(", ") })}
             </Badge>
           )}
           {check.targetTables.length > 0 && (
             <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-[10px] gap-1">
               <Table2 className="h-2.5 w-2.5" />
-              {check.targetTables.length} table{check.targetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+              {t("rulesSingleTable.tablesBadge", { count: check.targetTables.length })}
             </Badge>
           )}
           {isDuplicate && (
@@ -1613,11 +1615,11 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
                 <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                   <Badge variant="destructive" className="text-[10px] gap-1">
                     <AlertCircle className="h-2.5 w-2.5" />
-                    Duplicate
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.duplicateBadge")}
                   </Badge>
                 </TooltipTrigger>
                 <TooltipContent>
-                  <p>This check already exists for the selected table(s). Remove or modify it.</p>
+                  <p>{t("rulesSingleTable.duplicateTooltip")}</p>
                 </TooltipContent>
               </Tooltip>
             </TooltipProvider>
@@ -1634,7 +1636,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
       <div className="p-4 space-y-3">
         <div className="grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
           <div className="space-y-1.5">
-            <Label className="text-xs">Function</Label>
+            <Label className="text-xs">{t("rulesSingleTable.function")}</Label>
             <FunctionCombobox
               value={check.fn}
               functions={checkFunctions}
@@ -1658,7 +1660,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
             />
           </div>
           <div className="space-y-1.5">
-            <Label className="text-xs">Criticality</Label>
+            <Label className="text-xs">{t("rulesSingleTable.criticality")}</Label>
             <Select
               value={check.criticality}
               onValueChange={(v) => onUpdate(check.id, { criticality: v as "warn" | "error" })}
@@ -1668,8 +1670,8 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
                 <SelectValue />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="warn" className="text-xs">warn</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="error" className="text-xs">error</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="warn" className="text-xs">{t("rulesSingleTable.criticalityWarn")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="error" className="text-xs">{t("rulesSingleTable.criticalityError")}</SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
           </div>
@@ -1681,7 +1683,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
               {argFields.map((argDef) => {
                 const val = check.args[argDef.name] ?? "";
                 const isEmpty = val.trim() === "";
-                const validationErr = validateArg(argDef.name, val, check.fn);
+                const validationErr = validateArg(argDef.name, val, check.fn, t);
                 const hasError = !!validationErr;
                 const showRequiredHint = argDef.required && isEmpty;
 
@@ -1694,7 +1696,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
                     <div key={argDef.name} className="space-y-1">
                       <Label className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
                         {argDef.label}
-                        {!argDef.required && <span className="ml-1 text-muted-foreground/60">(optional)</span>}
+                        {!argDef.required && <span className="ml-1 text-muted-foreground/60">{t("rulesSingleTable.optional")}</span>}
                       </Label>
                       <Select
                         value={current}
@@ -1730,9 +1732,9 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
                       }`}
                     >
                       {argDef.label}
-                      {showRequiredHint && " (required)"}
+                      {showRequiredHint && ` ${t("rulesSingleTable.required")}`}
                       {!argDef.required && isEmpty && (
-                        <span className="ml-1 text-muted-foreground/60">(optional)</span>
+                        <span className="ml-1 text-muted-foreground/60">{t("rulesSingleTable.optional")}</span>
                       )}
                     </Label>
                     <Input
@@ -1743,7 +1745,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
                             ? "border-amber-400 focus-visible:ring-amber-400"
                             : ""
                       }`}
-                      placeholder={argDef.hint || argHint(argDef.name, check.fn)}
+                      placeholder={argDef.hint || argHint(argDef.name, check.fn, t)}
                       value={val}
                       onChange={(e) =>
                         onUpdate(check.id, { args: { ...check.args, [argDef.name]: e.target.value } })
@@ -1779,12 +1781,12 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
           <div className="grid gap-2 sm:grid-cols-2">
             {Object.entries(check.args).map(([key, val]) => {
               const isEmpty = val.trim() === "";
-              const validationErr = validateArg(key, val, check.fn);
+              const validationErr = validateArg(key, val, check.fn, t);
               const hasError = !!validationErr;
               return (
                 <div key={key} className="space-y-1">
                   <Label className={`text-[11px] ${hasError ? "text-red-500" : isEmpty ? "text-amber-500" : "text-muted-foreground"}`}>
-                    {argLabel(key)}{isEmpty && " (required)"}
+                    {argLabel(key, t)}{isEmpty && ` ${t("rulesSingleTable.required")}`}
                   </Label>
                   <Input
                     className={`h-7 text-xs ${hasError ? "border-red-400 focus-visible:ring-red-400" : isEmpty ? "border-amber-400 focus-visible:ring-amber-400" : ""}`}
@@ -1828,19 +1830,19 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <Table2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
             <span className="text-xs font-medium">
-              Target tables
+              {t("rulesSingleTable.targetTables")}
               {check.targetTables.length > 0 && (
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-1">
-                  ({check.targetTables.length} selected)
+                  {t("rulesSingleTable.selectedSuffix", { count: check.targetTables.length })}
                 </span>
               )}
               {check.fn !== "" && check.targetTables.length === 0 && (
-                <span className="text-amber-500 ml-1">(none selected)</span>
+                <span className="text-amber-500 ml-1">{t("rulesSingleTable.noneSelected")}</span>
               )}
             </span>
             {check.fn !== "" && columns.length > 0 && (
               <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
-                — filtered by column: <code className="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded">{columns.join(", ")}</code>
+                {t("rulesSingleTable.filteredByColumn")} <code className="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded">{columns.join(", ")}</code>
               </span>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -1852,7 +1854,7 @@ function CheckCard({ check, index, onUpdate, onRemove, canRemove, disabled, isDu
             {isFiltering && (
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground py-1">
                 <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-                Checking column compatibility...
+                {t("rulesSingleTable.checkingColumnCompatibility")}
               </div>
             )}
             <CatalogBrowser
@@ -1918,6 +1920,7 @@ interface FunctionComboboxProps {
 }
 
 function FunctionCombobox({ value, functions, onChange, disabled }: FunctionComboboxProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
 
@@ -1945,7 +1948,7 @@ function FunctionCombobox({ value, functions, onChange, disabled }: FunctionComb
   }, [functions, query]);
 
   const isUnknownFn = value !== "" && !functions.some((f) => f.value === value);
-  const displayValue = value === "" ? "Select function" : isUnknownFn ? `${value} (custom)` : value;
+  const displayValue = value === "" ? t("rulesSingleTable.selectFunction") : isUnknownFn ? t("rulesSingleTable.customSuffix", { name: value }) : value;
 
   // Reset the search box every time the popover closes so a re-open
   // shows the full list rather than a stale filtered slice.
@@ -1977,7 +1980,7 @@ function FunctionCombobox({ value, functions, onChange, disabled }: FunctionComb
             <Search className="absolute left-2 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 h-3 w-3 text-muted-foreground" />
             <Input
               autoFocus
-              placeholder="Search functions..."
+              placeholder={t("rulesSingleTable.searchFunctions")}
               value={query}
               onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
               className="h-8 text-xs pl-7"
@@ -1986,9 +1989,9 @@ function FunctionCombobox({ value, functions, onChange, disabled }: FunctionComb
         </div>
         <div className="max-h-72 overflow-y-auto py-1">
           {functions.length === 0 ? (
-            <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">Loading functions...</div>
+            <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesSingleTable.loadingFunctions")}</div>
           ) : grouped.length === 0 ? (
-            <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">No matches</div>
+            <div className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("rulesSingleTable.noMatches")}</div>
           ) : (
             grouped.map(([category, fns]) => (
               <div key={category}>
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs-history.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs-history.tsx
index 21fce4727..accd557df 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs-history.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs-history.tsx
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import { FadeIn } from "@/components/anim/FadeIn";
 import { ArrowDown, ArrowUp, ArrowUpDown, CircleStop, ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
 import { parseFqn, formatDateTime as formatDate, getUserMetadata, labelToken } from "@/lib/format-utils";
 import { LabelFilter, labelsMatchFilter } from "@/components/Labels";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute("/_sidebar/runs-history")({
   component: RunsHistoryPage,
@@ -63,41 +64,42 @@ function cleanFqn(fqn: string) {
   return fqn.startsWith(_SQL_CHECK_PREFIX) ? fqn.slice(_SQL_CHECK_PREFIX.length) : fqn;
 }
 
-function statusBadge(status: string | null) {
+function StatusBadge({ status }: { status: string | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   switch (status) {
     case "SUCCESS":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-green-500 text-green-600">
           <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Success
+          {t("runsHistory.successBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "FAILED":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-red-500 text-red-600">
           <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Failed
+          {t("runsHistory.failedBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "RUNNING":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-blue-500 text-blue-600">
           <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-          Running
+          {t("runsHistory.runningBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     case "CANCELED":
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-gray-400 text-gray-500">
           <CircleStop className="h-3 w-3" />
-          Canceled
+          {t("runsHistory.canceledBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
     default:
       return (
         <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-amber-500 text-amber-600">
           <Clock className="h-3 w-3" />
-          {status ?? "Pending"}
+          {status ?? t("runsHistory.pendingBadge")}
         </Badge>
       );
   }
@@ -147,9 +149,10 @@ function useSort<K extends string>(defaultKey: K, defaultDir: SortDir = "desc")
 }
 
 function RunsHistoryPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col h-full">
-      <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page="Runs History" />
+      <PageBreadcrumb items={[]} page={t("runsHistory.breadcrumb")} />
       <div className="flex-1 overflow-hidden mt-4">
         <QueryErrorResetBoundary>
           {({ reset }) => (
@@ -168,6 +171,7 @@ function RunsHistoryPage() {
 type RunsSortKey = "table" | "type" | "status" | "requested_by" | "total" | "valid" | "invalid" | "run_date";
 
 function RunHistoryContent() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: currentUser } = useCurrentUserSuspense(selector<UserType>());
   const currentUserEmail = currentUser?.user_name ?? "";
 
@@ -384,14 +388,14 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
     <div className="space-y-4 h-full overflow-y-auto">
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Runs History</h1>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("runsHistory.title")}</h1>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-            View past rule validation results.
+            {t("runsHistory.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
         <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={() => refetch()} className="gap-1.5 text-xs">
           <RotateCcw className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-          Refresh
+          {t("common.refresh")}
         </Button>
       </div>
 
@@ -401,13 +405,13 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
             <div>
               <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
                 <History className="h-4 w-4" />
-                Validation runs
+                {t("runsHistory.validationRuns")}
               </CardTitle>
               <CardDescription>
                 {isLoading
-                  ? "Loading..."
-                  : `${runs.length} run${runs.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}${
-                      runs.length !== allRuns.length ? ` (filtered from ${allRuns.length})` : ""
+                  ? t("common.loading")
+                  : `${t("runsHistory.runsCount", { count: runs.length })}${
+                      runs.length !== allRuns.length ? t("runsHistory.filteredFrom", { total: allRuns.length }) : ""
                     }`}
               </CardDescription>
             </div>
@@ -416,10 +420,10 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap pt-2">
             <Select value={catalogFilter} onValueChange={handleCatalogChange}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Catalogs" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("runsHistory.allCatalogs")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Catalogs</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("runsHistory.allCatalogs")}</SelectItem>
                 {catalogs.map((cat) => (
                   <SelectItem key={cat} value={cat}>{cat}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -428,10 +432,10 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
 
             <Select value={schemaFilter} onValueChange={handleSchemaChange} disabled={catalogFilter === "all"}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px]">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Schemas" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("runsHistory.allSchemas")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Schemas</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("runsHistory.allSchemas")}</SelectItem>
                 {availableSchemas.map((sch) => (
                   <SelectItem key={sch} value={sch}>{sch}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -440,10 +444,10 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
 
             <Select value={tableFilter} onValueChange={setTableFilter} disabled={schemaFilter === "all"}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[180px]">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Tables" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("runsHistory.allTables")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Tables</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("runsHistory.allTables")}</SelectItem>
                 {availableTables.map((tbl) => (
                   <SelectItem key={tbl} value={tbl}>{tbl}</SelectItem>
                 ))}
@@ -452,24 +456,24 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
 
             <Select value={statusFilter} onValueChange={setStatusFilter}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[140px]">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Statuses" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("runsHistory.allStatuses")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Statuses</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="SUCCESS">Success</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="FAILED">Failed</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="RUNNING">Running</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("runsHistory.allStatuses")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="SUCCESS">{t("runsHistory.successOption")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="FAILED">{t("runsHistory.failedOption")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="RUNNING">{t("runsHistory.runningOption")}</SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
 
             <Select value={runTypeFilter} onValueChange={setRunTypeFilter}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-[140px]">
-                <SelectValue placeholder="All Types" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("runsHistory.allTypes")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
-                <SelectItem value="all">All Types</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="dryrun">Manual</SelectItem>
-                <SelectItem value="scheduled">Scheduled</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="all">{t("runsHistory.allTypes")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="dryrun">{t("runsHistory.manualOption")}</SelectItem>
+                <SelectItem value="scheduled">{t("runsHistory.scheduledOption")}</SelectItem>
               </SelectContent>
             </Select>
 
@@ -480,7 +484,7 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
               onClick={() => setInvalidOnly((prev) => !prev)}
             >
               <AlertCircle className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-              Has invalid
+              {t("runsHistory.hasInvalid")}
             </Button>
 
             <Button
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
               onClick={() => setMyRunsOnly((prev) => !prev)}
             >
               <User className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-              My runs
+              {t("runsHistory.myRuns")}
             </Button>
 
             <LabelFilter
@@ -516,7 +520,7 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
                   setLabelFilter(new Set());
                 }}
               >
-                Clear filters
+                {t("common.clearFilters")}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -532,13 +536,13 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
             isAxiosError(error) && error.response?.status === 403 ? (
               <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
                 <ShieldAlert className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-                <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">Insufficient permissions</p>
+                <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">{t("runsHistory.permissionsTitle")}</p>
                 <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs">
-                  You don't have permission to view run history. Please contact your administrator.
+                  {t("runsHistory.permissionsDescription")}
                 </p>
               </div>
             ) : (
-              <p className="text-destructive text-sm">Failed to load run history: {(error as Error).message}</p>
+              <p className="text-destructive text-sm">{t("runsHistory.loadFailed", { error: (error as Error).message })}</p>
             )
           )}
 
@@ -550,29 +554,29 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
                     <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
                       <th className="w-8 p-3"></th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Table" sortKey="table" active={rSortKey === "table"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerTable")} sortKey="table" active={rSortKey === "table"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Type" sortKey="type" active={rSortKey === "type"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerType")} sortKey="type" active={rSortKey === "type"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Status" sortKey="status" active={rSortKey === "status"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerStatus")} sortKey="status" active={rSortKey === "status"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
                       </th>
-                      <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Rules</th>
+                      <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runsHistory.headerRules")}</th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Requested by" sortKey="requested_by" active={rSortKey === "requested_by"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerRequestedBy")} sortKey="requested_by" active={rSortKey === "requested_by"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Total" sortKey="total" active={rSortKey === "total"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerTotal")} sortKey="total" active={rSortKey === "total"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Valid" sortKey="valid" active={rSortKey === "valid"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerValid")} sortKey="valid" active={rSortKey === "valid"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Invalid" sortKey="invalid" active={rSortKey === "invalid"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerInvalid")} sortKey="invalid" active={rSortKey === "invalid"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} align="right" />
                       </th>
                       <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">
-                        <SortableHeader label="Run date" sortKey="run_date" active={rSortKey === "run_date"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
+                        <SortableHeader label={t("runsHistory.headerRunDate")} sortKey="run_date" active={rSortKey === "run_date"} direction={rSortDir} onSort={handleRunsSort} />
                       </th>
                     </tr>
                   </thead>
@@ -600,7 +604,7 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
               {totalPages > 1 && (
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between pt-3">
                   <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    Showing {(currentPage - 1) * PAGE_SIZE + 1}–{Math.min(currentPage * PAGE_SIZE, runs.length)} of {runs.length}
+                    {t("common.showing")} {(currentPage - 1) * PAGE_SIZE + 1}–{Math.min(currentPage * PAGE_SIZE, runs.length)} {t("common.of")} {runs.length}
                   </p>
                   <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
                     <Button
@@ -655,12 +659,12 @@ function RunHistoryContent() {
                 <History className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
               </div>
               <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                {hasActiveFilters ? "No matching runs" : "No runs yet"}
+                {hasActiveFilters ? t("runsHistory.noMatching") : t("runsHistory.noRuns")}
               </h3>
               <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1 max-w-md">
                 {hasActiveFilters
-                  ? "Try adjusting your filters to find runs."
-                  : "Execute approved rules from the Run Rules page to see results here."}
+                  ? t("runsHistory.adjustFiltersHint")
+                  : t("runsHistory.executeRulesHint")}
               </p>
             </div>
           )}
@@ -681,6 +685,7 @@ function RunHistoryRow({
   isExpanded: boolean;
   onToggle: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: resultsResp, isLoading: isLoadingResults } = useGetDryRunResults(
     run.run_id,
     { query: { enabled: isExpanded && run.status === "SUCCESS" } },
@@ -706,15 +711,15 @@ function RunHistoryRow({
         <td className="p-3 font-mono text-xs">{cleanFqn(run.source_table_fqn)}</td>
         <td className="p-3">
           <Badge variant={(run.run_type ?? "dryrun") === "scheduled" ? "default" : "outline"} className="text-[10px]">
-            {(run.run_type ?? "dryrun") === "scheduled" ? "Scheduled" : "Manual"}
+            {(run.run_type ?? "dryrun") === "scheduled" ? t("runsHistory.scheduled") : t("runsHistory.manual")}
           </Badge>
         </td>
         <td className="p-3">
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-0.5">
-            {statusBadge(run.status)}
+            <StatusBadge status={run.status} />
             {run.status === "CANCELED" && run.canceled_by && (
-              <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground" title={`Canceled by ${run.canceled_by}`}>
-                by {run.canceled_by.split("@")[0]}
+              <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground" title={t("runsHistory.canceledByTitle", { user: run.canceled_by })}>
+                {t("runsHistory.canceledByPrefix")}{run.canceled_by.split("@")[0]}
               </span>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -738,7 +743,7 @@ function RunHistoryRow({
                   <span key={i} className="font-mono text-[11px] text-muted-foreground truncate">{label}</span>
                 ))}
                 {remaining > 0 && (
-                  <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/70">+{remaining} more</span>
+                  <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/70">{t("runsHistory.moreSuffix", { count: remaining })}</span>
                 )}
               </div>
             );
@@ -777,25 +782,25 @@ function RunHistoryRow({
                 <div className="flex items-start gap-2 rounded-md border border-red-200 bg-red-50 dark:border-red-900 dark:bg-red-950/30 p-3">
                   <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-red-600 shrink-0 mt-0.5" />
                   <div className="text-sm">
-                    <p className="font-medium text-red-700 dark:text-red-400">Run failed</p>
+                    <p className="font-medium text-red-700 dark:text-red-400">{t("runsHistory.runFailed")}</p>
                     <p className="text-red-600 dark:text-red-300 mt-0.5 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words font-mono text-xs">{run.error_message}</p>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               )}
               {run.status !== "SUCCESS" && !run.error_message && run.status !== "CANCELED" && (
                 <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                  Detailed results are available for completed (SUCCESS) runs.
+                  {t("runsHistory.completedOnly")}
                 </div>
               )}
               {run.status === "CANCELED" && !run.error_message && (
                 <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                  This run was canceled.
+                  {t("runsHistory.wasCanceled")}
                 </div>
               )}
               {run.status === "SUCCESS" && isLoadingResults && (
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-muted-foreground text-sm py-4">
                   <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
-                  Loading results...
+                  {t("runsHistory.loadingResults")}
                 </div>
               )}
               {results && <DryRunResults result={results} />}
@@ -824,16 +829,17 @@ function RunHistorySkeleton() {
 }
 
 function RunHistoryError({ resetErrorBoundary }: { resetErrorBoundary: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
       <AlertCircle className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">Failed to load run history</p>
+      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">{t("runsHistory.skeletonFailedLoad")}</p>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs mb-3">
-        The validation runs table may not exist yet. Run some rules first.
+        {t("runsHistory.skeletonFailedHint")}
       </p>
       <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={resetErrorBoundary} className="gap-2">
         <RotateCcw className="h-3 w-3" />
-        Retry
+        {t("common.retry")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
index 62609dac8..61d3b74b7 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef, Suspense, useMemo, useCallback } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import yaml from "js-yaml";
 import { useQueryClient, QueryErrorResetBoundary } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { ErrorBoundary } from "react-error-boundary";
@@ -177,18 +178,47 @@ async function deleteScheduleApi(name: string): Promise<void> {
   await axios.delete(`/api/v1/schedules/${encodeURIComponent(name)}`);
 }
 
-function cronPreview(cfg: ScheduleConfig): string {
+type Translator = (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
+
+function cronPreview(cfg: ScheduleConfig, t: Translator): string {
   switch (cfg.frequency) {
-    case "manual": return "Manual only (no automatic schedule)";
-    case "hourly": return `Every hour at :${String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0")} UTC`;
-    case "daily": return `Daily at ${String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0")} UTC`;
+    case "manual":
+      return t("runs.cronManualOnly");
+    case "hourly":
+      return t("runs.cronHourly", { minute: String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0") });
+    case "daily":
+      return t("runs.cronDaily", {
+        hour: String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0"),
+        minute: String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0"),
+      });
     case "weekly": {
-      const days = ["Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"];
-      return `Every ${days[cfg.day_of_week ?? 1]} at ${String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0")} UTC`;
+      const dayKeys = [
+        "runs.dayShortSun",
+        "runs.dayShortMon",
+        "runs.dayShortTue",
+        "runs.dayShortWed",
+        "runs.dayShortThu",
+        "runs.dayShortFri",
+        "runs.dayShortSat",
+      ];
+      return t("runs.cronWeekly", {
+        day: t(dayKeys[cfg.day_of_week ?? 1]),
+        hour: String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0"),
+        minute: String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0"),
+      });
     }
-    case "monthly": return `Monthly on day ${cfg.day_of_month ?? 1} at ${String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0")} UTC`;
-    case "cron": return cfg.cron_expression ? `Cron: ${cfg.cron_expression}` : "Custom cron (not set)";
-    default: return "";
+    case "monthly":
+      return t("runs.cronMonthly", {
+        day: cfg.day_of_month ?? 1,
+        hour: String(cfg.hour ?? 6).padStart(2, "0"),
+        minute: String(cfg.minute ?? 0).padStart(2, "0"),
+      });
+    case "cron":
+      return cfg.cron_expression
+        ? t("runs.cronCustom", { expression: cfg.cron_expression })
+        : t("runs.cronCustomNotSet");
+    default:
+      return "";
   }
 }
 
@@ -205,42 +235,53 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
   onChange: (cfg: ScheduleConfig) => void;
   disabled?: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const update = (patch: Partial<ScheduleConfig>) => onChange({ ...config, ...patch });
 
+  const dayLongKeys = [
+    "runs.daySunday",
+    "runs.dayMonday",
+    "runs.dayTuesday",
+    "runs.dayWednesday",
+    "runs.dayThursday",
+    "runs.dayFriday",
+    "runs.daySaturday",
+  ];
+
   return (
     <div className="space-y-3">
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label>Frequency</Label>
+        <Label>{t("runs.frequency")}</Label>
         <Select value={config.frequency} onValueChange={(v) => update({ frequency: v as ScheduleConfig["frequency"] })} disabled={disabled}>
           <SelectTrigger><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="manual">Manual only</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="hourly">Hourly</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="daily">Daily</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="weekly">Weekly</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="monthly">Monthly</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="cron">Custom cron</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="manual">{t("runs.freqManual")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="hourly">{t("runs.freqHourly")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="daily">{t("runs.freqDaily")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="weekly">{t("runs.freqWeekly")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="monthly">{t("runs.freqMonthly")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="cron">{t("runs.freqCron")}</SelectItem>
           </SelectContent>
         </Select>
       </div>
 
       {config.frequency === "cron" && (
         <div className="grid gap-2">
-          <Label>Cron Expression</Label>
+          <Label>{t("runs.cronExpression")}</Label>
           <Input
             value={config.cron_expression || ""}
             onChange={(e) => update({ cron_expression: e.target.value })}
             disabled={disabled}
-            placeholder="e.g., 0 6 * * MON-FRI"
+            placeholder={t("runs.cronPlaceholder")}
             className="font-mono text-sm"
           />
-          <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Standard 5-field cron (minute hour day month weekday)</p>
+          <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.cronHint")}</p>
         </div>
       )}
 
       {config.frequency === "hourly" && (
         <div className="grid gap-2">
-          <Label>Minute</Label>
+          <Label>{t("runs.minute")}</Label>
           <Select value={String(config.minute ?? 0)} onValueChange={(v) => update({ minute: Number(v) })} disabled={disabled}>
             <SelectTrigger className="w-24"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
             <SelectContent>
@@ -255,7 +296,7 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
       {(config.frequency === "daily" || config.frequency === "weekly" || config.frequency === "monthly") && (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
           <div className="grid gap-2">
-            <Label>Hour <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">(UTC)</span></Label>
+            <Label>{t("runs.hour")} <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">{t("runs.utcSuffix")}</span></Label>
             <Select value={String(config.hour ?? 6)} onValueChange={(v) => update({ hour: Number(v) })} disabled={disabled}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-20"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
@@ -266,7 +307,7 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
             </Select>
           </div>
           <div className="grid gap-2">
-            <Label>Minute</Label>
+            <Label>{t("runs.minute")}</Label>
             <Select value={String(config.minute ?? 0)} onValueChange={(v) => update({ minute: Number(v) })} disabled={disabled}>
               <SelectTrigger className="w-20"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
@@ -281,12 +322,12 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
 
       {config.frequency === "weekly" && (
         <div className="grid gap-2">
-          <Label>Day of week</Label>
+          <Label>{t("runs.dayOfWeek")}</Label>
           <Select value={String(config.day_of_week ?? 1)} onValueChange={(v) => update({ day_of_week: Number(v) })} disabled={disabled}>
             <SelectTrigger className="w-32"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
             <SelectContent>
-              {["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"].map((d, i) => (
-                <SelectItem key={i} value={String(i)}>{d}</SelectItem>
+              {dayLongKeys.map((dKey, i) => (
+                <SelectItem key={i} value={String(i)}>{t(dKey)}</SelectItem>
               ))}
             </SelectContent>
           </Select>
@@ -295,7 +336,7 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
 
       {config.frequency === "monthly" && (
         <div className="grid gap-2">
-          <Label>Day of month</Label>
+          <Label>{t("runs.dayOfMonth")}</Label>
           <Select value={String(config.day_of_month ?? 1)} onValueChange={(v) => update({ day_of_month: Number(v) })} disabled={disabled}>
             <SelectTrigger className="w-20"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
             <SelectContent>
@@ -309,7 +350,7 @@ function ScheduleFrequencyPicker({
 
       {config.frequency !== "manual" && (
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground flex items-center gap-1.5">
-          <Clock className="h-3 w-3" /> {cronPreview(config)}
+          <Clock className="h-3 w-3" /> {cronPreview(config, t)}
         </p>
       )}
     </div>
@@ -331,6 +372,7 @@ function ScopePicker({
   approvedRules: RuleCatalogEntryOut[];
   disabled?: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const update = (patch: Partial<ScheduleConfig>) => onChange({ ...config, ...patch });
 
   const allCatalogs = useMemo(() => {
@@ -368,14 +410,14 @@ function ScopePicker({
   return (
     <div className="space-y-3">
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label>Scope</Label>
+        <Label>{t("runs.scope")}</Label>
         <Select value={config.scope_mode} onValueChange={(v) => update({ scope_mode: v as ScheduleConfig["scope_mode"] })} disabled={disabled}>
           <SelectTrigger><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> All approved rules</span></SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="catalog"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> By catalog</span></SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="schema"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Layers className="h-3 w-3" /> By schema</span></SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="tables"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Table2 className="h-3 w-3" /> Specific tables</span></SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="all"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.scopeAll")}</span></SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="catalog"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.scopeByCatalog")}</span></SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="schema"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Layers className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.scopeBySchema")}</span></SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="tables"><span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Table2 className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.scopeTables")}</span></SelectItem>
           </SelectContent>
         </Select>
       </div>
@@ -383,7 +425,7 @@ function ScopePicker({
       {config.scope_mode === "catalog" && (
         <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-hidden max-h-44 overflow-y-auto">
           {allCatalogs.length === 0 ? (
-            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">No catalogs found in approved rules.</p>
+            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.noCatalogsInRules")}</p>
           ) : allCatalogs.map((cat) => (
             <div
               key={cat}
@@ -401,7 +443,7 @@ function ScopePicker({
       {config.scope_mode === "schema" && (
         <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-hidden max-h-44 overflow-y-auto">
           {allSchemas.length === 0 ? (
-            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">No schemas found in approved rules.</p>
+            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.noSchemasInRules")}</p>
           ) : allSchemas.map((sch) => (
             <div
               key={sch}
@@ -419,7 +461,7 @@ function ScopePicker({
       {config.scope_mode === "tables" && (
         <div className="border rounded-lg overflow-hidden max-h-56 overflow-y-auto">
           {approvedRules.length === 0 ? (
-            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">No approved rules available.</p>
+            <p className="p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.noApprovedRulesAvailable")}</p>
           ) : (
             <>
               <div className="flex items-center gap-3 p-2.5 bg-muted/40 border-b sticky top-0">
@@ -432,7 +474,9 @@ function ScopePicker({
                   disabled={disabled}
                 />
                 <span className="text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                  {(config.scope_tables ?? []).length > 0 ? `${(config.scope_tables ?? []).length} of ${approvedRules.length} selected` : "Select all"}
+                  {(config.scope_tables ?? []).length > 0
+                    ? t("runs.selectedOf", { selected: (config.scope_tables ?? []).length, total: approvedRules.length })
+                    : t("runs.selectAll")}
                 </span>
               </div>
               {approvedRules.map((rule) => (
@@ -443,7 +487,7 @@ function ScopePicker({
                 >
                   <Checkbox checked={(config.scope_tables ?? []).includes(rule.table_fqn)} onCheckedChange={() => update({ scope_tables: toggleInList(config.scope_tables ?? [], rule.table_fqn) })} disabled={disabled} />
                   <span className="font-mono text-xs flex-1 truncate">{rule.display_name || rule.table_fqn}</span>
-                  <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-[10px]">{rule.checks.length} rule{rule.checks.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</Badge>
+                  <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-[10px]">{t("runs.rulesCount", { count: rule.checks.length })}</Badge>
                 </div>
               ))}
             </>
@@ -452,11 +496,11 @@ function ScopePicker({
       )}
 
       <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-        {matchedCount} of {approvedRules.length} approved rule set{approvedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} matched
+        {t("runs.matchedOfApproved", { matched: matchedCount, total: approvedRules.length, count: approvedRules.length })}
       </p>
 
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label>Row scope</Label>
+        <Label>{t("runs.rowScope")}</Label>
         <Select
           value={config.sample_size === 0 ? "all" : "sample"}
           onValueChange={(v) => update({ sample_size: v === "all" ? 0 : 1000 })}
@@ -464,13 +508,13 @@ function ScopePicker({
         >
           <SelectTrigger className="w-48"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All rows</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="sample">Sample rows</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("runs.allRows")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="sample">{t("runs.sampleRows")}</SelectItem>
           </SelectContent>
         </Select>
         {(config.sample_size ?? 1000) > 0 && (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground whitespace-nowrap">Sample size per table</Label>
+            <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground whitespace-nowrap">{t("runs.sampleSizePerTable")}</Label>
             <Input
               type="number"
               min={1}
@@ -514,6 +558,7 @@ function resolveScheduleScope(
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 function RunsPage() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { canRunRules, isAdmin } = usePermissions();
   const params = useParams({ strict: false }) as { runName?: string };
@@ -537,31 +582,31 @@ function RunsPage() {
       setScheduleNames(entries.map((e) => e.schedule_name));
     }).catch((err) => {
       if (isAxiosError(err) && err.response?.status === 403) {
-        toast.error("Insufficient permissions to view schedules");
+        toast.error(t("runs.permissionsViewSchedules"));
       } else {
-        toast.error("Failed to load schedules");
+        toast.error(t("runs.failedLoadSchedules"));
       }
     });
-  }, []);
+  }, [t]);
 
   const handleCreateRun = async (name: string) => {
     try {
       await saveScheduleApi(name, { ...DEFAULT_SCHEDULE });
       await queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: [...SCHEDULES_KEY] });
       setScheduleNames((prev) => [...prev, name]);
-      toast.success(`Schedule "${name}" created`);
+      toast.success(t("runs.scheduleCreated", { name }));
       navigate({ to: "/runs/$runName", params: { runName: name } });
       setIsCreateOpen(false);
     } catch (error: unknown) {
       if (isAxiosError(error) && error.response?.status === 403) {
-        toast.error("Insufficient permissions: only admins can create schedules.");
+        toast.error(t("runs.permissionsCreateSchedules"));
       } else {
         const detail =
           error instanceof Error ? error.message :
           typeof error === "object" && error !== null && "response" in error
             ? String((error as { response?: { data?: { detail?: string } } }).response?.data?.detail ?? "")
             : "";
-        toast.error(detail || "Failed to create new schedule");
+        toast.error(detail || t("runs.failedCreateSchedule"));
       }
       console.error(error);
       throw error;
@@ -579,8 +624,8 @@ function RunsPage() {
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col h-full">
       <PageBreadcrumb
-        items={currentRunName ? [{ label: "Run Rules", to: "/runs" }] : []}
-        page={currentRunName || "Run Rules"}
+        items={currentRunName ? [{ label: t("runs.title"), to: "/runs" }] : []}
+        page={currentRunName || t("runs.title")}
       />
 
       <Tabs value={activeTab} onValueChange={setActiveTab} className="flex-1 flex flex-col mt-4 overflow-hidden">
@@ -588,11 +633,11 @@ function RunsPage() {
           <TabsList>
             <TabsTrigger value="execute" className="gap-2">
               <Zap className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Execute
+              {t("runs.tabExecute")}
             </TabsTrigger>
             <TabsTrigger value="schedules" className="gap-2">
               <CalendarClock className="h-4 w-4" />
-              Schedules
+              {t("runs.tabSchedules")}
             </TabsTrigger>
           </TabsList>
         </div>
@@ -620,7 +665,7 @@ function RunsPage() {
                   onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/runs" })}
                 >
                   <ChevronRight className="h-4 w-4 rotate-180" />
-                  Back to schedules
+                  {t("runs.backToSchedules")}
                 </Button>
               </div>
               <div className="flex-1 overflow-hidden flex flex-col">
@@ -643,7 +688,7 @@ function RunsPage() {
           ) : (
             <div className="flex flex-col flex-1 overflow-hidden h-full">
               <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-4 shrink-0">
-                <h2 className="font-semibold text-lg text-foreground">Scheduled Runs</h2>
+                <h2 className="font-semibold text-lg text-foreground">{t("runs.scheduledRuns")}</h2>
                 {isAdmin && (
                 <Button
                   variant="outline"
@@ -652,7 +697,7 @@ function RunsPage() {
                   className="gap-2"
                 >
                   <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-                  New Schedule
+                  {t("runs.newSchedule")}
                 </Button>
                 )}
               </div>
@@ -693,6 +738,7 @@ interface RunNotification {
 }
 
 function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: rulesResp, isLoading: rulesLoading } = useListRules(
     { status: "approved" },
     { query: {} },
@@ -730,17 +776,19 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
   const batchRun = useBatchRunFromCatalog();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
 
+  const crossTableRulesLabel = t("runs.crossTableRules");
+
   const allCatalogs = useMemo(() => {
     const cats = new Set<string>();
     for (const r of approvedRules) {
       if (r.table_fqn.startsWith(_SQL_CHECK_PREFIX)) {
-        cats.add("Cross-table rules");
+        cats.add(crossTableRulesLabel);
       } else {
         cats.add(parseFqn(r.table_fqn).catalog);
       }
     }
     return Array.from(cats).sort();
-  }, [approvedRules]);
+  }, [approvedRules, crossTableRulesLabel]);
 
   const availableSchemas = useMemo(() => {
     const schemas = new Set<string>();
@@ -763,7 +811,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
     return approvedRules.filter((r) => {
       const isSqlCheck = r.table_fqn.startsWith(_SQL_CHECK_PREFIX);
       if (filterCatalog !== "__all__") {
-        if (filterCatalog === "Cross-table rules") {
+        if (filterCatalog === crossTableRulesLabel) {
           if (!isSqlCheck) return false;
         } else {
           if (isSqlCheck) return false;
@@ -781,7 +829,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
       }
       return true;
     });
-  }, [approvedRules, filterCatalog, filterSchema, searchQuery]);
+  }, [approvedRules, filterCatalog, filterSchema, searchQuery, crossTableRulesLabel]);
 
   const grouped = useMemo(() => {
     const groups = new Map<string, RuleCatalogEntryOut[]>();
@@ -790,18 +838,18 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
       const isSqlCheck = rule.table_fqn.startsWith(_SQL_CHECK_PREFIX);
       let key: string;
       if (isSqlCheck) {
-        key = "Cross-table rules";
+        key = crossTableRulesLabel;
       } else {
         const { catalog, schema } = parseFqn(rule.table_fqn);
         switch (groupBy) {
           case "catalog":
-            key = catalog || "Unknown";
+            key = catalog || t("runs.unknown");
             break;
           case "schema":
-            key = `${catalog}.${schema}` || "Unknown";
+            key = `${catalog}.${schema}` || t("runs.unknown");
             break;
           default:
-            key = "All";
+            key = t("runs.all");
         }
       }
       if (!groups.has(key)) groups.set(key, []);
@@ -809,7 +857,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
     }
 
     return new Map([...groups.entries()].sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b)));
-  }, [filteredRules, groupBy]);
+  }, [filteredRules, groupBy, crossTableRulesLabel, t]);
 
   const toggleTable = useCallback((tableFqn: string) => {
     setSelectedTables((prev) => {
@@ -872,7 +920,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
       });
       setSelectedTables(new Set());
     } catch (err) {
-      toast.error(`Batch run failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Unknown error"}`);
+      toast.error(t("runs.batchRunFailed", { error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("common.unknownError") }));
     } finally {
       setIsRunning(false);
     }
@@ -884,9 +932,9 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
     <div className="space-y-6 h-full overflow-y-auto">
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
         <div>
-          <h2 className="text-xl font-bold tracking-tight">Execute Rules</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("runs.executeRules")}</h2>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-            Select approved rules and trigger manual validation runs.
+            {t("runs.executeRulesSubtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -898,11 +946,10 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
               <>
                 <CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4 text-green-600 shrink-0" />
                 <span>
-                  Started {runNotification.count} validation run
-                  {runNotification.count !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                  {t("runs.startedRuns", { count: runNotification.count })}
                   {runNotification.errors > 0 && (
                     <span className="text-destructive ml-1">
-                      ({runNotification.errors} failed to submit)
+                      {t("runs.runsFailedToSubmit", { count: runNotification.errors })}
                     </span>
                   )}
                 </span>
@@ -911,7 +958,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
               <>
                 <XCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-destructive shrink-0" />
                 <span className="text-destructive">
-                  All {runNotification.errors} table{runNotification.errors !== 1 ? "s" : ""} failed to submit
+                  {t("runs.allTablesFailedToSubmit", { count: runNotification.errors })}
                 </span>
               </>
             )}
@@ -925,7 +972,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                 onClick={onGoToHistory}
               >
                 <History className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                View in History
+                {t("runs.viewInHistory")}
               </Button>
             )}
             <Button
@@ -948,13 +995,13 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                 <Play className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
               </div>
               <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                No approved rules
+                {t("runs.noApprovedRules")}
               </h3>
               <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1 max-w-md">
-                Approve rules in Drafts & review first, then come back here to run them.
+                {t("runs.noApprovedRulesDescription")}
               </p>
               <Button variant="outline" className="mt-4" asChild>
-                <Link to="/rules/drafts">Go to Drafts & review</Link>
+                <Link to="/rules/drafts">{t("runs.goToDraftsReview")}</Link>
               </Button>
             </div>
           </CardContent>
@@ -968,13 +1015,13 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                 <div>
                   <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
                     <Zap className="h-4 w-4" />
-                    Table Selection
+                    {t("runs.tableSelection")}
                   </CardTitle>
                   <CardDescription>
-                    {approvedRules.length} approved rule set{approvedRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} available
+                    {t("runs.approvedRuleSetsAvailable", { count: approvedRules.length })}
                     {selectedTables.size > 0 && (
                       <span className="text-primary font-medium ml-1">
-                        · {selectedTables.size} selected
+                        {t("runs.selectedSuffix", { count: selectedTables.size })}
                       </span>
                     )}
                   </CardDescription>
@@ -987,8 +1034,8 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                     >
                       <SelectTrigger className="w-32 h-8 text-xs"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
                       <SelectContent>
-                        <SelectItem value="all">All rows</SelectItem>
-                        <SelectItem value="sample">Sample rows</SelectItem>
+                        <SelectItem value="all">{t("runs.allRows")}</SelectItem>
+                        <SelectItem value="sample">{t("runs.sampleRows")}</SelectItem>
                       </SelectContent>
                     </Select>
                     {sampleSize > 0 && (
@@ -1014,8 +1061,10 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                       <Play className="h-4 w-4" />
                     )}
                     {isRunning
-                      ? "Running..."
-                      : `Run ${selectedTables.size > 0 ? selectedTables.size : ""} selected`}
+                      ? t("runs.running")
+                      : selectedTables.size > 0
+                        ? t("runs.runNSelected", { count: selectedTables.size })
+                        : t("runs.runSelected")}
                   </Button>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -1023,20 +1072,20 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap pt-3 border-t mt-3">
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
                   <Layers className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
-                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Group by:</span>
+                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.groupBy")}</span>
                   <Select value={groupBy} onValueChange={(v) => setGroupBy(v as GroupMode)}>
                     <SelectTrigger className="w-[120px] h-8 text-xs">
                       <SelectValue />
                     </SelectTrigger>
                     <SelectContent>
                       <SelectItem value="catalog" className="text-xs">
-                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> Catalog</span>
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Database className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.groupByCatalog")}</span>
                       </SelectItem>
                       <SelectItem value="schema" className="text-xs">
-                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Layers className="h-3 w-3" /> Schema</span>
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Layers className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.groupBySchema")}</span>
                       </SelectItem>
                       <SelectItem value="none" className="text-xs">
-                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Table2 className="h-3 w-3" /> Flat list</span>
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><Table2 className="h-3 w-3" /> {t("runs.groupByFlat")}</span>
                       </SelectItem>
                     </SelectContent>
                   </Select>
@@ -1049,7 +1098,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                       <SelectValue />
                     </SelectTrigger>
                     <SelectContent>
-                      <SelectItem value="__all__" className="text-xs">All catalogs</SelectItem>
+                      <SelectItem value="__all__" className="text-xs">{t("runs.allCatalogs")}</SelectItem>
                       {allCatalogs.map((c) => (
                         <SelectItem key={c} value={c} className="text-xs">{c}</SelectItem>
                       ))}
@@ -1064,7 +1113,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                       <SelectValue />
                     </SelectTrigger>
                     <SelectContent>
-                      <SelectItem value="__all__" className="text-xs">All schemas</SelectItem>
+                      <SelectItem value="__all__" className="text-xs">{t("runs.allSchemas")}</SelectItem>
                       {availableSchemas.map((s) => (
                         <SelectItem key={s} value={s} className="text-xs">{s}</SelectItem>
                       ))}
@@ -1077,14 +1126,14 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                   <Input
                     value={searchQuery}
                     onChange={(e) => setSearchQuery(e.target.value)}
-                    placeholder="Search tables..."
+                    placeholder={t("runs.searchTablesPlaceholder")}
                     className="h-8 pl-8 text-xs"
                   />
                 </div>
 
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 ml-auto">
                   <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="h-8 text-xs" onClick={selectAll}>
-                    Select all
+                    {t("runs.selectAll")}
                   </Button>
                   <Button
                     variant="ghost"
@@ -1093,7 +1142,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                     onClick={clearAll}
                     disabled={selectedTables.size === 0}
                   >
-                    Clear
+                    {t("runs.clear")}
                   </Button>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -1102,7 +1151,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
             <CardContent>
               {filteredRules.length === 0 ? (
                 <div className="text-center py-8 text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-                  No rules match your search.
+                  {t("runs.noRulesMatchSearch")}
                 </div>
               ) : groupBy === "none" ? (
                 <FadeIn duration={0.3}>
@@ -1132,7 +1181,7 @@ function ExecuteTab({ onGoToHistory }: { onGoToHistory: () => void }) {
                               <span className="text-sm font-medium">{group}</span>
                             </div>
                             <Badge variant="secondary" className="ml-auto text-xs">
-                              {rules.length} table{rules.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                              {t("runs.tablesCount", { count: rules.length })}
                             </Badge>
                           </div>
                           <RuleTable
@@ -1185,6 +1234,7 @@ function ActiveRunsCard({
   onRunComplete: (runId: string) => void;
   onDismissAll: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader className="pb-3">
@@ -1192,15 +1242,15 @@ function ActiveRunsCard({
           <div>
             <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
               <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin text-amber-500" />
-              Active Runs
+              {t("runs.activeRuns")}
               <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs">{runs.length}</Badge>
             </CardTitle>
             <CardDescription>
-              These validation runs are currently in progress. Status updates automatically.
+              {t("runs.activeRunsDescription")}
             </CardDescription>
           </div>
           <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="text-xs text-muted-foreground" onClick={onDismissAll}>
-            Dismiss all
+            {t("runs.dismissAll")}
           </Button>
         </div>
       </CardHeader>
@@ -1209,10 +1259,10 @@ function ActiveRunsCard({
           <table className="w-full text-sm">
             <thead>
               <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Table</th>
-                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Run ID</th>
-                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Status</th>
-                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Elapsed</th>
+                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerTable")}</th>
+                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerRunId")}</th>
+                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerStatus")}</th>
+                <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerElapsed")}</th>
                 <th className="w-10 p-3" />
               </tr>
             </thead>
@@ -1235,6 +1285,7 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
   run: ActiveRun;
   onComplete: (runId: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<RunStatusOut | null>(null);
   const [pollError, setPollError] = useState(false);
   const [isCancelling, setIsCancelling] = useState(false);
@@ -1256,13 +1307,13 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
         setPollError(false);
 
         if (TERMINAL_STATES.has(resp.data.state)) {
-          const tableName = cleanFqn(run.table_fqn).split(".").pop();
+          const tableName = cleanFqn(run.table_fqn).split(".").pop() ?? "";
           if (resp.data.state === "TERMINATED" && resp.data.result_state === "SUCCESS") {
-            toast.success(`Run for ${tableName} completed successfully`);
+            toast.success(t("runs.runCompleted", { table: tableName }));
           } else if (resp.data.state === "INTERNAL_ERROR") {
-            toast.error(`Run for ${tableName} failed with internal error`);
+            toast.error(t("runs.runFailedInternal", { table: tableName }));
           } else {
-            toast.info(`Run for ${tableName} finished (${resp.data.result_state ?? resp.data.state})`);
+            toast.info(t("runs.runFinished", { table: tableName, state: resp.data.result_state ?? resp.data.state }));
           }
           onCompleteRef.current(run.run_id);
           return;
@@ -1279,7 +1330,7 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
       cancelled = true;
       clearTimeout(timeoutId);
     };
-  }, [run.run_id, run.job_run_id, run.view_fqn, run.table_fqn]);
+  }, [run.run_id, run.job_run_id, run.view_fqn, run.table_fqn, t]);
 
   const stateLabel = status?.state ?? "PENDING";
   const isStillRunning = !TERMINAL_STATES.has(stateLabel);
@@ -1297,11 +1348,11 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
     setIsCancelling(true);
     try {
       await cancelDryRun(run.run_id, { job_run_id: run.job_run_id });
-      const tableName = cleanFqn(run.table_fqn).split(".").pop();
-      toast.info(`Run for ${tableName} canceled`);
+      const tableName = cleanFqn(run.table_fqn).split(".").pop() ?? "";
+      toast.info(t("runs.runCanceled", { table: tableName }));
       onCompleteRef.current(run.run_id);
     } catch {
-      toast.error("Failed to cancel run");
+      toast.error(t("runs.failedCancelRun"));
     } finally {
       setIsCancelling(false);
     }
@@ -1315,27 +1366,27 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
         {pollError ? (
           <Badge variant="secondary" className="gap-1 text-xs">
             <AlertCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Polling error
+            {t("runs.statusPollingError")}
           </Badge>
         ) : stateLabel === "INTERNAL_ERROR" ? (
           <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-red-500 text-red-600 text-xs">
             <XCircle className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Internal Error
+            {t("runs.statusInternalError")}
           </Badge>
         ) : stateLabel === "RUNNING" ? (
           <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-amber-500 text-amber-600 text-xs">
             <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-            Running
+            {t("runs.statusRunning")}
           </Badge>
         ) : stateLabel === "PENDING" ? (
           <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-blue-500 text-blue-600 text-xs">
             <Clock className="h-3 w-3" />
-            Pending
+            {t("runs.statusPending")}
           </Badge>
         ) : stateLabel === "TERMINATED" ? (
           <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-green-500 text-green-600 text-xs">
             <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-            {status?.result_state ?? "Done"}
+            {status?.result_state ?? t("runs.statusDone")}
           </Badge>
         ) : (
           <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs">{stateLabel}</Badge>
@@ -1351,14 +1402,14 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
               className="h-6 px-1.5 gap-1 text-red-600 hover:text-red-700 hover:bg-red-50"
               onClick={handleStop}
               disabled={isCancelling}
-              title="Stop run"
+              title={t("runs.stopRun")}
             >
               {isCancelling ? (
                 <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
               ) : (
                 <CircleStop className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
               )}
-              <span className="text-xs">Stop</span>
+              <span className="text-xs">{t("runs.stop")}</span>
             </Button>
           )}
           <Button
@@ -1366,7 +1417,7 @@ function ActiveRunRow({
             size="sm"
             className="h-6 w-6 p-0"
             onClick={() => onComplete(run.run_id)}
-            title="Dismiss"
+            title={t("runs.dismiss")}
           >
             <XCircle className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground" />
           </Button>
@@ -1387,14 +1438,15 @@ function RuleTable({
   onToggle: (tableFqn: string) => void;
   runningFqns?: Set<string>;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <table className="w-full text-sm">
       <thead>
         <tr className="border-b bg-muted/30">
           <th className="w-10 p-3" />
-          <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Table</th>
-          <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium">Rules</th>
-          <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">Status</th>
+          <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerTable")}</th>
+          <th className="text-right p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerRules")}</th>
+          <th className="text-left p-3 font-medium">{t("runs.headerStatus")}</th>
         </tr>
       </thead>
       <tbody>
@@ -1422,12 +1474,12 @@ function RuleTable({
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
                   <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-green-500 text-green-600 text-xs">
                     <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-                    Approved
+                    {t("runs.approved")}
                   </Badge>
                   {isTableRunning && (
                     <Badge variant="outline" className="gap-1 border-amber-500 text-amber-600 text-xs">
                       <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
-                      Running
+                      {t("runs.statusRunning")}
                     </Badge>
                   )}
                 </div>
@@ -1455,13 +1507,14 @@ function ExecuteTabSkeleton() {
 }
 
 function ExecuteTabError({ resetErrorBoundary }: { resetErrorBoundary: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
       <AlertCircle className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">Failed to load rules</p>
+      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">{t("runs.failedLoadRules")}</p>
       <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={resetErrorBoundary} className="gap-2 mt-2">
         <RotateCcw className="h-3 w-3" />
-        Retry
+        {t("common.retry")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
@@ -1482,6 +1535,7 @@ function CreateRunDialog({
   existingNames: string[];
   onCreate: (name: string) => Promise<void>;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [name, setName] = useState("");
   const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false);
 
@@ -1511,39 +1565,39 @@ function CreateRunDialog({
     <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
       <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[425px]">
         <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>Create Schedule</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogTitle>{t("runs.createSchedule")}</DialogTitle>
           <DialogDescription>
-            Enter a unique name for the new scheduled run configuration.
+            {t("runs.createScheduleDescription")}
           </DialogDescription>
         </DialogHeader>
         <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
           <div className="grid gap-4 py-4">
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label htmlFor="name">Name</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="name">{t("runs.name")}</Label>
               <Input
                 id="name"
                 value={name}
                 onChange={(e) => setName(e.target.value)}
                 className={cn((isConflict || (name.length > 0 && !isFormatValid)) && "border-destructive focus-visible:ring-destructive")}
-                placeholder="e.g. daily_sales_check"
+                placeholder={t("runs.namePlaceholder")}
                 autoFocus
                 autoComplete="off"
               />
               {isConflict && (
-                <p className="text-xs text-destructive">This schedule name already exists.</p>
+                <p className="text-xs text-destructive">{t("runs.scheduleNameExists")}</p>
               )}
               {!isConflict && name.length > 0 && !isFormatValid && (
                 <p className="text-xs text-destructive">
-                  Name must be 1–64 characters using only letters, digits, underscores, or hyphens.
+                  {t("runs.scheduleNameInvalid")}
                 </p>
               )}
             </div>
           </div>
           <DialogFooter>
-            <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}>Cancel</Button>
+            <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}>{t("runs.cancel")}</Button>
             <Button type="submit" disabled={!isValid || isSubmitting}>
               {isSubmitting ? <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin mr-2" /> : null}
-              Create
+              {t("runs.create")}
             </Button>
           </DialogFooter>
         </form>
@@ -1582,32 +1636,34 @@ function RunEditorSkeleton() {
 }
 
 function RunsListError({ resetErrorBoundary }: { resetErrorBoundary: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-8 text-center">
       <AlertCircle className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">Failed to load schedules</p>
+      <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">{t("runs.failedLoadSchedules")}</p>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs mb-3">
-        Please check your configuration settings
+        {t("runs.failedLoadSchedulesHint")}
       </p>
       <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={resetErrorBoundary} className="gap-2">
         <RotateCcw className="h-3 w-3" />
-        Retry
+        {t("common.retry")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function RunEditorError({ resetErrorBoundary }: { resetErrorBoundary: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center h-full text-center">
       <AlertCircle className="h-16 w-16 text-destructive/30 mb-4" />
-      <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-2">Failed to load schedule editor</h3>
+      <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-2">{t("runs.failedLoadEditor")}</h3>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-4">
-        Please check your configuration settings
+        {t("runs.failedLoadEditorHint")}
       </p>
       <Button variant="outline" onClick={resetErrorBoundary} className="gap-2">
         <RotateCcw className="h-4 w-4" />
-        Retry
+        {t("common.retry")}
       </Button>
     </div>
   );
@@ -1617,21 +1673,22 @@ function RunEditorError({ resetErrorBoundary }: { resetErrorBoundary: () => void
 // Schedules List View — full-width table with metadata columns
 // ===========================================================================
 
-function scopeLabel(cfg: ScheduleConfig): string {
+function scopeLabel(cfg: ScheduleConfig, t: Translator): string {
   switch (cfg.scope_mode) {
-    case "all": return "All approved rules";
-    case "catalog": return (cfg.scope_catalogs ?? []).join(", ") || "No catalogs";
-    case "schema": return (cfg.scope_schemas ?? []).join(", ") || "No schemas";
+    case "all": return t("runs.scopeAll");
+    case "catalog": return (cfg.scope_catalogs ?? []).join(", ") || t("runs.scopeNoCatalogs");
+    case "schema": return (cfg.scope_schemas ?? []).join(", ") || t("runs.scopeNoSchemas");
     case "tables": {
       const tables = cfg.scope_tables ?? [];
-      if (tables.length <= 2) return tables.join(", ") || "No tables";
-      return `${tables[0]}, ${tables[1]} +${tables.length - 2} more`;
+      if (tables.length <= 2) return tables.join(", ") || t("runs.scopeNoTables");
+      return t("runs.scopeMoreSummary", { a: tables[0], b: tables[1], count: tables.length - 2 });
     }
-    default: return "All";
+    default: return t("runs.scopeAllLabel");
   }
 }
 
 function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [schedules, setSchedules] = useState<ScheduleConfigEntry[]>([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [fetchError, setFetchError] = useState<"permission" | "other" | null>(null);
@@ -1669,10 +1726,9 @@ function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
     return (
       <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
         <ShieldAlert className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-        <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">Insufficient permissions</p>
+        <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">{t("runs.permissionsViewSchedulesTitle")}</p>
         <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs">
-          You need Admin permissions to view and manage schedules.
-          Contact your workspace admin to request access.
+          {t("runs.permissionsViewSchedulesBody")}
         </p>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1682,9 +1738,9 @@ function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
     return (
       <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
         <AlertCircle className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive/30 mb-3" />
-        <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">Failed to load schedules</p>
+        <p className="text-destructive text-sm mb-1">{t("runs.failedLoadSchedules")}</p>
         <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs">
-          Please try refreshing the page.
+          {t("runs.tryRefreshing")}
         </p>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1694,9 +1750,9 @@ function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
     return (
       <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-center">
         <CalendarClock className="h-12 w-12 text-muted-foreground/30 mb-3" />
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">No schedules configured</p>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-1">{t("runs.noSchedulesConfigured")}</p>
         <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs">
-          Click &ldquo;New Schedule&rdquo; to create your first schedule
+          {t("runs.clickNewScheduleHint")}
         </p>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1707,12 +1763,12 @@ function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
       <table className="w-full text-sm">
         <thead>
           <tr className="border-b bg-muted/50">
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Name</th>
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Frequency</th>
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Scope</th>
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Sample Size</th>
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Last Updated</th>
-            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">Updated By</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerName")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerFrequency")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerScope")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerSampleSize")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerLastUpdated")}</th>
+            <th className="text-left font-medium text-muted-foreground px-4 py-3">{t("runs.headerUpdatedBy")}</th>
           </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
@@ -1730,16 +1786,16 @@ function SchedulesListView({ isDeleting }: { isDeleting?: boolean }) {
               </td>
               <td className="px-4 py-3 text-muted-foreground">
                 <Badge variant="outline" className="font-normal capitalize">
-                  {sched.config.frequency === "manual" ? "Manual" : cronPreview(sched.config)}
+                  {sched.config.frequency === "manual" ? t("runs.manual") : cronPreview(sched.config, t)}
                 </Badge>
               </td>
               <td className="px-4 py-3 text-muted-foreground">
-                <span className="truncate block max-w-[240px]" title={scopeLabel(sched.config)}>
-                  {scopeLabel(sched.config)}
+                <span className="truncate block max-w-[240px]" title={scopeLabel(sched.config, t)}>
+                  {scopeLabel(sched.config, t)}
                 </span>
               </td>
               <td className="px-4 py-3 text-muted-foreground">
-                {sched.config.sample_size != null ? sched.config.sample_size.toLocaleString() : "All rows"}
+                {sched.config.sample_size != null ? sched.config.sample_size.toLocaleString() : t("runs.allRows")}
               </td>
               <td className="px-4 py-3 text-muted-foreground text-xs">
                 {sched.updated_at ? formatDate(sched.updated_at) : sched.created_at ? formatDate(sched.created_at) : "—"}
@@ -1766,6 +1822,7 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
   onDeletingChange: (isDeleting: boolean) => void;
   isAdmin: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const { setRunContext } = useAIAssistant();
@@ -1815,13 +1872,13 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
         setIsDirty(false);
       } catch (e) {
         console.error("Error converting config to YAML", e);
-        toast.error("Error parsing schedule configuration");
+        toast.error(t("runs.errorParsingSchedule"));
       }
     } else {
       setYamlContent("");
       setIsDirty(false);
     }
-  }, [scheduleEntry]);
+  }, [scheduleEntry, t]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (currentRunName && yamlContent) {
@@ -1843,7 +1900,7 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
       const schedName = _name || currentRunName;
       const saved = await saveScheduleApi(schedName, configPart as ScheduleConfig);
       setScheduleEntry(saved);
-      toast.success("Schedule configuration saved successfully");
+      toast.success(t("runs.scheduleSaved"));
       setIsDirty(false);
       if (schedName !== currentRunName) {
         navigate({ to: "/runs/$runName", params: { runName: schedName } });
@@ -1852,10 +1909,10 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
     } catch (error) {
       console.error("Save error", error);
       if (isAxiosError(error) && error.response?.status === 403) {
-        toast.error("Insufficient permissions: only admins can save schedules.");
+        toast.error(t("runs.permissionsSaveSchedules"));
       } else {
-        const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Check YAML syntax or validation errors.";
-        toast.error(`Failed to save: ${message}`);
+        const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : t("runs.yamlSyntaxOrValidation");
+        toast.error(t("runs.failedSave", { message }));
       }
     } finally {
       setIsSaving(false);
@@ -1869,14 +1926,14 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
 
     try {
       await deleteScheduleApi(currentRunName);
-      toast.success(`Schedule "${currentRunName}" deleted`);
+      toast.success(t("runs.scheduleDeleted", { name: currentRunName }));
       navigate({ to: "/runs" });
       queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: [...SCHEDULES_KEY] });
     } catch (error) {
       if (isAxiosError(error) && error.response?.status === 403) {
-        toast.error("Insufficient permissions: only admins can delete schedules.");
+        toast.error(t("runs.permissionsDeleteSchedules"));
       } else {
-        toast.error("Failed to delete schedule");
+        toast.error(t("runs.failedDeleteSchedule"));
       }
     } finally {
       setIsDeleting(false);
@@ -1893,7 +1950,7 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
         const dump = yaml.dump(displayObj);
         setYamlContent(dump);
         setIsDirty(false);
-        toast.info("Changes discarded");
+        toast.info(t("runs.changesDiscarded"));
       } catch (e) {
         console.error("Error converting config to YAML", e);
       }
@@ -1915,7 +1972,7 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
 
       const resolvedFqns = resolveScheduleScope(cfg, allRules);
       if (resolvedFqns.length === 0) {
-        toast.error("No rule sets matched the schedule scope. Check that approved rules exist for the selected scope.");
+        toast.error(t("runs.noScopeMatched"));
         return;
       }
       const result = await batchRun.mutateAsync({
@@ -1923,10 +1980,10 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
       });
       const ok = result.data.submitted.length;
       const errs = result.data.errors.length;
-      if (ok > 0) toast.success(`Submitted ${ok} rule run${ok !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`);
-      if (errs > 0) toast.error(`${errs} table${errs !== 1 ? "s" : ""} failed to submit`);
+      if (ok > 0) toast.success(t("runs.submittedRuns", { count: ok }));
+      if (errs > 0) toast.error(t("runs.tablesFailedToSubmit", { count: errs }));
     } catch (err) {
-      toast.error(`Run failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Unknown error"}`);
+      toast.error(t("runs.runFailed", { error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("common.unknownError") }));
     } finally {
       setIsRunningNow(false);
     }
@@ -1966,20 +2023,20 @@ function RunEditorContainer({
 }
 
 function EmptyState({ onAddRun, isAdmin }: { onAddRun: () => void; isAdmin: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-center p-8">
       <div className="w-16 h-16 rounded-full bg-primary/10 flex items-center justify-center mb-6">
         <CalendarClock className="h-8 w-8 text-primary" />
       </div>
-      <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-2">No Scheduled Runs</h3>
+      <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-2">{t("runs.noScheduledRuns")}</h3>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-6 max-w-md">
-        Scheduled runs define how DQX Studio automatically processes your data quality checks
-        on a recurring or time-based cadence.{isAdmin ? " Create your first schedule to get started." : ""}
+        {t("runs.noScheduledRunsDescription")}{isAdmin ? t("runs.noScheduledRunsAdminSuffix") : ""}
       </p>
       {isAdmin && (
       <Button onClick={onAddRun} className="gap-2">
         <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-        Create Your First Schedule
+        {t("runs.createFirstSchedule")}
       </Button>
       )}
     </div>
@@ -1987,25 +2044,26 @@ function EmptyState({ onAddRun, isAdmin }: { onAddRun: () => void; isAdmin: bool
 }
 
 function RunNotFoundState({ runName, onAddRun, isAdmin }: { runName: string; onAddRun: () => void; isAdmin: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-center p-8">
       <div className="w-16 h-16 rounded-full bg-destructive/10 flex items-center justify-center mb-6">
         <AlertCircle className="h-8 w-8 text-destructive" />
       </div>
-      <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-2">Schedule Not Found</h3>
+      <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-2">{t("runs.scheduleNotFound")}</h3>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground mb-6 max-w-md">
-        The schedule configuration{" "}
-        <code className="px-1.5 py-0.5 bg-muted rounded text-sm font-mono">{runName}</code>{" "}
-        does not exist. It may have been deleted or renamed.
+        {t("runs.scheduleNotFoundDescriptionPrefix")}
+        <code className="px-1.5 py-0.5 bg-muted rounded text-sm font-mono">{runName}</code>
+        {t("runs.scheduleNotFoundDescriptionSuffix")}
       </p>
       <div className="flex gap-3">
         <Button variant="outline" asChild>
-          <Link to="/runs">View All Schedules</Link>
+          <Link to="/runs">{t("runs.viewAllSchedules")}</Link>
         </Button>
         {isAdmin && (
         <Button onClick={onAddRun} className="gap-2">
           <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
-          Create New Schedule
+          {t("runs.createNewSchedule")}
         </Button>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -2014,14 +2072,15 @@ function RunNotFoundState({ runName, onAddRun, isAdmin }: { runName: string; onA
 }
 
 function SelectRunState() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-center p-8">
       <div className="w-16 h-16 rounded-full bg-muted flex items-center justify-center mb-6">
         <CalendarClock className="h-8 w-8 text-muted-foreground" />
       </div>
-      <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">Select a Schedule</h3>
+      <h3 className="text-lg font-medium text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.selectAScheduleTitle")}</h3>
       <p className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-sm mt-1">
-        Choose a schedule from the list to view and edit its configuration
+        {t("runs.selectAScheduleDescription")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
@@ -2066,6 +2125,7 @@ function RunEditor({
   setIsDeleteOpen,
   isAdmin,
 }: RunEditorProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const isLocked = isSaving || isDeleting || !!isRunning || !isAdmin;
 
   return (
@@ -2074,47 +2134,47 @@ function RunEditor({
         <div className="flex-1">
           <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{runName}</h2>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mt-0.5">
-            {isAdmin ? "Edit schedule configuration" : "View schedule configuration"}
-            {isDirty && isAdmin && <span className="text-amber-500 ml-2">• Unsaved changes</span>}
+            {isAdmin ? t("runs.editScheduleConfiguration") : t("runs.viewScheduleConfiguration")}
+            {isDirty && isAdmin && <span className="text-amber-500 ml-2">{t("runs.unsavedChangesIndicator")}</span>}
           </p>
         </div>
         {isAdmin && (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
             {onRunNow && (
-              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={onRunNow} disabled={isDirty || isLocked} title={isDirty ? "Save changes before running" : "Run this schedule now"} className="gap-1.5">
+              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={onRunNow} disabled={isDirty || isLocked} title={isDirty ? t("runs.saveBeforeRun") : t("runs.runNowTooltip")} className="gap-1.5">
                 {isRunning ? <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" /> : <Play className="h-4 w-4" />}
-                Run Now
+                {t("runs.runNow")}
               </Button>
             )}
-            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" onClick={onReset} disabled={!isDirty || isLocked} title="Reset changes">
+            <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" onClick={onReset} disabled={!isDirty || isLocked} title={t("runs.resetChanges")}>
               <RotateCcw className="h-4 w-4" />
             </Button>
-            <Button onClick={onSave} variant="default" size="icon" disabled={!isDirty || isLocked} title="Save changes">
+            <Button onClick={onSave} variant="default" size="icon" disabled={!isDirty || isLocked} title={t("runs.saveChanges")}>
               {isSaving ? <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" /> : <Save className="h-4 w-4" />}
             </Button>
             <AlertDialog open={isDeleteOpen} onOpenChange={setIsDeleteOpen}>
               <AlertDialogTrigger asChild>
-                <Button variant="destructive" size="icon" disabled={isDeleting || isLocked} title="Delete Schedule">
+                <Button variant="destructive" size="icon" disabled={isDeleting || isLocked} title={t("runs.deleteSchedule")}>
                   <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
                 </Button>
               </AlertDialogTrigger>
               <AlertDialogContent>
                 <AlertDialogHeader>
-                  <AlertDialogTitle>Delete Schedule</AlertDialogTitle>
+                  <AlertDialogTitle>{t("runs.deleteSchedule")}</AlertDialogTitle>
                   <AlertDialogDescription>
-                    Are you sure you want to delete the schedule{" "}
-                    <span className="font-mono font-medium">{runName}</span>? This action cannot be undone.
+                    {t("runs.deleteScheduleConfirmPrefix")}
+                    <span className="font-mono font-medium">{runName}</span>{t("runs.deleteScheduleConfirmSuffix")}
                   </AlertDialogDescription>
                 </AlertDialogHeader>
                 <AlertDialogFooter>
-                  <AlertDialogCancel disabled={isDeleting}>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
+                  <AlertDialogCancel disabled={isDeleting}>{t("runs.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
                   <AlertDialogAction
                     onClick={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); if (!isDeleting) onDelete(); }}
                     disabled={isDeleting}
                     className="bg-destructive text-foreground hover:bg-destructive/90"
                   >
                     {isDeleting ? <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin mr-2" /> : null}
-                    Delete
+                    {t("runs.delete")}
                   </AlertDialogAction>
                 </AlertDialogFooter>
               </AlertDialogContent>
@@ -2132,6 +2192,7 @@ function RunEditor({
 function FormEditor({
   yamlContent, setYamlContent, setIsDirty, isLocked,
 }: { yamlContent: string; setYamlContent: (c: string) => void; setIsDirty: (d: boolean) => void; isLocked: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [formData, setFormData] = useState<RunConfig | null>(null);
   const [parseError, setParseError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [scheduleConfig, setScheduleConfig] = useState<ScheduleConfig>({ ...DEFAULT_SCHEDULE });
@@ -2185,10 +2246,10 @@ function FormEditor({
         setFormData(null);
       }
     } catch (e) {
-      setParseError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to parse YAML");
+      setParseError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("runs.failedParseYaml"));
       setFormData(null);
     }
-  }, [yamlContent]);
+  }, [yamlContent, t]);
 
   const updateFormData = useCallback((updates: Partial<RunConfig>) => {
     setFormData((prev) => {
@@ -2200,11 +2261,11 @@ function FormEditor({
         setYamlContent(newYaml);
         setIsDirty(true);
       } catch {
-        toast.error("Failed to convert form data to YAML");
+        toast.error(t("runs.failedConvertYaml"));
       }
       return updated;
     });
-  }, [setYamlContent, setIsDirty]);
+  }, [setYamlContent, setIsDirty, t]);
 
   const handleScheduleChange = useCallback((cfg: ScheduleConfig) => {
     setScheduleConfig(cfg);
@@ -2217,20 +2278,20 @@ function FormEditor({
         setYamlContent(newYaml);
         setIsDirty(true);
       } catch {
-        toast.error("Failed to convert form data to YAML");
+        toast.error(t("runs.failedConvertYaml"));
       }
       return updated;
     });
-  }, [setYamlContent, setIsDirty]);
+  }, [setYamlContent, setIsDirty, t]);
 
   if (parseError) {
     return (
       <div className="h-full flex items-center justify-center">
         <div className="text-center">
           <AlertCircle className="h-12 w-12 text-destructive mx-auto mb-3" />
-          <p className="text-destructive font-medium mb-1">Invalid schedule configuration</p>
+          <p className="text-destructive font-medium mb-1">{t("runs.invalidScheduleConfig")}</p>
           <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{parseError}</p>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-xs mt-2">Please delete and recreate this schedule to fix the issue.</p>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-xs mt-2">{t("runs.deleteRecreateHint")}</p>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -2248,35 +2309,36 @@ function FormEditor({
     <div className="h-full overflow-y-auto">
       <div className="max-w-4xl space-y-8 pr-4">
         <section>
-          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Basic Configuration</h3>
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">{t("runs.basicConfiguration")}</h3>
           <div className="space-y-4">
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label htmlFor="name">Name</Label>
-              <Input id="name" value={formData.name || ""} onChange={(e) => updateFormData({ name: e.target.value })} disabled={isLocked} placeholder="e.g., daily_sales_check" />
+              <Label htmlFor="name">{t("runs.name")}</Label>
+              <Input id="name" value={formData.name || ""} onChange={(e) => updateFormData({ name: e.target.value })} disabled={isLocked} placeholder={t("runs.namePlaceholder")} />
             </div>
           </div>
         </section>
 
         <section>
           <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4 flex items-center gap-2">
-            <CalendarClock className="h-5 w-5" /> Schedule
+            <CalendarClock className="h-5 w-5" /> {t("runs.schedule")}
           </h3>
           <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-3">
-            Configure when this schedule should automatically run. Choose "Manual only" to disable automatic execution.
+            {t("runs.scheduleSectionDescription")}
           </p>
           <ScheduleFrequencyPicker config={scheduleConfig} onChange={handleScheduleChange} disabled={isLocked} />
         </section>
 
         <section>
           <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4 flex items-center gap-2">
-            <Database className="h-5 w-5" /> Rule Scope
+            <Database className="h-5 w-5" /> {t("runs.ruleScope")}
           </h3>
           <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-3">
-            Choose which approved rule sets to include. Select by catalog, schema, or specific tables.
-            Rules are read from the <code className="text-[10px] bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded">dq_quality_rules</code> Delta table.
+            {t("runs.ruleScopeDescriptionPrefix")}
+            <code className="text-[10px] bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded">dq_quality_rules</code>
+            {t("runs.ruleScopeDescriptionSuffix")}
           </p>
           {approvedTables.length === 0 ? (
-            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">No approved rules found. Approve rules in Drafts & review first.</p>
+            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t("runs.noApprovedRulesFound")}</p>
           ) : (
             <ScopePicker
               config={scheduleConfig}

From 67add8aa289f0ee0bd8681706db1eeebc097fd57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 13:26:03 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/19] Add yarn.lock

---
 app/yarn.lock | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/yarn.lock b/app/yarn.lock
index ac1bf5216..03f116963 100644
--- a/app/yarn.lock
+++ b/app/yarn.lock
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@
   dependencies:
     "@babel/helper-plugin-utils" "^7.27.1"
 
+"@babel/runtime@^7.23.2", "@babel/runtime@^7.29.2":
+  version "7.29.2"
+  integrity sha512-JiDShH45zKHWyGe4ZNVRrCjBz8Nh9TMmZG1kh4QTK8hCBTWBi8Da+i7s1fJw7/lYpM4ccepSNfqzZ/QvABBi5g==
+
 "@babel/template@^7.27.2", "@babel/template@^7.28.6":
   version "7.28.6"
   integrity sha512-YA6Ma2KsCdGb+WC6UpBVFJGXL58MDA6oyONbjyF/+5sBgxY/dwkhLogbMT2GXXyU84/IhRw/2D1Os1B/giz+BQ==
@@ -1379,15 +1383,15 @@
   version "1.161.6"
   integrity sha512-NaOGLRrddszbQj9upGat6HG/4TKvXLvu+osAIgfxPYA+eIvYKv8GKDJOrY2D3/U9MRnKfMWD7bU4jeD4xmqyIg==
 
-"@tanstack/query-core@5.100.5":
-  version "5.100.5"
-  integrity sha512-t20KrhKkf0HXzqQkPbJ5erhFesup68BAbwFgYmTrS7bxMF7O5MdmL8jUkik4thsG7Hg00fblz30h6yF1d5TxGg==
+"@tanstack/query-core@5.100.6":
+  version "5.100.6"
+  integrity sha512-Os2CPUr98to98RYm+D4qGqGkiffn7MGSyl2547a4MljVkHE30AMJRqTiyCqBfMwzAx/I91vCkAxp5tHSla6Twg==
 
 "@tanstack/react-query@^5.90.5":
-  version "5.100.5"
-  integrity sha512-aNwj1mi2v2bQ9IxkyR1grLOUkv3BYWoykHy9KDyLNbjC3tsahbOHJibK+Wjtr1wRhG59/AvJhiJG5OlthaCgJA==
+  version "5.100.6"
+  integrity sha512-uVSrps0PV16Cxmcn2rvL+dUhwTpTUtiRW347AEeYxMZXO2pZe9ja7E24PAMGoQ5u2g89DD8u4QhOviBk+RN8RA==
   dependencies:
-    "@tanstack/query-core" "5.100.5"
+    "@tanstack/query-core" "5.100.6"
 
 "@tanstack/react-router-devtools@^1.133.36":
   version "1.166.13"
@@ -1396,12 +1400,12 @@
     "@tanstack/router-devtools-core" "1.167.3"
 
 "@tanstack/react-router@^1.133.36":
-  version "1.168.25"
-  integrity sha512-4U/E76dc+fYuLixjV1RLNfqrkQoexSL8MqGNpIHOodtvY3fMPGaALrvDVtBDQYBEU4z5r5fHaV6+kclWAVFP9A==
+  version "1.168.26"
+  integrity sha512-+MV+U5KfMUQGZIU/x8MU3FMRSujxLs678v2jhu1Y8P9ndQBKLVOBYKFY+vv/ypxBUYiyDiOsZkDxPJC8UPo/Ig==
   dependencies:
     "@tanstack/history" "1.161.6"
     "@tanstack/react-store" "^0.9.3"
-    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.17"
+    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.18"
     isbot "^5.1.22"
 
 "@tanstack/react-store@^0.9.3":
@@ -1411,9 +1415,9 @@
     "@tanstack/store" "0.9.3"
     use-sync-external-store "^1.6.0"
 
-"@tanstack/router-core@1.168.17":
-  version "1.168.17"
-  integrity sha512-VDq7HCqRK3sdpxoETwYoTXTaYi+OVQC197g1fdzaiZBUmhntfjn+PQc15OzTqNNhf8Menk6r6ftmuphybMKdig==
+"@tanstack/router-core@1.168.18":
+  version "1.168.18"
+  integrity sha512-rheeg/+hIHSVw9IDzcc5NJlKamKtKJN/c8rPG9XEmLwHvA4C1WRN/yjMTGgoGNU0xKKjL2AzvUhYMSaBdelbEA==
   dependencies:
     "@tanstack/history" "1.161.6"
     cookie-es "^3.0.0"
@@ -1427,12 +1431,12 @@
     clsx "^2.1.1"
     goober "^2.1.16"
 
-"@tanstack/router-generator@1.166.36":
-  version "1.166.36"
-  integrity sha512-ce8Sg+ONwdd483kXJBYhTcdIAjEwSlWUOkoLsgPdNUIfA05hdnd9JkNnM4X1OnzpFL8/+TBSMo4WYQp9CHhDPg==
+"@tanstack/router-generator@1.166.37":
+  version "1.166.37"
+  integrity sha512-uj5t0IzKzvwzySiTSrF2JLdxs5xwo3dbKJ3/BpLrJyrUC978VAupNP0kQlvps8VMKrGk9x9s1ogpO5qNu29Qpw==
   dependencies:
     "@babel/types" "^7.28.5"
-    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.17"
+    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.18"
     "@tanstack/router-utils" "1.161.7"
     "@tanstack/virtual-file-routes" "1.161.7"
     jiti "^2.6.1"
@@ -1441,8 +1445,8 @@
     zod "^3.24.2"
 
 "@tanstack/router-plugin@^1.133.36":
-  version "1.167.28"
-  integrity sha512-O23ba7JaKvx5Eu0l6iTpknu79QcdkMmoW1VtZdsZe5NoQ6dHHru6caoapDc/uOxmz7h7VYfSuLjs/UYg7EA1cA==
+  version "1.167.29"
+  integrity sha512-Rl5TWqXgn1dbs82IqpswP63WTODdYAmQ4kU/mulNzmCsgMKSer3bjKPFrE1g2dnxBxfoF6iwfDGdAwdreK4mvA==
   dependencies:
     "@babel/core" "^7.28.5"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx" "^7.27.1"
@@ -1450,8 +1454,8 @@
     "@babel/template" "^7.27.2"
     "@babel/traverse" "^7.28.5"
     "@babel/types" "^7.28.5"
-    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.17"
-    "@tanstack/router-generator" "1.166.36"
+    "@tanstack/router-core" "1.168.18"
+    "@tanstack/router-generator" "1.166.37"
     "@tanstack/router-utils" "1.161.7"
     "@tanstack/virtual-file-routes" "1.161.7"
     chokidar "^3.6.0"
@@ -1715,8 +1719,8 @@ balanced-match@^4.0.2:
   integrity sha512-BLrgEcRTwX2o6gGxGOCNyMvGSp35YofuYzw9h1IMTRmKqttAZZVU67bdb9Pr2vUHA8+j3i2tJfjO6C6+4myGTA==
 
 baseline-browser-mapping@^2.10.12:
-  version "2.10.23"
-  integrity sha512-xwVXGqevyKPsiuQdLj+dZMVjidjJV508TBqexND5HrF89cGdCYCJFB3qhcxRHSeMctdCfbR1jrxBajhDy7o29g==
+  version "2.10.24"
+  integrity sha512-I2NkZOOrj2XuguvWCK6OVh9GavsNjZjK908Rq3mIBK25+GD8vPX5w2WdxVqnQ7xx3SrZJiCiZFu+/Oz50oSYSA==
 
 binary-extensions@^2.0.0:
   version "2.3.0"
@@ -1956,8 +1960,8 @@ dunder-proto@^1.0.0, dunder-proto@^1.0.1:
     gopd "^1.2.0"
 
 electron-to-chromium@^1.5.328:
-  version "1.5.344"
-  integrity sha512-4MxfbmNDm+KPh066EZy+eUnkcDPcZ35wNmOWzFuh/ijvHsve6kbLTLURy88uCNK5FbpN+yk2nQY6BYh1GEt+wg==
+  version "1.5.345"
+  integrity sha512-F9JXQGiMrz6yVNPI2qOVPvB9HzjH5cGzhs8oJ6A28V5L/YnzN/0KsuiibqF+F1Fd9qxFzD1BUnYSd8JfULxTwg==
 
 emoji-regex@^8.0.0:
   version "8.0.0"
@@ -2410,6 +2414,12 @@ hasown@^2.0.2:
   dependencies:
     function-bind "^1.1.2"
 
+html-parse-stringify@^3.0.1:
+  version "3.0.1"
+  integrity sha512-KknJ50kTInJ7qIScF3jeaFRpMpE8/lfiTdzf/twXyPBLAGrLRTmkz3AdTnKeh40X8k9L2fdYwEp/42WGXIRGcg==
+  dependencies:
+    void-elements "3.1.0"
+
 http2-client@^1.2.5:
   version "1.3.5"
   integrity sha512-EC2utToWl4RKfs5zd36Mxq7nzHHBuomZboI0yYL6Y0RmBgT7Sgkq4rQ0ezFTYoIsSs7Tm9SJe+o2FcAg6GBhGA==
@@ -2418,6 +2428,16 @@ human-signals@^2.1.0:
   version "2.1.0"
   integrity sha512-B4FFZ6q/T2jhhksgkbEW3HBvWIfDW85snkQgawt07S7J5QXTk6BkNV+0yAeZrM5QpMAdYlocGoljn0sJ/WQkFw==
 
+i18next-browser-languagedetector@^8.2.1:
+  version "8.2.1"
+  integrity sha512-bZg8+4bdmaOiApD7N7BPT9W8MLZG+nPTOFlLiJiT8uzKXFjhxw4v2ierCXOwB5sFDMtuA5G4kgYZ0AznZxQ/cw==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime" "^7.23.2"
+
+i18next@^26.0.8:
+  version "26.0.8"
+  integrity sha512-BRzLom0mhDhV9v0QhgUUHWQJuwFmnr1194xEcNLYD6ym8y8s542n4jXUvRLnhNTbh9PmpU6kGZamyuGHQMsGjw==
+
 ignore@^5.2.0:
   version "5.3.2"
   integrity sha512-hsBTNUqQTDwkWtcdYI2i06Y/nUBEsNEDJKjWdigLvegy8kDuJAS8uRlpkkcQpyEXL0Z/pjDy5HBmMjRCJ2gq+g==
@@ -3132,6 +3152,14 @@ react-error-boundary@^6.0.0:
   version "6.1.1"
   integrity sha512-BrYwPOdXi5mqkk5lw+Uvt0ThHx32rCt3BkukS4X23A2AIWDPSGX6iaWTc0y9TU/mHDA/6qOSGel+B2ERkOvD1w==
 
+react-i18next@^17.0.6:
+  version "17.0.6"
+  integrity sha512-WzJ6SMKF+GTD7JZZqxSR1AKKmXjaSu39sClUrNlwxS4Tl7a99O+ltFy6yhPMO+wgZuxpQjJ2PZkfrQKmAqrLhw==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime" "^7.29.2"
+    html-parse-stringify "^3.0.1"
+    use-sync-external-store "^1.6.0"
+
 react-refresh@^0.18.0:
   version "0.18.0"
   integrity sha512-QgT5//D3jfjJb6Gsjxv0Slpj23ip+HtOpnNgnb2S5zU3CB26G/IDPGoy4RJB42wzFE46DRsstbW6tKHoKbhAxw==
@@ -3700,6 +3728,10 @@ vite@^7.1.12:
   optionalDependencies:
     fsevents "~2.3.3"
 
+void-elements@3.1.0:
+  version "3.1.0"
+  integrity sha512-Dhxzh5HZuiHQhbvTW9AMetFfBHDMYpo23Uo9btPXgdYP+3T5S+p+jgNy7spra+veYhBP2dCSgxR/i2Y02h5/6w==
+
 webidl-conversions@^3.0.0:
   version "3.0.1"
   integrity sha512-2JAn3z8AR6rjK8Sm8orRC0h/bcl/DqL7tRPdGZ4I1CjdF+EaMLmYxBHyXuKL849eucPFhvBoxMsflfOb8kxaeQ==

From 797d65347a8065cadef7a19b96de9fc9ec17c061 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 15:56:37 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/19] Add switch language feature to the doc

---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py |  2 +-
 docs/dqx/docs/guide/dqx_studio.mdx           | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
index c4f660c7f..b517c9e11 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/_metadata.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 app_name = "DQX Studio"
 app_module = "databricks_labs_dqx_app.backend.app:app"
 app_slug = "databricks_labs_dqx_app"
-api_prefix = "/api"
\ No newline at end of file
+api_prefix = "/api"
diff --git a/docs/dqx/docs/guide/dqx_studio.mdx b/docs/dqx/docs/guide/dqx_studio.mdx
index 6fc765c61..dd08e6674 100644
--- a/docs/dqx/docs/guide/dqx_studio.mdx
+++ b/docs/dqx/docs/guide/dqx_studio.mdx
@@ -60,6 +60,31 @@ The **Runner** privilege is additive — it adds the ability to trigger manual r
 Open the **Profile** page (top-right user menu) at any time to see your primary role, whether the Runner privilege is granted, and which groups you belong to that mapped you to those roles.
 </Admonition>
 
+## Profile preferences
+
+The **Profile** page (top-right user menu) is also where you manage personal preferences that affect only your own session.
+
+### Language
+
+DQX Studio is localized. Pick your preferred language from the **Preferences** card on the Profile page; the change applies immediately across every page in the studio.
+
+| Language | Code |
+| -------- | ---- |
+| English *(default)* | `en` |
+| Português (Brasil) | `pt-BR` |
+| Italiano | `it` |
+| Español | `es` |
+
+Your selection is stored in the browser's local storage, so it persists across reloads and is reapplied on your next visit. On first load — when no preference has been saved yet — the studio detects your browser language and falls back to English when none of the supported languages matches.
+
+<Admonition type="note" title="Per-user setting">
+Language is a personal preference — it does not change the language for other users, and it does not affect rule names, labels, comments, or data stored in workspace tables.
+</Admonition>
+
+<Admonition type="caution" title="AI-generated translations">
+Most non-English translations were produced with the help of AI and have not yet been fully reviewed by native speakers. They may contain inaccuracies, awkward phrasing, or missing context. If you spot a problem, please [open an issue](https://github.com/databrickslabs/dqx/issues) or contribute a fix — see the [contributing guide](/docs/dev/contributing).
+</Admonition>
+
 ## The home page
 
 The landing page is a quick overview with two primary calls to action:

From d361a4cacffc6f37562dfe5abbf06080e97882f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 11:07:09 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/19] Update
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts

Co-authored-by: Greg Hansen <163584195+ghanse@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
index fc528e833..91d7457df 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ i18n
       lookupLocalStorage: LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY,
       caches: ["localStorage"],
     },
+  })
+  .then(() => {
+    document.documentElement.lang = i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? "en";
   });
 
+i18n.on("languageChanged", (lng) => {
+  document.documentElement.lang = lng;
+});
+
 export default i18n;

From 0eb4b456041ec289592ad0f78cbe3b782df51b3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 11:10:46 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/19] Remove redundant line in the LanguageSelector

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx                       | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index 4974be25e..b7bded2ee 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {
     void i18n.changeLanguage(value);
-    document.documentElement.lang = value;
   };
 
   return (

From e1a1602e7ac9f7b4be275e31821e7055d76b5098 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 12:38:27 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/19] Fix the i18n anti-pattern

---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json                    | 14 +++++++++++---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json                    | 14 +++++++++++---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json                    | 14 +++++++++++---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json                 | 14 +++++++++++---
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx      | 14 +++++++-------
 5 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
index 94f632562..d1e2238d4 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -675,9 +675,17 @@
     "selectFunctionForEvery": "Select a function for every check",
     "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Assign at least one target table to a check",
     "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" is required for {{fn}}",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} check already exists for the selected table{{tablesPlural}}",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} checks already exist for the selected table{{tablesPlural}}",
-    "summary": "{{checks}} check{{checksPlural}} → {{rules}} rule{{rulesPlural}} across {{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} check already exists for {{tables}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} checks already exist for {{tables}}",
+    "selectedTable_one": "the selected table",
+    "selectedTable_other": "the selected tables",
+    "summaryChecks_one": "{{count}} check",
+    "summaryChecks_other": "{{count}} checks",
+    "summaryRules_one": "{{count}} rule",
+    "summaryRules_other": "{{count}} rules",
+    "summaryTables_one": "{{count}} table",
+    "summaryTables_other": "{{count}} tables",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} → {{rules}} across {{tables}}",
     "updateRule": "Update rule",
     "saveAsDrafts": "Save as drafts",
     "updateAndSubmit": "Update & submit",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
index 97669ac5e..80e3a1dc3 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -675,9 +675,17 @@
     "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selecciona una función para cada verificación",
     "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Asigna al menos una tabla destino a una verificación",
     "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" es obligatorio para {{fn}}",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificación ya existe para la(s) tabla(s) seleccionada(s)",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificaciones ya existen para la(s) tabla(s) seleccionada(s)",
-    "summary": "{{checks}} verificación(es) → {{rules}} regla(s) en {{tables}} tabla(s)",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificación ya existe para {{tables}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificaciones ya existen para {{tables}}",
+    "selectedTable_one": "la tabla seleccionada",
+    "selectedTable_other": "las tablas seleccionadas",
+    "summaryChecks_one": "{{count}} verificación",
+    "summaryChecks_other": "{{count}} verificaciones",
+    "summaryRules_one": "{{count}} regla",
+    "summaryRules_other": "{{count}} reglas",
+    "summaryTables_one": "{{count}} tabla",
+    "summaryTables_other": "{{count}} tablas",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} → {{rules}} en {{tables}}",
     "updateRule": "Actualizar regla",
     "saveAsDrafts": "Guardar como borradores",
     "updateAndSubmit": "Actualizar y enviar",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
index fe71272b7..29eff2e47 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -675,9 +675,17 @@
     "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selezionare una funzione per ogni controllo",
     "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Assegnare almeno una tabella di destinazione a un controllo",
     "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" è richiesto per {{fn}}",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} controllo esiste già per la tabella selezionata",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} controlli esistono già per le tabelle selezionate",
-    "summary": "{{checks}} controllo/i → {{rules}} regola/e su {{tables}} tabella/e",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} controllo esiste già per {{tables}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} controlli esistono già per {{tables}}",
+    "selectedTable_one": "la tabella selezionata",
+    "selectedTable_other": "le tabelle selezionate",
+    "summaryChecks_one": "{{count}} controllo",
+    "summaryChecks_other": "{{count}} controlli",
+    "summaryRules_one": "{{count}} regola",
+    "summaryRules_other": "{{count}} regole",
+    "summaryTables_one": "{{count}} tabella",
+    "summaryTables_other": "{{count}} tabelle",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} → {{rules}} su {{tables}}",
     "updateRule": "Aggiorna regola",
     "saveAsDrafts": "Salva come bozze",
     "updateAndSubmit": "Aggiorna e invia",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
index c4caa6e79..6fe647bfe 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
@@ -675,9 +675,17 @@
     "selectFunctionForEvery": "Selecione uma função para cada verificação",
     "assignAtLeastOneTable": "Atribua pelo menos uma tabela alvo a uma verificação",
     "argRequiredFor": "\"{{label}}\" é obrigatório para {{fn}}",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificação já existe para a(s) tabela(s) selecionada(s)",
-    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificações já existem para a(s) tabela(s) selecionada(s)",
-    "summary": "{{checks}} verificação(ões) → {{rules}} regra(s) em {{tables}} tabela(s)",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_one": "{{count}} verificação já existe para {{tables}}",
+    "duplicateChecksExist_other": "{{count}} verificações já existem para {{tables}}",
+    "selectedTable_one": "a tabela selecionada",
+    "selectedTable_other": "as tabelas selecionadas",
+    "summaryChecks_one": "{{count}} verificação",
+    "summaryChecks_other": "{{count}} verificações",
+    "summaryRules_one": "{{count}} regra",
+    "summaryRules_other": "{{count}} regras",
+    "summaryTables_one": "{{count}} tabela",
+    "summaryTables_other": "{{count}} tabelas",
+    "summary": "{{checks}} → {{rules}} em {{tables}}",
     "updateRule": "Atualizar regra",
     "saveAsDrafts": "Salvar como rascunhos",
     "updateAndSubmit": "Atualizar e enviar",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
index 79deeffad..d60b76410 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.single-table.tsx
@@ -1315,18 +1315,18 @@ function UnifiedRulesPage() {
                 <>
                   <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4 text-red-500" />
                   <span className="text-red-600">
-                    {t("rulesSingleTable.duplicateChecksExist", { count: dupCheckIds.size, tablesPlural: allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : "" })}
+                    {t("rulesSingleTable.duplicateChecksExist", {
+                      count: dupCheckIds.size,
+                      tables: t("rulesSingleTable.selectedTable", { count: allTargetTables.length }),
+                    })}
                   </span>
                 </>
               ) : (
                 <span>
                   {t("rulesSingleTable.summary", {
-                    checks: checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length,
-                    checksPlural: checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length !== 1 ? "s" : "",
-                    rules: totalTargetPairs,
-                    rulesPlural: totalTargetPairs !== 1 ? "s" : "",
-                    tables: allTargetTables.length,
-                    tablesPlural: allTargetTables.length !== 1 ? "s" : "",
+                    checks: t("rulesSingleTable.summaryChecks", { count: checks.filter((c) => c.fn !== "").length }),
+                    rules: t("rulesSingleTable.summaryRules", { count: totalTargetPairs }),
+                    tables: t("rulesSingleTable.summaryTables", { count: allTargetTables.length }),
                   })}
                   {dupChecking && <Loader2 className="inline h-3 w-3 animate-spin ml-2" />}
                 </span>

From 59025cee5ceb083f55c4e21bc34468b02d211a03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 13:02:53 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/19] =?UTF-8?q?Fix=20unstable=20-t=20in=20AuthGuard=20po?=
 =?UTF-8?q?lling-effect=20deps=20=E2=80=94=20read=20t=20via=20useRef?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx                 | 17 +++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
index 073031457..01a17e31e 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/AuthGuard.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import axios from "axios";
 import { Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@ interface AuthGuardProps {
  */
 export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const tRef = useRef(t);
   const [isAuthReady, setIsAuthReady] = useState(false);
   const [retryCount, setRetryCount] = useState(0);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    tRef.current = t;
+  }, [t]);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     let cancelled = false;
     let timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout;
@@ -47,17 +52,17 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
         } else {
           const errorMessage = axios.isAxiosError(err)
             ? err.response?.status === 401
-              ? t("auth.timeoutMessage")
-              : t("auth.serverErrorMessage", {
+              ? tRef.current("auth.timeoutMessage")
+              : tRef.current("auth.serverErrorMessage", {
                   status: err.response?.status ?? "",
                   statusText: err.response?.statusText || err.message,
                 })
             : err instanceof Error
             ? err.message
-            : t("auth.unknownError");
+            : tRef.current("auth.unknownError");
 
           setError(
-            `${errorMessage}${t("auth.errorSuffix")}`
+            `${errorMessage}${tRef.current("auth.errorSuffix")}`
           );
         }
       }
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ export function AuthGuard({ children }: AuthGuardProps) {
         clearTimeout(timeoutId);
       }
     };
-  }, [retryCount, isAuthReady, error, t]);
+  }, [retryCount, isAuthReady, error]);
 
   // Show error state
   if (error) {

From 941dca58d4f91a7dbdd3f6dd02ebaa1938c27c10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 13:21:56 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/19] Fall back by primary language tag

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx                     | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index b7bded2ee..4fac0ec29 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
   hideLabel = false,
 }: LanguageSelectorProps) {
   const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+  const primaryTag = i18n.resolvedLanguage?.split("-")[0];
   const current =
     SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code === i18n.resolvedLanguage)?.code ??
-    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => i18n.resolvedLanguage?.startsWith(l.code))?.code ??
+    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code.split("-")[0] === primaryTag)?.code ??
     "en";
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {

From a935c1a107859789d0b5532df9c98ffffcdd3e14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 15:18:07 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/19] i18n lazy-load non-default locale bundles

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx    |  4 +--
 .../ui/lib/i18n/index.ts                      | 34 ++++++++++++++-----
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx   | 22 ++++++------
 3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index 4fac0ec29..e0675d2b6 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   SelectValue,
 } from "@/components/ui/select";
 import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
-import { SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES, ensureLocaleLoaded } from "@/lib/i18n";
 
 interface LanguageSelectorProps {
   className?: string;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
     "en";
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {
-    void i18n.changeLanguage(value);
+    void ensureLocaleLoaded(value).then(() => i18n.changeLanguage(value));
   };
 
   return (
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
index 91d7457df..063c97075 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ import LanguageDetector from "i18next-browser-languagedetector";
 import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
 
 import en from "./locales/en.json";
-import ptBR from "./locales/pt-BR.json";
-import it from "./locales/it.json";
-import es from "./locales/es.json";
 
 export const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = [
   { code: "en", label: "English", nativeLabel: "English" },
@@ -18,15 +15,26 @@ export type LanguageCode = (typeof SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES)[number]["code"];
 
 export const LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY = "dqx.language";
 
-i18n
+const localeLoaders: Record<string, () => Promise<{ default: Record<string, unknown> }>> = {
+  "pt-BR": () => import("./locales/pt-BR.json"),
+  it: () => import("./locales/it.json"),
+  es: () => import("./locales/es.json"),
+};
+
+export async function ensureLocaleLoaded(lng: string): Promise<void> {
+  if (lng === "en" || i18n.hasResourceBundle(lng, "translation")) return;
+  const loader = localeLoaders[lng];
+  if (!loader) return;
+  const mod = await loader();
+  i18n.addResourceBundle(lng, "translation", mod.default);
+}
+
+export const i18nReady = i18n
   .use(LanguageDetector)
   .use(initReactI18next)
   .init({
     resources: {
       en: { translation: en },
-      "pt-BR": { translation: ptBR },
-      it: { translation: it },
-      es: { translation: es },
     },
     fallbackLng: "en",
     supportedLngs: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((l) => l.code),
@@ -40,12 +48,20 @@ i18n
       caches: ["localStorage"],
     },
   })
-  .then(() => {
-    document.documentElement.lang = i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? "en";
+  .then(async () => {
+    const requested = i18n.language;
+    if (requested && requested !== "en") {
+      await ensureLocaleLoaded(requested);
+      if (i18n.resolvedLanguage !== requested) {
+        await i18n.changeLanguage(requested);
+      }
+    }
+    document.documentElement.lang = i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? requested ?? "en";
   });
 
 i18n.on("languageChanged", (lng) => {
   document.documentElement.lang = lng;
+  void ensureLocaleLoaded(lng);
 });
 
 export default i18n;
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
index b1c44019b..854e03f83 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { StrictMode } from "react";
 import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
 
 import "@/styles/globals.css";
-import "@/lib/i18n";
+import { i18nReady } from "@/lib/i18n";
 import { routeTree } from "@/types/routeTree.gen";
 
 import { RouterProvider, createRouter } from "@tanstack/react-router";
@@ -56,13 +56,15 @@ const rootElement = document.getElementById("root")!;
 
 if (!rootElement.innerHTML) {
   const root = createRoot(rootElement);
-  root.render(
-    <StrictMode>
-      <AuthGuard>
-        <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
-          <RouterProvider router={router} />
-        </QueryClientProvider>
-      </AuthGuard>
-    </StrictMode>,
-  );
+  void i18nReady.then(() => {
+    root.render(
+      <StrictMode>
+        <AuthGuard>
+          <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+            <RouterProvider router={router} />
+          </QueryClientProvider>
+        </AuthGuard>
+      </StrictMode>,
+    );
+  });
 }

From 450d692f6de607a9d1aac8e75200d791a9480671 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 15:41:20 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/19] drop 52 unreferenced common.* keys from all locales

---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json               | 54 +------------------
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json               | 54 +------------------
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json               | 54 +------------------
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json            | 54 +------------------
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
index d1e2238d4..a6932a26e 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -8,85 +8,33 @@
     "primary": "Primary",
     "user": "User",
     "cancel": "Cancel",
-    "save": "Save",
     "saving": "Saving...",
     "delete": "Delete",
-    "edit": "Edit",
     "add": "Add",
-    "remove": "Remove",
-    "create": "Create",
-    "submit": "Submit",
-    "submitting": "Submitting...",
     "retry": "Retry",
     "refresh": "Refresh",
-    "close": "Close",
     "yes": "yes",
     "no": "no",
-    "search": "Search",
-    "clear": "Clear",
     "clearFilters": "Clear filters",
     "all": "All",
     "error": "Error",
     "warning": "Warning",
-    "warn": "Warn",
-    "errors": "Errors",
     "name": "Name",
-    "type": "Type",
     "status": "Status",
-    "duration": "Duration",
-    "actions": "Actions",
-    "details": "Details",
-    "back": "Back",
-    "next": "Next",
-    "previous": "Previous",
     "showing": "Showing",
     "of": "of",
-    "rows": "rows",
-    "rules": "rules",
-    "checks": "checks",
-    "check": "check",
     "criticality": "Criticality",
-    "labels": "Labels",
-    "function": "Function",
-    "column": "Column",
-    "columns": "Columns",
-    "table": "Table",
-    "tables": "tables",
-    "schema": "Schema",
-    "catalog": "Catalog",
     "selectCatalog": "All Catalogs",
     "selectSchema": "All Schemas",
-    "selectTable": "All Tables",
-    "view": "View",
-    "stop": "Stop",
     "running": "running",
     "done": "done",
     "failed": "failed",
-    "success": "Success",
-    "successLower": "success",
-    "exportYaml": "Export YAML",
     "selectAll": "Select All",
     "selectNone": "Select None",
-    "preview": "Preview",
-    "validate": "Validate",
-    "comments": "comments",
-    "noComments": "No comments yet.",
-    "loadingComments": "Loading comments...",
-    "addComment": "Add a comment...",
-    "showComments": "Show comments",
-    "hideComments": "Hide comments",
-    "failedToAddComment": "Failed to add comment",
-    "failedToDeleteComment": "Failed to delete comment",
     "unknownError": "Unknown error",
-    "discard": "Discard",
-    "discardLeave": "Discard & leave",
     "stayOnPage": "Stay on page",
     "unsavedChanges": "Unsaved changes",
-    "page": "Page",
-    "rowsPerPage": "Rows per page:",
-    "min": "min",
-    "max": "max",
-    "ago": "ago"
+    "rowsPerPage": "Rows per page:"
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Language",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
index 80e3a1dc3..92e9e2c07 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -8,85 +8,33 @@
     "primary": "Principal",
     "user": "Usuario",
     "cancel": "Cancelar",
-    "save": "Guardar",
     "saving": "Guardando...",
     "delete": "Eliminar",
-    "edit": "Editar",
     "add": "Agregar",
-    "remove": "Quitar",
-    "create": "Crear",
-    "submit": "Enviar",
-    "submitting": "Enviando...",
     "retry": "Reintentar",
     "refresh": "Actualizar",
-    "close": "Cerrar",
     "yes": "sí",
     "no": "no",
-    "search": "Buscar",
-    "clear": "Limpiar",
     "clearFilters": "Limpiar filtros",
     "all": "Todos",
     "error": "Error",
     "warning": "Advertencia",
-    "warn": "Advertencia",
-    "errors": "Errores",
     "name": "Nombre",
-    "type": "Tipo",
     "status": "Estado",
-    "duration": "Duración",
-    "actions": "Acciones",
-    "details": "Detalles",
-    "back": "Atrás",
-    "next": "Siguiente",
-    "previous": "Anterior",
     "showing": "Mostrando",
     "of": "de",
-    "rows": "filas",
-    "rules": "reglas",
-    "checks": "verificaciones",
-    "check": "verificación",
     "criticality": "Criticidad",
-    "labels": "Etiquetas",
-    "function": "Función",
-    "column": "Columna",
-    "columns": "Columnas",
-    "table": "Tabla",
-    "tables": "tablas",
-    "schema": "Esquema",
-    "catalog": "Catálogo",
     "selectCatalog": "Todos los Catálogos",
     "selectSchema": "Todos los Esquemas",
-    "selectTable": "Todas las Tablas",
-    "view": "Ver",
-    "stop": "Detener",
     "running": "ejecutando",
     "done": "completado",
     "failed": "falló",
-    "success": "Éxito",
-    "successLower": "éxito",
-    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
     "selectAll": "Seleccionar Todos",
     "selectNone": "Limpiar Selección",
-    "preview": "Vista previa",
-    "validate": "Validar",
-    "comments": "comentarios",
-    "noComments": "Aún no hay comentarios.",
-    "loadingComments": "Cargando comentarios...",
-    "addComment": "Agregar un comentario...",
-    "showComments": "Mostrar comentarios",
-    "hideComments": "Ocultar comentarios",
-    "failedToAddComment": "No se pudo agregar el comentario",
-    "failedToDeleteComment": "No se pudo eliminar el comentario",
     "unknownError": "Error desconocido",
-    "discard": "Descartar",
-    "discardLeave": "Descartar y salir",
     "stayOnPage": "Permanecer en la página",
     "unsavedChanges": "Cambios sin guardar",
-    "page": "Página",
-    "rowsPerPage": "Filas por página:",
-    "min": "mín",
-    "max": "máx",
-    "ago": "atrás"
+    "rowsPerPage": "Filas por página:"
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Idioma",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
index 29eff2e47..f4d5f046a 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -8,85 +8,33 @@
     "primary": "Principale",
     "user": "Utente",
     "cancel": "Annulla",
-    "save": "Salva",
     "saving": "Salvataggio...",
     "delete": "Elimina",
-    "edit": "Modifica",
     "add": "Aggiungi",
-    "remove": "Rimuovi",
-    "create": "Crea",
-    "submit": "Invia",
-    "submitting": "Invio in corso...",
     "retry": "Riprova",
     "refresh": "Aggiorna",
-    "close": "Chiudi",
     "yes": "sì",
     "no": "no",
-    "search": "Cerca",
-    "clear": "Cancella",
     "clearFilters": "Cancella filtri",
     "all": "Tutti",
     "error": "Errore",
     "warning": "Avviso",
-    "warn": "Avviso",
-    "errors": "Errori",
     "name": "Nome",
-    "type": "Tipo",
     "status": "Stato",
-    "duration": "Durata",
-    "actions": "Azioni",
-    "details": "Dettagli",
-    "back": "Indietro",
-    "next": "Successivo",
-    "previous": "Precedente",
     "showing": "Visualizzazione",
     "of": "di",
-    "rows": "righe",
-    "rules": "regole",
-    "checks": "controlli",
-    "check": "controllo",
     "criticality": "Criticità",
-    "labels": "Etichette",
-    "function": "Funzione",
-    "column": "Colonna",
-    "columns": "Colonne",
-    "table": "Tabella",
-    "tables": "tabelle",
-    "schema": "Schema",
-    "catalog": "Catalogo",
     "selectCatalog": "Tutti i Cataloghi",
     "selectSchema": "Tutti gli Schemi",
-    "selectTable": "Tutte le Tabelle",
-    "view": "Visualizza",
-    "stop": "Ferma",
     "running": "in esecuzione",
     "done": "completato",
     "failed": "fallito",
-    "success": "Successo",
-    "successLower": "successo",
-    "exportYaml": "Esporta YAML",
     "selectAll": "Seleziona Tutti",
     "selectNone": "Deseleziona Tutti",
-    "preview": "Anteprima",
-    "validate": "Valida",
-    "comments": "commenti",
-    "noComments": "Nessun commento ancora.",
-    "loadingComments": "Caricamento commenti...",
-    "addComment": "Aggiungi un commento...",
-    "showComments": "Mostra commenti",
-    "hideComments": "Nascondi commenti",
-    "failedToAddComment": "Impossibile aggiungere il commento",
-    "failedToDeleteComment": "Impossibile eliminare il commento",
     "unknownError": "Errore sconosciuto",
-    "discard": "Scarta",
-    "discardLeave": "Scarta ed esci",
     "stayOnPage": "Resta sulla pagina",
     "unsavedChanges": "Modifiche non salvate",
-    "page": "Pagina",
-    "rowsPerPage": "Righe per pagina:",
-    "min": "min",
-    "max": "max",
-    "ago": "fa"
+    "rowsPerPage": "Righe per pagina:"
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Lingua",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
index 6fe647bfe..885056536 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
@@ -8,85 +8,33 @@
     "primary": "Principal",
     "user": "Usuário",
     "cancel": "Cancelar",
-    "save": "Salvar",
     "saving": "Salvando...",
     "delete": "Excluir",
-    "edit": "Editar",
     "add": "Adicionar",
-    "remove": "Remover",
-    "create": "Criar",
-    "submit": "Enviar",
-    "submitting": "Enviando...",
     "retry": "Tentar novamente",
     "refresh": "Atualizar",
-    "close": "Fechar",
     "yes": "sim",
     "no": "não",
-    "search": "Pesquisar",
-    "clear": "Limpar",
     "clearFilters": "Limpar filtros",
     "all": "Todos",
     "error": "Erro",
     "warning": "Aviso",
-    "warn": "Aviso",
-    "errors": "Erros",
     "name": "Nome",
-    "type": "Tipo",
     "status": "Status",
-    "duration": "Duração",
-    "actions": "Ações",
-    "details": "Detalhes",
-    "back": "Voltar",
-    "next": "Próximo",
-    "previous": "Anterior",
     "showing": "Exibindo",
     "of": "de",
-    "rows": "linhas",
-    "rules": "regras",
-    "checks": "verificações",
-    "check": "verificação",
     "criticality": "Criticidade",
-    "labels": "Rótulos",
-    "function": "Função",
-    "column": "Coluna",
-    "columns": "Colunas",
-    "table": "Tabela",
-    "tables": "tabelas",
-    "schema": "Schema",
-    "catalog": "Catálogo",
     "selectCatalog": "Todos os Catálogos",
     "selectSchema": "Todos os Schemas",
-    "selectTable": "Todas as Tabelas",
-    "view": "Visualizar",
-    "stop": "Parar",
     "running": "executando",
     "done": "concluído",
     "failed": "falhou",
-    "success": "Sucesso",
-    "successLower": "sucesso",
-    "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
     "selectAll": "Selecionar Todos",
     "selectNone": "Limpar Seleção",
-    "preview": "Pré-visualizar",
-    "validate": "Validar",
-    "comments": "comentários",
-    "noComments": "Nenhum comentário ainda.",
-    "loadingComments": "Carregando comentários...",
-    "addComment": "Adicionar um comentário...",
-    "showComments": "Mostrar comentários",
-    "hideComments": "Ocultar comentários",
-    "failedToAddComment": "Falha ao adicionar comentário",
-    "failedToDeleteComment": "Falha ao excluir comentário",
     "unknownError": "Erro desconhecido",
-    "discard": "Descartar",
-    "discardLeave": "Descartar e sair",
     "stayOnPage": "Permanecer na página",
     "unsavedChanges": "Alterações não salvas",
-    "page": "Página",
-    "rowsPerPage": "Linhas por página:",
-    "min": "mín",
-    "max": "máx",
-    "ago": "atrás"
+    "rowsPerPage": "Linhas por página:"
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Idioma",

From ea7e06bc0d5f5fe99ee4af8c0a6c279b22808faf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 16:38:23 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/19] Fix the issue: Init failure produces a blank page.

---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
index 854e03f83..46eeb528e 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/main.tsx
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const rootElement = document.getElementById("root")!;
 
 if (!rootElement.innerHTML) {
   const root = createRoot(rootElement);
-  void i18nReady.then(() => {
+  const renderApp = () => {
     root.render(
       <StrictMode>
         <AuthGuard>
@@ -66,5 +66,10 @@ if (!rootElement.innerHTML) {
         </AuthGuard>
       </StrictMode>,
     );
+  };
+
+  void i18nReady.then(renderApp).catch((err) => {
+    console.error("i18n init failed; rendering with English fallback", err);
+    renderApp();
   });
 }

From 0a4521dcc95f52667bc3f160f624d72264559f0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 18:53:48 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/19] Normalize region-tagged locales without breaking pt-BR

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx    |  8 ++---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/index.ts                      | 30 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index e0675d2b6..e28b2eb37 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   SelectValue,
 } from "@/components/ui/select";
 import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
-import { SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES, ensureLocaleLoaded } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES, ensureLocaleLoaded, toSupportedCode } from "@/lib/i18n";
 
 interface LanguageSelectorProps {
   className?: string;
@@ -20,11 +20,7 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
   hideLabel = false,
 }: LanguageSelectorProps) {
   const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
-  const primaryTag = i18n.resolvedLanguage?.split("-")[0];
-  const current =
-    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code === i18n.resolvedLanguage)?.code ??
-    SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code.split("-")[0] === primaryTag)?.code ??
-    "en";
+  const current = toSupportedCode(i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? "en");
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {
     void ensureLocaleLoaded(value).then(() => i18n.changeLanguage(value));
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
index 063c97075..ff63aaaea 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/index.ts
@@ -21,12 +21,27 @@ const localeLoaders: Record<string, () => Promise<{ default: Record<string, unkn
   es: () => import("./locales/es.json"),
 };
 
+const SUPPORTED_CODES = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((l) => l.code);
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a (possibly region-tagged) language code to the closest supported
+ * code. Region variants resolve to their base locale — e.g. "es-MX" -> "es",
+ * "en-GB" -> "en", "pt-PT" -> "pt-BR" — mirroring i18next's
+ * `nonExplicitSupportedLngs` behaviour so the lazy loader can find a bundle.
+ */
+export function toSupportedCode(lng: string): string {
+  if (SUPPORTED_CODES.includes(lng as LanguageCode)) return lng;
+  const base = lng.split("-")[0];
+  return SUPPORTED_CODES.find((code) => code.split("-")[0] === base) ?? "en";
+}
+
 export async function ensureLocaleLoaded(lng: string): Promise<void> {
-  if (lng === "en" || i18n.hasResourceBundle(lng, "translation")) return;
-  const loader = localeLoaders[lng];
+  const code = toSupportedCode(lng);
+  if (code === "en" || i18n.hasResourceBundle(code, "translation")) return;
+  const loader = localeLoaders[code];
   if (!loader) return;
   const mod = await loader();
-  i18n.addResourceBundle(lng, "translation", mod.default);
+  i18n.addResourceBundle(code, "translation", mod.default);
 }
 
 export const i18nReady = i18n
@@ -49,14 +64,17 @@ export const i18nReady = i18n
     },
   })
   .then(async () => {
-    const requested = i18n.language;
-    if (requested && requested !== "en") {
+    // Resolve the detected language (which may carry a region tag, e.g.
+    // "es-MX") to a supported code, then lazy-load and select its bundle. Only
+    // "en" ships in the initial bundle, so non-English locales need this step.
+    const requested = toSupportedCode(i18n.language);
+    if (requested !== "en") {
       await ensureLocaleLoaded(requested);
       if (i18n.resolvedLanguage !== requested) {
         await i18n.changeLanguage(requested);
       }
     }
-    document.documentElement.lang = i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? requested ?? "en";
+    document.documentElement.lang = i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? requested;
   });
 
 i18n.on("languageChanged", (lng) => {

From da09af71b5ed960c01cd676d1d501d9df2192305 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 10:14:15 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/19] Fix LanguageSelector a11y: label hidden trigger, unique
 id

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx             | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index e28b2eb37..fcbdc2628 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { useId } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Languages } from "lucide-react";
 import {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
   hideLabel = false,
 }: LanguageSelectorProps) {
   const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+  const selectId = useId();
   const current = toSupportedCode(i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? "en");
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {
@@ -29,13 +31,17 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
   return (
     <div className={className}>
       {!hideLabel && (
-        <Label htmlFor="language-selector" className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
+        <Label htmlFor={selectId} className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
           <Languages className="h-4 w-4" />
           {t("language.label")}
         </Label>
       )}
       <Select value={current} onValueChange={handleChange}>
-        <SelectTrigger id="language-selector" className="w-full sm:w-64">
+        <SelectTrigger
+          id={selectId}
+          aria-label={hideLabel ? t("language.label") : undefined}
+          className="w-full sm:w-64"
+        >
           <SelectValue />
         </SelectTrigger>
         <SelectContent>

From a0a9093dc0c3469d980f81aad537bee09c7fd17d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 10:25:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/19] Handle failed language switch in LanguageSelector

---
 .../ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx                | 8 +++++++-
 .../databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json   | 3 ++-
 .../databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json   | 3 ++-
 .../databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json   | 3 ++-
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json                        | 3 ++-
 5 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
index fcbdc2628..6845fd4e3 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/components/apx/LanguageSelector.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useId } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Languages } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
 import {
   Select,
   SelectContent,
@@ -25,7 +26,12 @@ export default function LanguageSelector({
   const current = toSupportedCode(i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? "en");
 
   const handleChange = (value: string) => {
-    void ensureLocaleLoaded(value).then(() => i18n.changeLanguage(value));
+    ensureLocaleLoaded(value)
+      .then(() => i18n.changeLanguage(value))
+      .catch((err) => {
+        console.error("Failed to switch language", err);
+        toast.error(t("language.switchFailed"));
+      });
   };
 
   return (
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
index a6932a26e..7424b61fc 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Language",
-    "description": "Choose the language used across the interface."
+    "description": "Choose the language used across the interface.",
+    "switchFailed": "Failed to switch language. Please try again."
   },
   "sidebar": {
     "createRules": "Create Rules",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
index 92e9e2c07..88b8fd98a 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Idioma",
-    "description": "Elige el idioma utilizado en toda la interfaz."
+    "description": "Elige el idioma utilizado en toda la interfaz.",
+    "switchFailed": "No se pudo cambiar el idioma. Inténtalo de nuevo."
   },
   "sidebar": {
     "createRules": "Crear Reglas",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
index f4d5f046a..7dcf9ca19 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Lingua",
-    "description": "Scegli la lingua utilizzata nell'interfaccia."
+    "description": "Scegli la lingua utilizzata nell'interfaccia.",
+    "switchFailed": "Impossibile cambiare lingua. Riprova."
   },
   "sidebar": {
     "createRules": "Crea Regole",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
index 885056536..ea64acaa3 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
   },
   "language": {
     "label": "Idioma",
-    "description": "Escolha o idioma usado em toda a interface."
+    "description": "Escolha o idioma usado em toda a interface.",
+    "switchFailed": "Falha ao trocar de idioma. Tente novamente."
   },
   "sidebar": {
     "createRules": "Criar Regras",

From 7c0204f6d51debcd39efbfbaed07dc64884f7834 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 10:31:43 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/19] Translate untranslated Discovery strings in it.json

---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
index 7dcf9ca19..082038a16 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@
     "keyPlaceholder": "es. team"
   },
   "discovery": {
-    "breadcrumb": "Discovery",
-    "title": "Discovery",
+    "breadcrumb": "Esplorazione",
+    "title": "Esplorazione",
     "subtitle": "Sfoglia gli asset di Unity Catalog per trovare tabelle per i tuoi controlli di qualità.",
     "browseCatalog": "Sfoglia Catalogo",
     "browseCatalogDescription": "Seleziona un catalogo, schema e tabella per visualizzare le sue colonne.",
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@
     "missingColumns": "Colonne richieste mancanti"
   },
   "columnDiscovery": {
-    "title": "Discovery colonne",
+    "title": "Esplorazione colonne",
     "browseColumns": "(sfoglia colonne)",
     "hint": "Ricerca rapida delle colonne in qualsiasi tabella UC. Clicca su una colonna per copiarne il nome; incolla nel campo colonna di qualsiasi controllo sotto.",
     "loading": "Caricamento…",

From fd8ff96c8a7c5ef2c4f8dcb9b13a085d87bd58c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luiz Braz <luiz.braz@live.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 10:40:05 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 16/19] Document i18n authoring rules in frontend CLAUDE.md

---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/CLAUDE.md | 13 ++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/CLAUDE.md b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/CLAUDE.md
index 53783501d..9ede972ef 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/CLAUDE.md
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ ui/
 │   ├── api.ts                  # ⚠️ AUTO-GENERATED by orval — types + React Query hooks
 │   ├── axios-config.ts         # Axios interceptor (error logging)
 │   ├── utils.ts                # cn() — clsx + tailwind-merge
-│   └── selector.ts             # Extracts .data from React Query responses
+│   ├── selector.ts             # Extracts .data from React Query responses
+│   └── i18n/                   # react-i18next setup + locales/*.json (en, pt-BR, it, es)
 ├── hooks/
 │   └── use-mobile.ts           # Mobile viewport detection
 ├── styles/
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ Route tree regenerates automatically when the APX dev server is running (it runs
 - **Lucide React** — icons
 - **Motion** — animations
 - **Sonner** — toast notifications
+- **react-i18next** — internationalization (see [Internationalization (i18n)](#internationalization-i18n))
 - **js-yaml** — YAML parsing for config editing
 
 ## Commands
@@ -124,6 +126,15 @@ npm run preview   # Preview production build
 - Use `cn()` from `@/lib/utils` for conditional class merging
 - Wrap async data components in `Suspense` + error boundaries
 
+### Internationalization (i18n)
+
+The UI is fully localized with **react-i18next**. Locale bundles live in `lib/i18n/locales/*.json`. **Any user-facing string must be translated — never hard-code display text.**
+
+- **Use `t()` for all display text.** Get it from `useTranslation()` (`const { t } = useTranslation()`); reference strings by key (`t("discovery.title")`), never as literals in JSX. This includes `toast` messages, `aria-label`s, placeholders, and error strings.
+- **Add every new key to all four locales** — `en.json`, `pt-BR.json`, `it.json`, `es.json`. `en.json` is the source of truth. A key present in `en` but missing from the others falls back to English at runtime (a silent partial-translation bug), so keep the key sets in sync and translate the value in each file — don't leave the English string behind in a non-English file.
+- **Pluralize with native i18next, not string concatenation.** Use `_one` / `_other` suffix keys with `{{count}}` (e.g. `columnsCount_one` / `columnsCount_other`). Never build plurals with a hard-coded `"s"` suffix or an interpolated `{{somethingPlural}}` placeholder — that bakes English grammar into the translation layer and breaks other locales.
+- **Adding a new language:** add it to `SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES` and register a loader in `localeLoaders` (both in `lib/i18n/index.ts`), then create the matching `locales/<code>.json`. Only `en` ships in the initial JS bundle; other locales lazy-load on demand via `ensureLocaleLoaded`, so don't statically import them.
+
 ## Vite Config Notes
 
 - **APX Dev Proxy Guard**: Validates `x-apx-dev-proxy` header in dev mode

From 9830447ed500956d69ac6eb93eefa0c41fde2a0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marcin Wojtyczka <marcin.wojtyczka@databricks.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2026 11:16:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/19] Fix hard-coded plural 's' in rulesActive i18n strings
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Replace the {{tablesPlural}}/{{checksPlural}} placeholders in
rulesActive.tablesAndChecks and checksAcrossTables with native i18next
_one/_other fragment keys (tablesCount/checksCount) composed via nested
t() calls, matching the existing rulesSingleTable.summary pattern. This
fixes broken plurals in es/it/pt-BR (e.g. 'verificacións' -> proper
'verificaciones'). Keys added to all four locales; parity preserved.

Co-authored-by: Isaac
---
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json                        |  8 ++++++--
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json                        |  8 ++++++--
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json                        |  8 ++++++--
 .../ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json                     |  8 ++++++--
 .../ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx                | 10 ++++++++--
 5 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
index 7424b61fc..87e01f97d 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@
     "exportYaml": "Export YAML",
     "createRules": "Create rules",
     "approvedRuleSets": "Approved rule sets",
-    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} total checks",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} table",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tables",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} · {{checks}} total checks",
     "byTable": "By table",
     "byRule": "By rule",
     "crossTableTab": "Cross-table",
@@ -325,7 +327,9 @@
     "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errors",
     "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} warn",
     "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} warns",
-    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} check{{checksPlural}} across {{tables}} table{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "checksCount_one": "{{count}} check",
+    "checksCount_other": "{{count}} checks",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} across {{tables}}",
     "noCrossTable": "No cross-table rules",
     "noCrossTableHint": "Cross-table SQL rules will appear here once created and approved.",
     "headerMode": "Mode",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
index 88b8fd98a..64a1a6894 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@
     "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
     "createRules": "Crear reglas",
     "approvedRuleSets": "Conjuntos de reglas aprobadas",
-    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabla{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} verificaciones totales",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabla",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tablas",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} · {{checks}} verificaciones totales",
     "byTable": "Por tabla",
     "byRule": "Por regla",
     "crossTableTab": "Entre tablas",
@@ -325,7 +327,9 @@
     "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errores",
     "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} advertencia",
     "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} advertencias",
-    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} verificación{{checksPlural}} en {{tables}} tabla{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "checksCount_one": "{{count}} verificación",
+    "checksCount_other": "{{count}} verificaciones",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} en {{tables}}",
     "noCrossTable": "Sin reglas entre tablas",
     "noCrossTableHint": "Las reglas SQL entre tablas aparecerán aquí una vez creadas y aprobadas.",
     "headerMode": "Modo",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
index 082038a16..ad46ac29f 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@
     "exportYaml": "Esporta YAML",
     "createRules": "Crea regole",
     "approvedRuleSets": "Set di regole approvate",
-    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabella{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} controlli totali",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabella",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tabelle",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} · {{checks}} controlli totali",
     "byTable": "Per tabella",
     "byRule": "Per regola",
     "crossTableTab": "Tra tabelle",
@@ -325,7 +327,9 @@
     "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} errori",
     "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} avviso",
     "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} avvisi",
-    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} controllo{{checksPlural}} su {{tables}} tabella{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "checksCount_one": "{{count}} controllo",
+    "checksCount_other": "{{count}} controlli",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} su {{tables}}",
     "noCrossTable": "Nessuna regola tra tabelle",
     "noCrossTableHint": "Le regole SQL tra tabelle appariranno qui dopo essere state create e approvate.",
     "headerMode": "Modalità",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
index ea64acaa3..a178955f5 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/lib/i18n/locales/pt-BR.json
@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@
     "exportYaml": "Exportar YAML",
     "createRules": "Criar regras",
     "approvedRuleSets": "Conjuntos de regras aprovadas",
-    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} tabela{{tablesPlural}} · {{checks}} verificações totais",
+    "tablesCount_one": "{{count}} tabela",
+    "tablesCount_other": "{{count}} tabelas",
+    "tablesAndChecks": "{{tables}} · {{checks}} verificações totais",
     "byTable": "Por tabela",
     "byRule": "Por regra",
     "crossTableTab": "Entre tabelas",
@@ -325,7 +327,9 @@
     "errorsCount_other": "{{count}} erros",
     "warnsCount_one": "{{count}} aviso",
     "warnsCount_other": "{{count}} avisos",
-    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} verificação{{checksPlural}} em {{tables}} tabela{{tablesPlural}}",
+    "checksCount_one": "{{count}} verificação",
+    "checksCount_other": "{{count}} verificações",
+    "checksAcrossTables": "{{checks}} em {{tables}}",
     "noCrossTable": "Nenhuma regra entre tabelas",
     "noCrossTableHint": "Regras SQL entre tabelas aparecerão aqui depois de criadas e aprovadas.",
     "headerMode": "Modo",
diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
index 0f05591b8..bfcfac6c5 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/rules.active.tsx
@@ -334,7 +334,10 @@ function ActiveRulesPage() {
                 <CardDescription>
                   {isLoading
                     ? t("common.loading")
-                    : t("rulesActive.tablesAndChecks", { tables: filteredRules.length, tablesPlural: filteredRules.length !== 1 ? "s" : "", checks: totalCheckCount })}
+                    : t("rulesActive.tablesAndChecks", {
+                        tables: t("rulesActive.tablesCount", { count: filteredRules.length }),
+                        checks: totalCheckCount,
+                      })}
                 </CardDescription>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -743,7 +746,10 @@ function ByRuleView({ checks }: { checks: CheckWithMeta[] }) {
                     {t("rulesActive.warnsCount", { count: warnCount })}
                   </Badge>
                 )}
-                <span>{t("rulesActive.checksAcrossTables", { checks: items.length, checksPlural: items.length > 1 ? "s" : "", tables: tables.size, tablesPlural: tables.size > 1 ? "s" : "" })}</span>
+                <span>{t("rulesActive.checksAcrossTables", {
+                  checks: t("rulesActive.checksCount", { count: items.length }),
+                  tables: t("rulesActive.tablesCount", { count: tables.size }),
+                })}</span>
               </span>
             </button>
             {isOpen && (

From 0404527ca0f6d577576a15d023b79745c1f42320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marcin Wojtyczka <marcin.wojtyczka@databricks.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2026 12:32:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/19] Add CI check for i18n locale key/placeholder parity
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

New pytest (runs under `make app-test`, no JS toolchain needed) asserts,
with en.json as source of truth, that every locale has:
  - the same key set (catches keys that silently fall back to English), and
  - the same {{placeholder}} set per key (catches missing/extra interpolation
    that triggers i18next missingInterpolation),
and that no locale uses a hard-coded {{*Plural}} placeholder (use native
_one/_other + {{count}} instead) — the anti-pattern fixed in 9830447, which
placeholder-set parity alone would not catch since all locales shared it.

Co-authored-by: Isaac
---
 app/tests/test_i18n_locale_parity.py | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 app/tests/test_i18n_locale_parity.py

diff --git a/app/tests/test_i18n_locale_parity.py b/app/tests/test_i18n_locale_parity.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d8d739e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/tests/test_i18n_locale_parity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""CI guard for i18n locale integrity. Runs under ``make app-test`` (pytest),
+so no JS toolchain is needed.
+
+Asserts, with ``en.json`` as the source of truth, that every locale:
+  1. has the same key set (a key only in en falls back to English silently);
+  2. has the same ``{{placeholder}}`` set per key (a dropped/extra placeholder
+     makes i18next log ``missingInterpolation`` and renders inconsistently);
+and that no locale uses a hard-coded ``{{*Plural}}`` placeholder (English
+grammar baked into the translation layer — use native ``_one``/``_other``
+keys with ``{{count}}`` instead). See ui/CLAUDE.md "Internationalization".
+
+Note: strict key-set equality assumes every locale uses the same plural
+categories (``_one``/``_other``), which holds for en/es/it/pt-BR. A future
+locale needing extra CLDR forms (e.g. Polish ``_few``/``_many``) would
+require comparing plural base-groups rather than exact keys.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+LOCALES_DIR = (
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "src" / "databricks_labs_dqx_app" / "ui" / "lib" / "i18n" / "locales"
+)
+SOURCE_LOCALE = "en"
+# i18next placeholder forms: {{name}}, {{ name }}, {{- name}} (unescaped),
+# {{name, formatter}}. We only need the variable name.
+_PLACEHOLDER_RE = re.compile(r"\{\{-?\s*(\w+)")
+
+
+def _flatten(obj: object, prefix: str = "") -> dict[str, str]:
+    out: dict[str, str] = {}
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        for key, value in obj.items():
+            out.update(_flatten(value, f"{prefix}{key}."))
+    elif isinstance(obj, str):
+        out[prefix.rstrip(".")] = obj
+    return out
+
+
+def _load(locale: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    return _flatten(json.loads((LOCALES_DIR / f"{locale}.json").read_text("utf-8")))
+
+
+def _placeholders(value: str) -> set[str]:
+    return set(_PLACEHOLDER_RE.findall(value))
+
+
+def _all_locales() -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(p.stem for p in LOCALES_DIR.glob("*.json"))
+
+
+def _target_locales() -> list[str]:
+    return [locale for locale in _all_locales() if locale != SOURCE_LOCALE]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def source() -> dict[str, str]:
+    return _load(SOURCE_LOCALE)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("locale", _target_locales())
+def test_locale_key_set_matches_english(locale: str, source: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    target = _load(locale)
+    missing = sorted(set(source) - set(target))
+    extra = sorted(set(target) - set(source))
+    assert (
+        not missing and not extra
+    ), f"{locale}.json key set diverges from {SOURCE_LOCALE}.json — missing={missing} extra={extra}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("locale", _target_locales())
+def test_locale_placeholders_match_english(locale: str, source: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    target = _load(locale)
+    mismatches = [
+        f"{key}: en={sorted(_placeholders(en_val))} {locale}={sorted(_placeholders(target[key]))}"
+        for key, en_val in source.items()
+        if key in target and _placeholders(en_val) != _placeholders(target[key])
+    ]
+    assert not mismatches, f"{locale}.json placeholder sets diverge:\n" + "\n".join(mismatches)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("locale", _all_locales())
+def test_no_hardcoded_plural_placeholders(locale: str) -> None:
+    offenders = [
+        f"{key}: {{{{{ph}}}}}"
+        for key, value in _load(locale).items()
+        for ph in _placeholders(value)
+        if ph.endswith("Plural")
+    ]
+    assert not offenders, (
+        f"{locale}.json uses hard-coded plural placeholders "
+        f"(use native _one/_other + {{{{count}}}} instead):\n" + "\n".join(offenders)
+    )

From 80f1eaad12a7bbcd22810f5d819e43a585e8d4bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marcin Wojtyczka <marcin.wojtyczka@databricks.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2026 10:55:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/19] fix(app): remove unused formatLabel import in runs.tsx

Fixes TS6133 'formatLabel is declared but its value is never read'
that broke the Build and Check App TypeScript compilation in CI.

Co-authored-by: Isaac
---
 app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
index 7ae98afd2..b62a3fe31 100644
--- a/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
+++ b/app/src/databricks_labs_dqx_app/ui/routes/_sidebar/runs.tsx
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ import { useActiveRuns, type ActiveRun } from "@/hooks/use-active-runs";
 import { getDryRunStatus, type RunStatusOut } from "@/lib/api";
 import { cancelDryRun } from "@/lib/api-custom";
 import { CircleStop, ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
-import { parseFqn, formatDateTime as formatDate, getUserMetadata, labelToken, tokenToLabel, formatLabel } from "@/lib/format-utils";
+import { parseFqn, formatDateTime as formatDate, getUserMetadata, labelToken, tokenToLabel } from "@/lib/format-utils";
 import { LabelFilter, LabelsBadges, labelsMatchFilter } from "@/components/Labels";
 import { usePermissions } from "@/hooks/use-permissions";
 import { requireRunnerOrRedirect } from "@/lib/route-guards";