[Essentials] Add microphone permission handling on Windows and tests (#31451)

* [Essentials] Add microphone permission handling on Windows and tests

* Adjust changes after review

* Add additional microphone permission tests

Author: morning4coffe-dev

src/Essentials/src/Permissions/Permissions.windows.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 using Windows.ApplicationModel.Contacts;
 using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
 using Windows.Devices.Geolocation;
+using Windows.Media.Capture;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel
 {
@@ -173,6 +174,57 @@ public partial class Media : BasePlatformPermission
 
 		public partial class Microphone : BasePlatformPermission
 		{
+			/// <inheritdoc/>
+			protected override Func<IEnumerable<string>> RequiredDeclarations => () => ["microphone"];
+
+			/// <inheritdoc/>
+			public override Task<PermissionStatus> CheckStatusAsync()
+			{
+				EnsureDeclared();
+				return Task.FromResult(CheckStatus() switch
+				{
+					DeviceAccessStatus.Allowed => PermissionStatus.Granted,
+					DeviceAccessStatus.DeniedBySystem => PermissionStatus.Denied,
+					DeviceAccessStatus.DeniedByUser => PermissionStatus.Denied,
+					_ => PermissionStatus.Unknown,
+				});
+			}
+
+			/// <inheritdoc/>
+			public override async Task<PermissionStatus> RequestAsync()
+			{
+				EnsureDeclared();
+
+				// If already explicitly allowed, return that
+				var status = CheckStatus();
+				if (status == DeviceAccessStatus.Allowed)
+					return PermissionStatus.Granted;
+
+				try
+				{
+					var settings = new MediaCaptureInitializationSettings
+					{
+						StreamingCaptureMode = StreamingCaptureMode.Audio
+					};
+
+					using (var mediaCapture = new MediaCapture())
+					{
+						await mediaCapture.InitializeAsync(settings);
+						return PermissionStatus.Granted;
+					}
+				}
+				catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
+				{
+					return PermissionStatus.Denied;
+				}
+				catch
+				{
+					return PermissionStatus.Unknown;
+				}
+			}
+
+			private DeviceAccessStatus CheckStatus()
+				=> DeviceAccessInformation.CreateFromDeviceClass(DeviceClass.AudioCapture).CurrentStatus;
 		}
 
 		public partial class NearbyWifiDevices : BasePlatformPermission

src/Essentials/src/PublicAPI/net-windows/PublicAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ Microsoft.Maui.Media.SpeechOptions.Rate.get -> float?
 Microsoft.Maui.Media.SpeechOptions.Rate.set -> void
 *REMOVED*Microsoft.Maui.Storage.IFilePicker.PickMultipleAsync(Microsoft.Maui.Storage.PickOptions? options = null) -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Microsoft.Maui.Storage.FileResult!>!>!
 Microsoft.Maui.Storage.IFilePicker.PickMultipleAsync(Microsoft.Maui.Storage.PickOptions? options = null) -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Microsoft.Maui.Storage.FileResult?>!>!
+~override Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.Permissions.Microphone.CheckStatusAsync() -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.PermissionStatus>
+~override Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.Permissions.Microphone.RequestAsync() -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.PermissionStatus>
+~override Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.Permissions.Microphone.RequiredDeclarations.get -> System.Func<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<string>>
 static Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticator.AuthenticateAsync(Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticatorOptions! webAuthenticatorOptions, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticatorResult!>!
 static Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticator.AuthenticateAsync(System.Uri! url, System.Uri! callbackUrl, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticatorResult!>!
 static Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticatorExtensions.AuthenticateAsync(this Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.IWebAuthenticator! webAuthenticator, System.Uri! url, System.Uri! callbackUrl, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.Maui.Authentication.WebAuthenticatorResult!>!

src/Essentials/test/DeviceTests/Platforms/Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
 	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
 	<queries>
 		<!-- Email -->
 		<intent>

src/Essentials/test/DeviceTests/Platforms/MacCatalyst/Info.plist

@@ -30,5 +30,7 @@
 	<string>Access to your location is required for cool things to happen!</string>
 	<key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
 	<string>Contacts</string>
+	<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
+	<string>Microphone access is required for microphone tests.</string>
 </dict>
 </plist>

src/Essentials/test/DeviceTests/Platforms/Windows/Package.appxmanifest

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 
   <Capabilities>
     <rescap:Capability Name="runFullTrust" />
+    <!-- Microphone device capability for Essentials.DeviceTests -->
+    <DeviceCapability Name="microphone" />
   </Capabilities>
 
 </Package>

src/Essentials/test/DeviceTests/Platforms/iOS/Info.plist

@@ -32,5 +32,7 @@
 	<string>Access to your location is required for cool things to happen!</string>
 	<key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
 	<string>Contacts</string>
+	<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
+	<string>Microphone access is required for microphone tests.</string>
 </dict>
 </plist>

src/Essentials/test/DeviceTests/Tests/Microphone_Tests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.DeviceTests;
+
+[Category("Permissions")] 
+public class Microphone_Tests
+{
+	[Fact]
+	[Trait(Traits.InteractionType, Traits.InteractionTypes.Human)]
+	public async Task Request_Microphone_Denied_Returns_Denied()
+	{
+		// If microphone permission was previously granted, the OS won't show a new prompt.
+		// In that case we can't exercise the prompt flow, so skip the test.
+		var initial = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		if (initial == PermissionStatus.Granted)
+			return; // nothing to prompt; skip
+
+		// This test requires human interaction: When prompted, choose Deny for microphone access
+		var status = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Denied, status);
+
+		// And subsequent checks should reflect Denied
+		var check = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Denied, check);
+	}
+
+	[Fact]
+	[Trait(Traits.InteractionType, Traits.InteractionTypes.Human)]
+	public async Task Request_Microphone_Allowed_Returns_Granted()
+	{
+		// If microphone permission was previously granted, the OS won't show a new prompt.
+		// In that case we can't exercise the prompt flow, so skip the test.
+		var initial = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		if (initial == PermissionStatus.Granted)
+			return; // nothing to prompt; skip
+
+		// This test requires human interaction: When prompted, choose Allow for microphone access
+		var status = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Granted, status);
+
+		// And subsequent checks should reflect Granted
+		var check = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Granted, check);
+	}
+
+	[Fact]
+	[Trait(Traits.InteractionType, Traits.InteractionTypes.Human)]
+	public async Task Request_Microphone_Granted_Then_RequestAgain_Returns_Granted()
+	{
+		// Ensure we have the Granted state first (may require human interaction on first request)
+		var status = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		if (status != PermissionStatus.Granted)
+		{
+			// Human: choose Allow when prompted
+			status = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+			if (status != PermissionStatus.Granted)
+				return; // Can't proceed with this test if user denied; treat as skip
+		}
+
+		// Second request should short-circuit and still return Granted without a new prompt
+		var second = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Granted, second);
+
+		// Status check remains Granted
+		var check = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Granted, check);
+	}
+
+	[Fact]
+	[Trait(Traits.InteractionType, Traits.InteractionTypes.Human)]
+	public async Task Request_Microphone_Denied_Then_RequestAgain_Returns_Denied()
+	{
+		// If already granted we can't meaningfully test denied flow again without application/OS settings reset
+		var initial = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		if (initial == PermissionStatus.Granted)
+			return; // skip
+
+		// First request: Human choose Deny when prompted (if prompt appears)
+		var first = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+		if (first != PermissionStatus.Denied)
+			return; // can't assert repeat deny path if user allowed or unknown
+
+		// Second request should return Denied again (idempotent) and not elevate permission
+		var second = await MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Permissions.RequestAsync<Permissions.Microphone>);
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Denied, second);
+
+		var check = await Permissions.CheckStatusAsync<Permissions.Microphone>();
+		Assert.Equal(PermissionStatus.Denied, check);
+	}
+}