diff --git a/.eslintrc.js b/.eslintrc.js
index 23d5ab76c32bc..d464e83b453aa 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -127,6 +127,41 @@ module.exports = {
   },
 
   overrides: [
+    {
+      // By default, anything error message that appears the packages directory
+      // must have a corresponding error code. The exceptions are defined
+      // in the next override entry.
+      files: ['packages/**/*.js'],
+      rules: {
+        'react-internal/prod-error-codes': ERROR,
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      // These are files where it's OK to have unminified error messages. These
+      // are environments where bundle size isn't a concern, like tests
+      // or Node.
+      files: [
+        'packages/react-dom/src/test-utils/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-devtools-shared/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-noop-renderer/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-pg/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-fs/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-refresh/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-server-dom-webpack/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-test-renderer/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-debug-tools/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-devtools-extensions/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-devtools-scheduling-profiler/**/*.js',
+        'packages/react-native-renderer/**/*.js',
+        'packages/eslint-plugin-react-hooks/**/*.js',
+        'packages/jest-react/**/*.js',
+        'packages/**/__tests__/*.js',
+        'packages/**/npm/*.js',
+      ],
+      rules: {
+        'react-internal/prod-error-codes': OFF,
+      },
+    },
     {
       // We apply these settings to files that we ship through npm.
       // They must be ES5.
diff --git a/packages/create-subscription/src/createSubscription.js b/packages/create-subscription/src/createSubscription.js
index 30d7b669f65fe..329a238fc238a 100644
--- a/packages/create-subscription/src/createSubscription.js
+++ b/packages/create-subscription/src/createSubscription.js
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  */
 
 import * as React from 'react';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 type Unsubscribe = () => void;
 
@@ -128,10 +127,12 @@ export function createSubscription<Property, Value>(
 
         // Store the unsubscribe method for later (in case the subscribable prop changes).
         const unsubscribe = subscribe(source, callback);
-        invariant(
-          typeof unsubscribe === 'function',
-          'A subscription must return an unsubscribe function.',
-        );
+
+        if (typeof unsubscribe !== 'function') {
+          throw new Error(
+            'A subscription must return an unsubscribe function.',
+          );
+        }
 
         // It's safe to store unsubscribe on the instance because
         // We only read or write that property during the "commit" phase.
diff --git a/packages/jest-react/src/JestReact.js b/packages/jest-react/src/JestReact.js
index b4688f1ff980a..92f7e7cdb192d 100644
--- a/packages/jest-react/src/JestReact.js
+++ b/packages/jest-react/src/JestReact.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 import {REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE, REACT_FRAGMENT_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 export {act} from './internalAct';
@@ -31,11 +30,12 @@ function captureAssertion(fn) {
 function assertYieldsWereCleared(root) {
   const Scheduler = root._Scheduler;
   const actualYields = Scheduler.unstable_clearYields();
-  invariant(
-    actualYields.length === 0,
-    'Log of yielded values is not empty. ' +
-      'Call expect(ReactTestRenderer).unstable_toHaveYielded(...) first.',
-  );
+  if (actualYields.length !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Log of yielded values is not empty. ' +
+        'Call expect(ReactTestRenderer).unstable_toHaveYielded(...) first.',
+    );
+  }
 }
 
 export function unstable_toMatchRenderedOutput(root, expectedJSX) {
diff --git a/packages/react-art/src/ReactARTHostConfig.js b/packages/react-art/src/ReactARTHostConfig.js
index f9971b5bb0360..ec702bf9a70d4 100644
--- a/packages/react-art/src/ReactARTHostConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-art/src/ReactARTHostConfig.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 import Transform from 'art/core/transform';
 import Mode from 'art/modes/current';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {TYPES, EVENT_TYPES, childrenAsString} from './ReactARTInternals';
 
@@ -248,8 +247,7 @@ export * from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMicrotasks';
 export function appendInitialChild(parentInstance, child) {
   if (typeof child === 'string') {
     // Noop for string children of Text (eg <Text>{'foo'}{'bar'}</Text>)
-    invariant(false, 'Text children should already be flattened.');
-    return;
+    throw new Error('Text children should already be flattened.');
   }
 
   child.inject(parentInstance);
@@ -282,7 +280,9 @@ export function createInstance(type, props, internalInstanceHandle) {
       break;
   }
 
-  invariant(instance, 'ReactART does not support the type "%s"', type);
+  if (!instance) {
+    throw new Error(`ReactART does not support the type "${type}"`);
+  }
 
   instance._applyProps(instance, props);
 
@@ -367,18 +367,18 @@ export function appendChildToContainer(parentInstance, child) {
 }
 
 export function insertBefore(parentInstance, child, beforeChild) {
-  invariant(
-    child !== beforeChild,
-    'ReactART: Can not insert node before itself',
-  );
+  if (child === beforeChild) {
+    throw new Error('ReactART: Can not insert node before itself');
+  }
+
   child.injectBefore(beforeChild);
 }
 
 export function insertInContainerBefore(parentInstance, child, beforeChild) {
-  invariant(
-    child !== beforeChild,
-    'ReactART: Can not insert node before itself',
-  );
+  if (child === beforeChild) {
+    throw new Error('ReactART: Can not insert node before itself');
+  }
+
   child.injectBefore(beforeChild);
 }
 
@@ -433,25 +433,25 @@ export function clearContainer(container) {
 }
 
 export function getInstanceFromNode(node) {
-  throw new Error('Not yet implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 export function isOpaqueHydratingObject(value: mixed): boolean {
-  throw new Error('Not yet implemented');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 export function makeOpaqueHydratingObject(
   attemptToReadValue: () => void,
 ): OpaqueIDType {
-  throw new Error('Not yet implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 export function makeClientId(): OpaqueIDType {
-  throw new Error('Not yet implemented');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 export function makeClientIdInDEV(warnOnAccessInDEV: () => void): OpaqueIDType {
-  throw new Error('Not yet implemented');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 export function beforeActiveInstanceBlur(internalInstanceHandle: Object) {
diff --git a/packages/react-cache/src/ReactCacheOld.js b/packages/react-cache/src/ReactCacheOld.js
index 77768dfcf2163..f8b33434b7c76 100644
--- a/packages/react-cache/src/ReactCacheOld.js
+++ b/packages/react-cache/src/ReactCacheOld.js
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ const ReactCurrentDispatcher =
 function readContext(Context) {
   const dispatcher = ReactCurrentDispatcher.current;
   if (dispatcher === null) {
+    // This wasn't being minified but we're going to retire this package anyway.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
     throw new Error(
       'react-cache: read and preload may only be called from within a ' +
         "component's render. They are not supported in event handlers or " +
diff --git a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClient.js b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClient.js
index 983e3edc93802..9d5ac3680a8a0 100644
--- a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClient.js
+++ b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClient.js
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ export function resolveError(
   message: string,
   stack: string,
 ): void {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   const error = new Error(message);
   error.stack = stack;
   const chunks = response._chunks;
diff --git a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfig.js b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfig.js
index 49c9752540528..2829adc569256 100644
--- a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfig.js
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-/* eslint-disable react-internal/invariant-args */
-
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 // We expect that our Rollup, Jest, and Flow configurations
 // always shim this module with the corresponding host config
@@ -19,4 +17,4 @@ import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // sure that if we *do* accidentally break the configuration,
 // the failure isn't silent.
 
-invariant(false, 'This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
+throw new Error('This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
diff --git a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfigNoStream.js b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfigNoStream.js
index 17f29a9f26c50..8c453832bd3b2 100644
--- a/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfigNoStream.js
+++ b/packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClientHostConfigNoStream.js
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export type StringDecoder = void;
 export const supportsBinaryStreams = false;
 
 export function createStringDecoder(): void {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   throw new Error('Should never be called');
 }
 
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ export function readPartialStringChunk(
   decoder: StringDecoder,
   buffer: Uint8Array,
 ): string {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   throw new Error('Should never be called');
 }
 
@@ -26,5 +28,6 @@ export function readFinalStringChunk(
   decoder: StringDecoder,
   buffer: Uint8Array,
 ): string {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   throw new Error('Should never be called');
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js b/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
index aa4d2d60fdf63..957838ed58a9c 100644
--- a/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
+++ b/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import type {OpaqueIDType} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import {NoMode} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactTypeOfMode';
 
 import ErrorStackParser from 'error-stack-parser';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
 import {REACT_OPAQUE_ID_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import {
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ function nextHook(): null | Hook {
 }
 
 function getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
-  invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 function readContext<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): T {
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOM.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOM.js
index a1bb39c929d43..8e37995cb7364 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOM.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOM.js
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ import {
 import {createPortal as createPortalImpl} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactPortal';
 import {canUseDOM} from 'shared/ExecutionEnvironment';
 import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   warnUnstableRenderSubtreeIntoContainer,
   enableNewReconciler,
@@ -108,10 +107,10 @@ function createPortal(
   container: Container,
   key: ?string = null,
 ): React$Portal {
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainer(container),
-    'Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainer(container)) {
+    throw new Error('Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
   // TODO: pass ReactDOM portal implementation as third argument
   // $FlowFixMe The Flow type is opaque but there's no way to actually create it.
   return createPortalImpl(children, container, null, key);
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMComponentTree.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMComponentTree.js
index 2afe66035f364..58e5d72acd581 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMComponentTree.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMComponentTree.js
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import {
 
 import {getParentSuspenseInstance} from './ReactDOMHostConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {enableScopeAPI} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 
 const randomKey = Math.random()
@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ export function getNodeFromInstance(inst: Fiber): Instance | TextInstance {
 
   // Without this first invariant, passing a non-DOM-component triggers the next
   // invariant for a missing parent, which is super confusing.
-  invariant(false, 'getNodeFromInstance: Invalid argument.');
+  throw new Error('getNodeFromInstance: Invalid argument.');
 }
 
 export function getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode(
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMEventHandle.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMEventHandle.js
index 80834c32834d2..0fd0cd1599780 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMEventHandle.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMEventHandle.js
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import {
   enableScopeAPI,
   enableCreateEventHandleAPI,
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 type EventHandleOptions = {|
   capture?: boolean,
@@ -73,8 +72,7 @@ function registerReactDOMEvent(
       eventTarget,
     );
   } else {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setter called on an invalid ' +
         'target. Provide a valid EventTarget or an element managed by React.',
     );
@@ -97,11 +95,11 @@ export function createEventHandle(
     // Unfortunately, the downside of this invariant is that *removing* a native
     // event from the list of known events has now become a breaking change for
     // any code relying on the createEventHandle API.
-    invariant(
-      allNativeEvents.has(domEventName),
-      'Cannot call unstable_createEventHandle with "%s", as it is not an event known to React.',
-      domEventName,
-    );
+    if (!allNativeEvents.has(domEventName)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Cannot call unstable_createEventHandle with "${domEventName}", as it is not an event known to React.`,
+      );
+    }
 
     let isCapturePhaseListener = false;
     if (options != null) {
@@ -115,11 +113,13 @@ export function createEventHandle(
       target: EventTarget | ReactScopeInstance,
       callback: (SyntheticEvent<EventTarget>) => void,
     ) => {
-      invariant(
-        typeof callback === 'function',
-        'ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setter called with an invalid ' +
-          'callback. The callback must be a function.',
-      );
+      if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+        throw new Error(
+          'ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setter called with an invalid ' +
+            'callback. The callback must be a function.',
+        );
+      }
+
       if (!doesTargetHaveEventHandle(target, eventHandle)) {
         addEventHandleToTarget(target, eventHandle);
         registerReactDOMEvent(target, domEventName, isCapturePhaseListener);
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMInput.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMInput.js
index 4fabc1fb9ada9..8f5098405b576 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMInput.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMInput.js
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 // TODO: direct imports like some-package/src/* are bad. Fix me.
 import {getCurrentFiberOwnerNameInDevOrNull} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactCurrentFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {setValueForProperty} from './DOMPropertyOperations';
 import {getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode} from './ReactDOMComponentTree';
@@ -383,11 +382,13 @@ function updateNamedCousins(rootNode, props) {
       // That's probably okay; we don't support it just as we don't support
       // mixing React radio buttons with non-React ones.
       const otherProps = getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode(otherNode);
-      invariant(
-        otherProps,
-        'ReactDOMInput: Mixing React and non-React radio inputs with the ' +
-          'same `name` is not supported.',
-      );
+
+      if (!otherProps) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'ReactDOMInput: Mixing React and non-React radio inputs with the ' +
+            'same `name` is not supported.',
+        );
+      }
 
       // We need update the tracked value on the named cousin since the value
       // was changed but the input saw no event or value set
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMLegacy.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMLegacy.js
index 70dcddc502763..ac12f18bee509 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMLegacy.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMLegacy.js
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import {
 } from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler';
 import {LegacyRoot} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactRootTags';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
 import {has as hasInstance} from 'shared/ReactInstanceMap';
 
@@ -238,10 +237,10 @@ export function hydrate(
     );
   }
 
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainerLegacy(container),
-    'Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainerLegacy(container)) {
+    throw new Error('Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     const isModernRoot =
       isContainerMarkedAsRoot(container) &&
@@ -278,10 +277,10 @@ export function render(
     );
   }
 
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainerLegacy(container),
-    'Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainerLegacy(container)) {
+    throw new Error('Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     const isModernRoot =
       isContainerMarkedAsRoot(container) &&
@@ -309,14 +308,14 @@ export function unstable_renderSubtreeIntoContainer(
   containerNode: Container,
   callback: ?Function,
 ) {
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainerLegacy(containerNode),
-    'Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
-  invariant(
-    parentComponent != null && hasInstance(parentComponent),
-    'parentComponent must be a valid React Component',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainerLegacy(containerNode)) {
+    throw new Error('Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
+  if (parentComponent == null || !hasInstance(parentComponent)) {
+    throw new Error('parentComponent must be a valid React Component');
+  }
+
   return legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer(
     parentComponent,
     element,
@@ -327,10 +326,11 @@ export function unstable_renderSubtreeIntoContainer(
 }
 
 export function unmountComponentAtNode(container: Container) {
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainerLegacy(container),
-    'unmountComponentAtNode(...): Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainerLegacy(container)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'unmountComponentAtNode(...): Target container is not a DOM element.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (__DEV__) {
     const isModernRoot =
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMRoot.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMRoot.js
index 1a027d9a1e6a9..38f2100cb5418 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMRoot.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMRoot.js
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ import {
   flushSync,
   isAlreadyRendering,
 } from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {ConcurrentRoot} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactRootTags';
 import {allowConcurrentByDefault} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ function ReactDOMRoot(internalRoot: FiberRoot) {
 ReactDOMRoot.prototype.render = function(children: ReactNodeList): void {
   const root = this._internalRoot;
   if (root === null) {
-    invariant(false, 'Cannot update an unmounted root.');
+    throw new Error('Cannot update an unmounted root.');
   }
 
   if (__DEV__) {
@@ -138,10 +137,10 @@ export function createRoot(
   container: Container,
   options?: CreateRootOptions,
 ): RootType {
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainerLegacy(container),
-    'createRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainerLegacy(container)) {
+    throw new Error('createRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
   warnIfReactDOMContainerInDEV(container);
 
   // TODO: Delete these options
@@ -195,10 +194,10 @@ export function hydrateRoot(
   initialChildren: ReactNodeList,
   options?: HydrateRootOptions,
 ): RootType {
-  invariant(
-    isValidContainer(container),
-    'hydrateRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidContainer(container)) {
+    throw new Error('hydrateRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.');
+  }
+
   warnIfReactDOMContainerInDEV(container);
 
   // For now we reuse the whole bag of options since they contain
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMTextarea.js b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMTextarea.js
index 6e8aed5cc43cd..6834b16e4e97c 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMTextarea.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/client/ReactDOMTextarea.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 import {checkControlledValueProps} from '../shared/ReactControlledValuePropTypes';
@@ -40,10 +39,12 @@ type TextAreaWithWrapperState = HTMLTextAreaElement & {|
 
 export function getHostProps(element: Element, props: Object) {
   const node = ((element: any): TextAreaWithWrapperState);
-  invariant(
-    props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML == null,
-    '`dangerouslySetInnerHTML` does not make sense on <textarea>.',
-  );
+
+  if (props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML != null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      '`dangerouslySetInnerHTML` does not make sense on <textarea>.',
+    );
+  }
 
   // Always set children to the same thing. In IE9, the selection range will
   // get reset if `textContent` is mutated.  We could add a check in setTextContent
@@ -96,15 +97,17 @@ export function initWrapperState(element: Element, props: Object) {
         );
       }
       if (!disableTextareaChildren) {
-        invariant(
-          defaultValue == null,
-          'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
-        );
-        if (isArray(children)) {
-          invariant(
-            children.length <= 1,
-            '<textarea> can only have at most one child.',
+        if (defaultValue != null) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
           );
+        }
+
+        if (isArray(children)) {
+          if (children.length > 1) {
+            throw new Error('<textarea> can only have at most one child.');
+          }
+
           children = children[0];
         }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/events/ReactDOMControlledComponent.js b/packages/react-dom/src/events/ReactDOMControlledComponent.js
index 5b4dc59232902..59f9f5262798a 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/events/ReactDOMControlledComponent.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/events/ReactDOMControlledComponent.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   getInstanceFromNode,
   getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode,
@@ -27,11 +26,14 @@ function restoreStateOfTarget(target: Node) {
     // Unmounted
     return;
   }
-  invariant(
-    typeof restoreImpl === 'function',
-    'setRestoreImplementation() needs to be called to handle a target for controlled ' +
-      'events. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (typeof restoreImpl !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      'setRestoreImplementation() needs to be called to handle a target for controlled ' +
+        'events. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const stateNode = internalInstance.stateNode;
   // Guard against Fiber being unmounted.
   if (stateNode) {
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/events/getListener.js b/packages/react-dom/src/events/getListener.js
index 71e498bbf6e7d..0b92c3898ff3e 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/events/getListener.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/events/getListener.js
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import type {Fiber} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {Props} from '../client/ReactDOMHostConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode} from '../client/ReactDOMComponentTree';
 
 function isInteractive(tag: string): boolean {
@@ -67,11 +66,12 @@ export default function getListener(
   if (shouldPreventMouseEvent(registrationName, inst.type, props)) {
     return null;
   }
-  invariant(
-    !listener || typeof listener === 'function',
-    'Expected `%s` listener to be a function, instead got a value of `%s` type.',
-    registrationName,
-    typeof listener,
-  );
+
+  if (listener && typeof listener !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Expected \`${registrationName}\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \`${typeof listener}\` type.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   return listener;
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerBrowser.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerBrowser.js
index 8982d4d9341bd..338c77de436d7 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerBrowser.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerBrowser.js
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  */
 
 import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import type {ReactNodeList} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 
@@ -77,13 +76,16 @@ function renderToStringImpl(
   if (didFatal) {
     throw fatalError;
   }
-  invariant(
-    readyToStream,
-    'A React component suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
-      '\n' +
-      'Add a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to ' +
-      'provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.',
-  );
+
+  if (!readyToStream) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'A React component suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
+        '\n' +
+        'Add a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to ' +
+        'provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -102,16 +104,14 @@ function renderToStaticMarkup(
 }
 
 function renderToNodeStream() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'ReactDOMServer.renderToNodeStream(): The streaming API is not available ' +
       'in the browser. Use ReactDOMServer.renderToString() instead.',
   );
 }
 
 function renderToStaticNodeStream() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticNodeStream(): The streaming API is not available ' +
       'in the browser. Use ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup() instead.',
   );
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerFormatConfig.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerFormatConfig.js
index 954cc1ef689f5..0c4b155bb881d 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerFormatConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerFormatConfig.js
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ import warnValidStyle from '../shared/warnValidStyle';
 
 import escapeTextForBrowser from './escapeTextForBrowser';
 import hyphenateStyleName from '../shared/hyphenateStyleName';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import hasOwnProperty from 'shared/hasOwnProperty';
 import sanitizeURL from '../shared/sanitizeURL';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
@@ -192,10 +191,12 @@ export type OpaqueIDType = string;
 export function makeServerID(
   responseState: null | ResponseState,
 ): OpaqueIDType {
-  invariant(
-    responseState !== null,
-    'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component.',
-  );
+  if (responseState === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component.',
+    );
+  }
+
   // TODO: This is not deterministic since it's created during render.
   return (
     responseState.opaqueIdentifierPrefix +
@@ -244,12 +245,13 @@ function pushStyle(
   responseState: ResponseState,
   style: Object,
 ): void {
-  invariant(
-    typeof style === 'object',
-    'The `style` prop expects a mapping from style properties to values, ' +
-      "not a string. For example, style={{marginRight: spacing + 'em'}} when " +
-      'using JSX.',
-  );
+  if (typeof style !== 'object') {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The `style` prop expects a mapping from style properties to values, ' +
+        "not a string. For example, style={{marginRight: spacing + 'em'}} when " +
+        'using JSX.',
+    );
+  }
 
   let isFirst = true;
   for (const styleName in style) {
@@ -498,17 +500,20 @@ function pushInnerHTML(
   children,
 ) {
   if (innerHTML != null) {
-    invariant(
-      children == null,
-      'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-    );
+    if (children != null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof innerHTML !== 'object' || !('__html' in innerHTML)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
+          'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
+          'for more information.',
+      );
+    }
 
-    invariant(
-      typeof innerHTML === 'object' && '__html' in innerHTML,
-      '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
-        'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
-        'for more information.',
-    );
     const html = innerHTML.__html;
     if (html !== null && html !== undefined) {
       if (__DEV__) {
@@ -799,11 +804,9 @@ function pushInput(
       switch (propKey) {
         case 'children':
         case 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML':
-          invariant(
-            false,
-            '%s is a self-closing tag and must neither have `children` nor ' +
+          throw new Error(
+            `${'input'} is a self-closing tag and must neither have \`children\` nor ` +
               'use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-            'input',
           );
         // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
         case 'defaultChecked':
@@ -885,8 +888,7 @@ function pushStartTextArea(
           defaultValue = propValue;
           break;
         case 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML':
-          invariant(
-            false,
+          throw new Error(
             '`dangerouslySetInnerHTML` does not make sense on <textarea>.',
           );
         // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
@@ -910,15 +912,18 @@ function pushStartTextArea(
           'children on <textarea>.',
       );
     }
-    invariant(
-      value == null,
-      'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
-    );
-    if (isArray(children)) {
-      invariant(
-        children.length <= 1,
-        '<textarea> can only have at most one child.',
+
+    if (value != null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
       );
+    }
+
+    if (isArray(children)) {
+      if (children.length > 1) {
+        throw new Error('<textarea> can only have at most one child.');
+      }
+
       // TODO: remove the coercion and the DEV check below because it will
       // always be overwritten by the coercion several lines below it. #22309
       if (__DEV__) {
@@ -966,11 +971,9 @@ function pushSelfClosing(
       switch (propKey) {
         case 'children':
         case 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML':
-          invariant(
-            false,
-            '%s is a self-closing tag and must neither have `children` nor ' +
+          throw new Error(
+            `${tag} is a self-closing tag and must neither have \`children\` nor ` +
               'use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-            tag,
           );
         // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
         default:
@@ -1000,8 +1003,7 @@ function pushStartMenuItem(
       switch (propKey) {
         case 'children':
         case 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML':
-          invariant(
-            false,
+          throw new Error(
             'menuitems cannot have `children` nor `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
           );
         // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
@@ -1158,17 +1160,20 @@ function pushStartPreformattedElement(
   // TODO: This doesn't deal with the case where the child is an array
   // or component that returns a string.
   if (innerHTML != null) {
-    invariant(
-      children == null,
-      'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-    );
+    if (children != null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof innerHTML !== 'object' || !('__html' in innerHTML)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
+          'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
+          'for more information.',
+      );
+    }
 
-    invariant(
-      typeof innerHTML === 'object' && '__html' in innerHTML,
-      '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
-        'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
-        'for more information.',
-    );
     const html = innerHTML.__html;
     if (html !== null && html !== undefined) {
       if (typeof html === 'string' && html.length > 0 && html[0] === '\n') {
@@ -1195,7 +1200,10 @@ const validatedTagCache = new Map();
 function startChunkForTag(tag: string): PrecomputedChunk {
   let tagStartChunk = validatedTagCache.get(tag);
   if (tagStartChunk === undefined) {
-    invariant(VALID_TAG_REGEX.test(tag), 'Invalid tag: %s', tag);
+    if (!VALID_TAG_REGEX.test(tag)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid tag: ${tag}`);
+    }
+
     tagStartChunk = stringToPrecomputedChunk('<' + tag);
     validatedTagCache.set(tag, tagStartChunk);
   }
@@ -1405,10 +1413,13 @@ export function writeStartPendingSuspenseBoundary(
   id: SuspenseBoundaryID,
 ): boolean {
   writeChunk(destination, startPendingSuspenseBoundary1);
-  invariant(
-    id !== null,
-    'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
-  );
+
+  if (id === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
+    );
+  }
+
   writeChunk(destination, id);
   return writeChunk(destination, startPendingSuspenseBoundary2);
 }
@@ -1528,7 +1539,7 @@ export function writeStartSegment(
       return writeChunk(destination, startSegmentColGroup2);
     }
     default: {
-      invariant(false, 'Unknown insertion mode. This is a bug in React.');
+      throw new Error('Unknown insertion mode. This is a bug in React.');
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1560,7 +1571,7 @@ export function writeEndSegment(
       return writeChunk(destination, endSegmentColGroup);
     }
     default: {
-      invariant(false, 'Unknown insertion mode. This is a bug in React.');
+      throw new Error('Unknown insertion mode. This is a bug in React.');
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1729,10 +1740,13 @@ export function writeCompletedBoundaryInstruction(
     // Future calls can just reuse the same function.
     writeChunk(destination, completeBoundaryScript1Partial);
   }
-  invariant(
-    boundaryID !== null,
-    'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
-  );
+
+  if (boundaryID === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const formattedContentID = stringToChunk(contentSegmentID.toString(16));
   writeChunk(destination, boundaryID);
   writeChunk(destination, completeBoundaryScript2);
@@ -1760,10 +1774,13 @@ export function writeClientRenderBoundaryInstruction(
     // Future calls can just reuse the same function.
     writeChunk(destination, clientRenderScript1Partial);
   }
-  invariant(
-    boundaryID !== null,
-    'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
-  );
+
+  if (boundaryID === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'An ID must have been assigned before we can complete the boundary.',
+    );
+  }
+
   writeChunk(destination, boundaryID);
   return writeChunk(destination, clientRenderScript2);
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerLegacyPartialRendererBrowser.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerLegacyPartialRendererBrowser.js
index 4424040496b99..f810d7472b013 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerLegacyPartialRendererBrowser.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMServerLegacyPartialRendererBrowser.js
@@ -6,21 +6,18 @@
  */
 
 import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {renderToString, renderToStaticMarkup} from './ReactDOMStringRenderer';
 
 function renderToNodeStream() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'ReactDOMServer.renderToNodeStream(): The streaming API is not available ' +
       'in the browser. Use ReactDOMServer.renderToString() instead.',
   );
 }
 
 function renderToStaticNodeStream() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticNodeStream(): The streaming API is not available ' +
       'in the browser. Use ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup() instead.',
   );
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRenderer.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRenderer.js
index 56231cf5a0187..479a828a46e1f 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRenderer.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRenderer.js
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import type {LazyComponent} from 'react/src/ReactLazy';
 import type {ReactProvider, ReactContext} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 
 import * as React from 'react';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
 import {describeUnknownElementTypeFrameInDEV} from 'shared/ReactComponentStackFrame';
@@ -213,7 +212,10 @@ const VALID_TAG_REGEX = /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z:_\.\-\d]*$/; // Simplified subset
 const validatedTagCache = {};
 function validateDangerousTag(tag) {
   if (!validatedTagCache.hasOwnProperty(tag)) {
-    invariant(VALID_TAG_REGEX.test(tag), 'Invalid tag: %s', tag);
+    if (!VALID_TAG_REGEX.test(tag)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid tag: ${tag}`);
+    }
+
     validatedTagCache[tag] = true;
   }
 }
@@ -729,12 +731,12 @@ function resolve(
         if (typeof childContextTypes === 'object') {
           childContext = inst.getChildContext();
           for (const contextKey in childContext) {
-            invariant(
-              contextKey in childContextTypes,
-              '%s.getChildContext(): key "%s" is not defined in childContextTypes.',
-              getComponentNameFromType(Component) || 'Unknown',
-              contextKey,
-            );
+            if (!(contextKey in childContextTypes)) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `${getComponentNameFromType(Component) ||
+                  'Unknown'}.getChildContext(): key "${contextKey}" is not defined in childContextTypes.`,
+              );
+            }
           }
         } else {
           if (__DEV__) {
@@ -944,11 +946,14 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
               suspended = false;
               // If rendering was suspended at this boundary, render the fallbackFrame
               const fallbackFrame = frame.fallbackFrame;
-              invariant(
-                fallbackFrame,
-                'ReactDOMServer did not find an internal fallback frame for Suspense. ' +
-                  'This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-              );
+
+              if (!fallbackFrame) {
+                throw new Error(
+                  'ReactDOMServer did not find an internal fallback frame for Suspense. ' +
+                    'This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+                );
+              }
+
               this.stack.push(fallbackFrame);
               out[this.suspenseDepth] += '<!--$!-->';
               // Skip flushing output since we're switching to the fallback
@@ -975,17 +980,19 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
         } catch (err) {
           if (err != null && typeof err.then === 'function') {
             if (enableSuspenseServerRenderer) {
-              invariant(
-                this.suspenseDepth > 0,
-                // TODO: include component name. This is a bit tricky with current factoring.
-                'A React component suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
-                  '\n' +
-                  'Add a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to ' +
-                  'provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.',
-              );
+              if (this.suspenseDepth <= 0) {
+                throw new Error(
+                  // TODO: include component name. This is a bit tricky with current factoring.
+                  'A React component suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
+                    '\n' +
+                    'Add a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to ' +
+                    'provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.',
+                );
+              }
+
               suspended = true;
             } else {
-              invariant(false, 'ReactDOMServer does not yet support Suspense.');
+              throw new Error('ReactDOMServer does not yet support Suspense.');
             }
           } else {
             throw err;
@@ -1035,17 +1042,18 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
         if (nextChild != null && nextChild.$$typeof != null) {
           // Catch unexpected special types early.
           const $$typeof = nextChild.$$typeof;
-          invariant(
-            $$typeof !== REACT_PORTAL_TYPE,
-            'Portals are not currently supported by the server renderer. ' +
-              'Render them conditionally so that they only appear on the client render.',
-          );
+
+          if ($$typeof === REACT_PORTAL_TYPE) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'Portals are not currently supported by the server renderer. ' +
+                'Render them conditionally so that they only appear on the client render.',
+            );
+          }
+
           // Catch-all to prevent an infinite loop if React.Children.toArray() supports some new type.
-          invariant(
-            false,
-            'Unknown element-like object type: %s. This is likely a bug in React. ' +
+          throw new Error(
+            `Unknown element-like object type: ${($$typeof: any).toString()}. This is likely a bug in React. ` +
               'Please file an issue.',
-            ($$typeof: any).toString(),
           );
         }
         const nextChildren = toArray(nextChild);
@@ -1134,7 +1142,7 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
             this.suspenseDepth++;
             return '<!--$-->';
           } else {
-            invariant(false, 'ReactDOMServer does not yet support Suspense.');
+            throw new Error('ReactDOMServer does not yet support Suspense.');
           }
         }
         // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
@@ -1157,8 +1165,7 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
             this.stack.push(frame);
             return '';
           }
-          invariant(
-            false,
+          throw new Error(
             'ReactDOMServer does not yet support scope components.',
           );
         }
@@ -1338,13 +1345,13 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
           info += '\n\nCheck the render method of `' + ownerName + '`.';
         }
       }
-      invariant(
-        false,
+
+      throw new Error(
         'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in ' +
           'components) or a class/function (for composite components) ' +
-          'but got: %s.%s',
-        elementType == null ? elementType : typeof elementType,
-        info,
+          `but got: ${
+            elementType == null ? elementType : typeof elementType
+          }.${info}`,
       );
     }
   }
@@ -1464,15 +1471,18 @@ class ReactDOMServerRenderer {
                 'children on <textarea>.',
             );
           }
-          invariant(
-            defaultValue == null,
-            'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
-          );
-          if (isArray(textareaChildren)) {
-            invariant(
-              textareaChildren.length <= 1,
-              '<textarea> can only have at most one child.',
+
+          if (defaultValue != null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'If you supply `defaultValue` on a <textarea>, do not pass children.',
             );
+          }
+
+          if (isArray(textareaChildren)) {
+            if (textareaChildren.length > 1) {
+              throw new Error('<textarea> can only have at most one child.');
+            }
+
             textareaChildren = textareaChildren[0];
           }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRendererHooks.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRendererHooks.js
index edc5df3dce4bd..6e2b715382a0a 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRendererHooks.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactPartialRendererHooks.js
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import type PartialRenderer from './ReactPartialRenderer';
 
 import {validateContextBounds} from './ReactPartialRendererContext';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {enableCache} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 
@@ -63,15 +62,17 @@ let isInHookUserCodeInDev = false;
 let currentHookNameInDev: ?string;
 
 function resolveCurrentlyRenderingComponent(): Object {
-  invariant(
-    currentlyRenderingComponent !== null,
-    'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
-      ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
-      '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
-      '2. You might be breaking the Rules of Hooks\n' +
-      '3. You might have more than one copy of React in the same app\n' +
-      'See https://reactjs.org/link/invalid-hook-call for tips about how to debug and fix this problem.',
-  );
+  if (currentlyRenderingComponent === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
+        ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
+        '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
+        '2. You might be breaking the Rules of Hooks\n' +
+        '3. You might have more than one copy of React in the same app\n' +
+        'See https://reactjs.org/link/invalid-hook-call for tips about how to debug and fix this problem.',
+    );
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (isInHookUserCodeInDev) {
       console.error(
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ function areHookInputsEqual(
 
 function createHook(): Hook {
   if (numberOfReRenders > 0) {
-    invariant(false, 'Rendered more hooks than during the previous render');
+    throw new Error('Rendered more hooks than during the previous render');
   }
   return {
     memoizedState: null,
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ export function resetHooksState(): void {
 }
 
 function getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
-  invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 function readContext<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): T {
@@ -423,11 +424,12 @@ function dispatchAction<A>(
   queue: UpdateQueue<A>,
   action: A,
 ) {
-  invariant(
-    numberOfReRenders < RE_RENDER_LIMIT,
-    'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
-      'an infinite loop.',
-  );
+  if (numberOfReRenders >= RE_RENDER_LIMIT) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
+        'an infinite loop.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (componentIdentity === currentlyRenderingComponent) {
     // This is a render phase update. Stash it in a lazily-created map of
@@ -484,8 +486,7 @@ function useSyncExternalStore<T>(
   getServerSnapshot?: () => T,
 ): T {
   if (getServerSnapshot === undefined) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for ' +
         'server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.',
     );
@@ -515,7 +516,7 @@ function useOpaqueIdentifier(): OpaqueIDType {
 }
 
 function useCacheRefresh(): <T>(?() => T, ?T) => void {
-  invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 function noop(): void {}
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactThreadIDAllocator.js b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactThreadIDAllocator.js
index 5f4ab5b600006..fabf9fef98843 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactThreadIDAllocator.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/server/ReactThreadIDAllocator.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 // indices can be used to reference a tightly packed array. As opposed to being used in a Map.
 // The first allocated index is 1.
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 export type ThreadID = number;
 
 let nextAvailableThreadIDs = new Uint16Array(16);
@@ -25,13 +23,16 @@ function growThreadCountAndReturnNextAvailable() {
   const oldArray = nextAvailableThreadIDs;
   const oldSize = oldArray.length;
   const newSize = oldSize * 2;
-  invariant(
-    newSize <= 0x10000,
-    'Maximum number of concurrent React renderers exceeded. ' +
-      'This can happen if you are not properly destroying the Readable provided by React. ' +
-      'Ensure that you call .destroy() on it if you no longer want to read from it, ' +
-      'and did not read to the end. If you use .pipe() this should be automatic.',
-  );
+
+  if (newSize > 0x10000) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Maximum number of concurrent React renderers exceeded. ' +
+        'This can happen if you are not properly destroying the Readable provided by React. ' +
+        'Ensure that you call .destroy() on it if you no longer want to read from it, ' +
+        'and did not read to the end. If you use .pipe() this should be automatic.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const newArray = new Uint16Array(newSize);
   newArray.set(oldArray);
   nextAvailableThreadIDs = newArray;
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/shared/assertValidProps.js b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/assertValidProps.js
index 26ed1cd958175..762ebfd91ef08 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/shared/assertValidProps.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/assertValidProps.js
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import voidElementTags from './voidElementTags';
 
 const HTML = '__html';
@@ -17,25 +15,30 @@ function assertValidProps(tag: string, props: ?Object) {
   }
   // Note the use of `==` which checks for null or undefined.
   if (voidElementTags[tag]) {
-    invariant(
-      props.children == null && props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML == null,
-      '%s is a void element tag and must neither have `children` nor ' +
-        'use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-      tag,
-    );
+    if (props.children != null || props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML != null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `${tag} is a void element tag and must neither have \`children\` nor ` +
+          'use `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
+      );
+    }
   }
   if (props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML != null) {
-    invariant(
-      props.children == null,
-      'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML === 'object' &&
-        HTML in props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML,
-      '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
-        'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
-        'for more information.',
-    );
+    if (props.children != null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Can only set one of `children` or `props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML`.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (
+      typeof props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML !== 'object' ||
+      !(HTML in props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(
+        '`props.dangerouslySetInnerHTML` must be in the form `{__html: ...}`. ' +
+          'Please visit https://reactjs.org/link/dangerously-set-inner-html ' +
+          'for more information.',
+      );
+    }
   }
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (
@@ -51,12 +54,14 @@ function assertValidProps(tag: string, props: ?Object) {
       );
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    props.style == null || typeof props.style === 'object',
-    'The `style` prop expects a mapping from style properties to values, ' +
-      "not a string. For example, style={{marginRight: spacing + 'em'}} when " +
-      'using JSX.',
-  );
+
+  if (props.style != null && typeof props.style !== 'object') {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The `style` prop expects a mapping from style properties to values, ' +
+        "not a string. For example, style={{marginRight: spacing + 'em'}} when " +
+        'using JSX.',
+    );
+  }
 }
 
 export default assertValidProps;
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/shared/sanitizeURL.js b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/sanitizeURL.js
index 81d54478a9d76..0f3b988332890 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/shared/sanitizeURL.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/shared/sanitizeURL.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {disableJavaScriptURLs} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 
 // A javascript: URL can contain leading C0 control or \u0020 SPACE,
@@ -26,10 +25,11 @@ let didWarn = false;
 
 function sanitizeURL(url: string) {
   if (disableJavaScriptURLs) {
-    invariant(
-      !isJavaScriptProtocol.test(url),
-      'React has blocked a javascript: URL as a security precaution.',
-    );
+    if (isJavaScriptProtocol.test(url)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'React has blocked a javascript: URL as a security precaution.',
+      );
+    }
   } else if (__DEV__) {
     if (!didWarn && isJavaScriptProtocol.test(url)) {
       didWarn = true;
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/test-utils/ReactTestUtils.js b/packages/react-dom/src/test-utils/ReactTestUtils.js
index da0d16ade6a09..1aadc90b250a8 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/test-utils/ReactTestUtils.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/test-utils/ReactTestUtils.js
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import {
   HostText,
 } from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactWorkTags';
 import {SyntheticEvent} from '../events/SyntheticEvent';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {ELEMENT_NODE} from '../shared/HTMLNodeType';
 import {
   rethrowCaughtError,
@@ -105,12 +104,10 @@ function validateClassInstance(inst, methodName) {
   } else {
     received = stringified;
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    '%s(...): the first argument must be a React class instance. ' +
-      'Instead received: %s.',
-    methodName,
-    received,
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `${methodName}(...): the first argument must be a React class instance. ` +
+      `Instead received: ${received}.`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -197,11 +194,13 @@ function scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass(root, classNames) {
       const classList = className.split(/\s+/);
 
       if (!isArray(classNames)) {
-        invariant(
-          classNames !== undefined,
-          'TestUtils.scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass expects a ' +
-            'className as a second argument.',
-        );
+        if (classNames === undefined) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'TestUtils.scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass expects a ' +
+              'className as a second argument.',
+          );
+        }
+
         classNames = classNames.split(/\s+/);
       }
       return classNames.every(function(name) {
@@ -478,12 +477,13 @@ function getListener(inst: Fiber, registrationName: string) {
   if (shouldPreventMouseEvent(registrationName, inst.type, props)) {
     return null;
   }
-  invariant(
-    !listener || typeof listener === 'function',
-    'Expected `%s` listener to be a function, instead got a value of `%s` type.',
-    registrationName,
-    typeof listener,
-  );
+
+  if (listener && typeof listener !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Expected \`${registrationName}\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \`${typeof listener}\` type.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   return listener;
 }
 
@@ -564,17 +564,20 @@ const directDispatchEventTypes = new Set([
  */
 function makeSimulator(eventType) {
   return function(domNode, eventData) {
-    invariant(
-      !React.isValidElement(domNode),
-      'TestUtils.Simulate expected a DOM node as the first argument but received ' +
-        'a React element. Pass the DOM node you wish to simulate the event on instead. ' +
-        'Note that TestUtils.Simulate will not work if you are using shallow rendering.',
-    );
-    invariant(
-      !isCompositeComponent(domNode),
-      'TestUtils.Simulate expected a DOM node as the first argument but received ' +
-        'a component instance. Pass the DOM node you wish to simulate the event on instead.',
-    );
+    if (React.isValidElement(domNode)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'TestUtils.Simulate expected a DOM node as the first argument but received ' +
+          'a React element. Pass the DOM node you wish to simulate the event on instead. ' +
+          'Note that TestUtils.Simulate will not work if you are using shallow rendering.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (isCompositeComponent(domNode)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'TestUtils.Simulate expected a DOM node as the first argument but received ' +
+          'a component instance. Pass the DOM node you wish to simulate the event on instead.',
+      );
+    }
 
     const reactName = 'on' + eventType[0].toUpperCase() + eventType.slice(1);
     const fakeNativeEvent = new Event();
diff --git a/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchBrowser.js b/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchBrowser.js
index fbf5b50b2f29e..41df29c8afcc2 100644
--- a/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchBrowser.js
+++ b/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchBrowser.js
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ function preloadRecord(url: string, options: mixed): Record {
       if (options.method || options.body || options.signal) {
         // TODO: wire up our own cancellation mechanism.
         // TODO: figure out what to do with POST.
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         throw Error('Unsupported option');
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchNode.js b/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchNode.js
index 727c43abec415..2b1ef5f200cb1 100644
--- a/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchNode.js
+++ b/packages/react-fetch/src/ReactFetchNode.js
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ function preloadRecord(url: string, options: mixed): Record<FetchResponse> {
       if (options.method || options.body || options.signal) {
         // TODO: wire up our own cancellation mechanism.
         // TODO: figure out what to do with POST.
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         throw Error('Unsupported option');
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactFabricComponentTree.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactFabricComponentTree.js
index 5d62539be6b84..47e60e7f6779d 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactFabricComponentTree.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactFabricComponentTree.js
@@ -5,18 +5,17 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 function getInstanceFromInstance(instanceHandle) {
   return instanceHandle;
 }
 
 function getTagFromInstance(inst) {
   const nativeInstance = inst.stateNode.canonical;
-  invariant(
-    nativeInstance._nativeTag,
-    'All native instances should have a tag.',
-  );
+
+  if (!nativeInstance._nativeTag) {
+    throw new Error('All native instances should have a tag.');
+  }
+
   return nativeInstance;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeBridgeEventPlugin.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeBridgeEventPlugin.js
index f63d21199fc66..212b181c08294 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeBridgeEventPlugin.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeBridgeEventPlugin.js
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import type {AnyNativeEvent} from './legacy-events/PluginModuleType';
 import type {TopLevelType} from './legacy-events/TopLevelEventTypes';
 import SyntheticEvent from './legacy-events/SyntheticEvent';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 // Module provided by RN:
 import {ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry} from 'react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativePrivateInterface';
@@ -148,11 +147,14 @@ const ReactNativeBridgeEventPlugin = {
     }
     const bubbleDispatchConfig = customBubblingEventTypes[topLevelType];
     const directDispatchConfig = customDirectEventTypes[topLevelType];
-    invariant(
-      bubbleDispatchConfig || directDispatchConfig,
-      'Unsupported top level event type "%s" dispatched',
-      topLevelType,
-    );
+
+    if (!bubbleDispatchConfig && !directDispatchConfig) {
+      throw new Error(
+        // $FlowFixMe - Flow doesn't like this string coercion because DOMTopLevelEventType is opaque
+        `Unsupported top level event type "${topLevelType}" dispatched`,
+      );
+    }
+
     const event = SyntheticEvent.getPooled(
       bubbleDispatchConfig || directDispatchConfig,
       targetInst,
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeComponentTree.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeComponentTree.js
index 23748937e2ace..c0f21b875a82f 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeComponentTree.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeComponentTree.js
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 const instanceCache = new Map();
 const instanceProps = new Map();
 
@@ -30,7 +28,11 @@ function getTagFromInstance(inst) {
     nativeInstance = nativeInstance.canonical;
     tag = nativeInstance._nativeTag;
   }
-  invariant(tag, 'All native instances should have a tag.');
+
+  if (!tag) {
+    throw new Error('All native instances should have a tag.');
+  }
+
   return nativeInstance;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeFiberInspector.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeFiberInspector.js
index 9579384ef5e97..a0f543a9c4e43 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeFiberInspector.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeFiberInspector.js
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import {
 } from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberTreeReflection';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
 import {HostComponent} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactWorkTags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // Module provided by RN:
 import {UIManager} from 'react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativePrivateInterface';
 import {enableGetInspectorDataForInstanceInProduction} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
@@ -250,8 +249,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
   };
 } else {
   getInspectorDataForViewTag = () => {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'getInspectorDataForViewTag() is not available in production',
     );
   };
@@ -263,8 +261,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
     locationY: number,
     callback: (viewData: TouchedViewDataAtPoint) => mixed,
   ): void => {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'getInspectorDataForViewAtPoint() is not available in production.',
     );
   };
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeGetListener.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeGetListener.js
index 8a3476f9a6ad0..4f76fddd29e7b 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeGetListener.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeGetListener.js
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import type {Fiber} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode} from './legacy-events/EventPluginUtils';
 
 export default function getListener(
@@ -26,11 +25,12 @@ export default function getListener(
     return null;
   }
   const listener = props[registrationName];
-  invariant(
-    !listener || typeof listener === 'function',
-    'Expected `%s` listener to be a function, instead got a value of `%s` type.',
-    registrationName,
-    typeof listener,
-  );
+
+  if (listener && typeof listener !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Expected \`${registrationName}\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \`${typeof listener}\` type.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   return listener;
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeHostConfig.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeHostConfig.js
index 205f8189b7a7c..769f46e852a2f 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeHostConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/ReactNativeHostConfig.js
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 
 import type {TouchedViewDataAtPoint} from './ReactNativeTypes';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Modules provided by RN:
 import {
   ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry,
@@ -147,10 +145,9 @@ export function createTextInstance(
   hostContext: HostContext,
   internalInstanceHandle: Object,
 ): TextInstance {
-  invariant(
-    hostContext.isInAParentText,
-    'Text strings must be rendered within a <Text> component.',
-  );
+  if (!hostContext.isInAParentText) {
+    throw new Error('Text strings must be rendered within a <Text> component.');
+  }
 
   const tag = allocateTag();
 
@@ -411,10 +408,9 @@ export function insertInContainerBefore(
   // We create a wrapper object for the container in ReactNative render()
   // Or we refactor to remove wrapper objects entirely.
   // For more info on pros/cons see PR #8560 description.
-  invariant(
-    typeof parentInstance !== 'number',
-    'Container does not support insertBefore operation',
-  );
+  if (typeof parentInstance === 'number') {
+    throw new Error('Container does not support insertBefore operation');
+  }
 }
 
 export function removeChild(
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/InitializeNativeFabricUIManager.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/InitializeNativeFabricUIManager.js
index ee3c7df98508d..d4218ab247347 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/InitializeNativeFabricUIManager.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/InitializeNativeFabricUIManager.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 
 // Mock of the Native Hooks
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 const roots = new Map();
 const allocatedTags = new Set();
 
@@ -54,11 +52,10 @@ const RCTFabricUIManager = {
     props,
     eventTarget,
   ) {
-    invariant(
-      !allocatedTags.has(reactTag),
-      'Created two native views with tag %s',
-      reactTag,
-    );
+    if (allocatedTags.has(reactTag)) {
+      throw new Error(`Created two native views with tag ${reactTag}`);
+    }
+
     allocatedTags.add(reactTag);
     return {
       reactTag: reactTag,
@@ -127,27 +124,29 @@ const RCTFabricUIManager = {
   registerEventHandler: jest.fn(function registerEventHandler(callback) {}),
 
   measure: jest.fn(function measure(node, callback) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof node === 'object',
-      'Expected node to be an object, was passed "%s"',
-      typeof node,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof node.viewName === 'string',
-      'Expected node to be a host node.',
-    );
+    if (typeof node !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected node to be an object, was passed "${typeof node}"`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof node.viewName !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('Expected node to be a host node.');
+    }
+
     callback(10, 10, 100, 100, 0, 0);
   }),
   measureInWindow: jest.fn(function measureInWindow(node, callback) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof node === 'object',
-      'Expected node to be an object, was passed "%s"',
-      typeof node,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof node.viewName === 'string',
-      'Expected node to be a host node.',
-    );
+    if (typeof node !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected node to be an object, was passed "${typeof node}"`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof node.viewName !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('Expected node to be a host node.');
+    }
+
     callback(10, 10, 100, 100);
   }),
   measureLayout: jest.fn(function measureLayout(
@@ -156,24 +155,26 @@ const RCTFabricUIManager = {
     fail,
     success,
   ) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof node === 'object',
-      'Expected node to be an object, was passed "%s"',
-      typeof node,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof node.viewName === 'string',
-      'Expected node to be a host node.',
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof relativeNode === 'object',
-      'Expected relative node to be an object, was passed "%s"',
-      typeof relativeNode,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof relativeNode.viewName === 'string',
-      'Expected relative node to be a host node.',
-    );
+    if (typeof node !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected node to be an object, was passed "${typeof node}"`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof node.viewName !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('Expected node to be a host node.');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof relativeNode !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected relative node to be an object, was passed "${typeof relativeNode}"`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (typeof relativeNode.viewName !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('Expected relative node to be a host node.');
+    }
+
     success(1, 1, 100, 100);
   }),
   setIsJSResponder: jest.fn(),
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry.js
index 39813814dae1c..ce0975ea950a5 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativeViewConfigRegistry.js
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ import type {
   ViewConfigGetter,
 } from './ReactNativeTypes';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Event configs
 const customBubblingEventTypes = {};
 const customDirectEventTypes = {};
@@ -38,11 +36,11 @@ function processEventTypes(
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (bubblingEventTypes != null && directEventTypes != null) {
       for (const topLevelType in directEventTypes) {
-        invariant(
-          bubblingEventTypes[topLevelType] == null,
-          'Event cannot be both direct and bubbling: %s',
-          topLevelType,
-        );
+        if (bubblingEventTypes[topLevelType] != null) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Event cannot be both direct and bubbling: ${topLevelType}`,
+          );
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -73,17 +71,18 @@ function processEventTypes(
  * This is done to avoid causing Prepack deopts.
  */
 exports.register = function(name: string, callback: ViewConfigGetter): string {
-  invariant(
-    !viewConfigCallbacks.has(name),
-    'Tried to register two views with the same name %s',
-    name,
-  );
-  invariant(
-    typeof callback === 'function',
-    'View config getter callback for component `%s` must be a function (received `%s`)',
-    name,
-    callback === null ? 'null' : typeof callback,
-  );
+  if (viewConfigCallbacks.has(name)) {
+    throw new Error(`Tried to register two views with the same name ${name}`);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `View config getter callback for component \`${name}\` must be a function (received \`${
+        callback === null ? 'null' : typeof callback
+      }\`)`,
+    );
+  }
+
   viewConfigCallbacks.set(name, callback);
   return name;
 };
@@ -98,14 +97,14 @@ exports.get = function(name: string): ReactNativeBaseComponentViewConfig<> {
   if (!viewConfigs.has(name)) {
     const callback = viewConfigCallbacks.get(name);
     if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
-      invariant(
-        false,
-        'View config getter callback for component `%s` must be a function (received `%s`).%s',
-        name,
-        callback === null ? 'null' : typeof callback,
-        typeof name[0] === 'string' && /[a-z]/.test(name[0])
-          ? ' Make sure to start component names with a capital letter.'
-          : '',
+      throw new Error(
+        `View config getter callback for component \`${name}\` must be a function (received \`${
+          callback === null ? 'null' : typeof callback
+        }\`).${
+          typeof name[0] === 'string' && /[a-z]/.test(name[0])
+            ? ' Make sure to start component names with a capital letter.'
+            : ''
+        }`,
       );
     }
     viewConfig = callback();
@@ -118,6 +117,10 @@ exports.get = function(name: string): ReactNativeBaseComponentViewConfig<> {
   } else {
     viewConfig = viewConfigs.get(name);
   }
-  invariant(viewConfig, 'View config not found for name %s', name);
+
+  if (!viewConfig) {
+    throw new Error(`View config not found for name ${name}`);
+  }
+
   return viewConfig;
 };
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/UIManager.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/UIManager.js
index 245eecc4dc7ea..346c4aa45c5f5 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/UIManager.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/__mocks__/react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/UIManager.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 
 // Mock of the Native Hooks
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Map of viewTag -> {children: [childTag], parent: ?parentTag}
 const roots = [];
 const views = new Map();
@@ -33,18 +31,21 @@ function autoCreateRoot(tag) {
 function insertSubviewAtIndex(parent, child, index) {
   const parentInfo = views.get(parent);
   const childInfo = views.get(child);
-  invariant(
-    childInfo.parent === null,
-    'Inserting view %s %s which already has parent',
-    child,
-    JSON.stringify(childInfo.props),
-  );
-  invariant(
-    0 <= index && index <= parentInfo.children.length,
-    'Invalid index %s for children %s',
-    index,
-    parentInfo.children,
-  );
+
+  if (childInfo.parent !== null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Inserting view ${child} ${JSON.stringify(
+        childInfo.props,
+      )} which already has parent`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (0 > index || index > parentInfo.children.length) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Invalid index ${index} for children ${parentInfo.children}`,
+    );
+  }
+
   parentInfo.children.splice(index, 0, child);
   childInfo.parent = parent;
 }
@@ -53,7 +54,11 @@ function removeChild(parent, child) {
   const parentInfo = views.get(parent);
   const childInfo = views.get(child);
   const index = parentInfo.children.indexOf(child);
-  invariant(index >= 0, 'Missing view %s during removal', child);
+
+  if (index < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing view ${child} during removal`);
+  }
+
   parentInfo.children.splice(index, 1);
   childInfo.parent = null;
 }
@@ -75,11 +80,10 @@ const RCTUIManager = {
   },
   clearJSResponder: jest.fn(),
   createView: jest.fn(function createView(reactTag, viewName, rootTag, props) {
-    invariant(
-      !views.has(reactTag),
-      'Created two native views with tag %s',
-      reactTag,
-    );
+    if (views.has(reactTag)) {
+      throw new Error(`Created two native views with tag ${reactTag}`);
+    }
+
     views.set(reactTag, {
       children: [],
       parent: null,
@@ -92,12 +96,12 @@ const RCTUIManager = {
   setJSResponder: jest.fn(),
   setChildren: jest.fn(function setChildren(parentTag, reactTags) {
     autoCreateRoot(parentTag);
+
     // Native doesn't actually check this but it seems like a good idea
-    invariant(
-      views.get(parentTag).children.length === 0,
-      'Calling .setChildren on nonempty view %s',
-      parentTag,
-    );
+    if (views.get(parentTag).children.length !== 0) {
+      throw new Error(`Calling .setChildren on nonempty view ${parentTag}`);
+    }
+
     // This logic ported from iOS (RCTUIManager.m)
     reactTags.forEach((tag, i) => {
       insertSubviewAtIndex(parentTag, tag, i);
@@ -112,19 +116,20 @@ const RCTUIManager = {
     removeAtIndices = [],
   ) {
     autoCreateRoot(parentTag);
+
     // This logic ported from iOS (RCTUIManager.m)
-    invariant(
-      moveFromIndices.length === moveToIndices.length,
-      'Mismatched move indices %s and %s',
-      moveFromIndices,
-      moveToIndices,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      addChildReactTags.length === addAtIndices.length,
-      'Mismatched add indices %s and %s',
-      addChildReactTags,
-      addAtIndices,
-    );
+    if (moveFromIndices.length !== moveToIndices.length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Mismatched move indices ${moveFromIndices} and ${moveToIndices}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (addChildReactTags.length !== addAtIndices.length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Mismatched add indices ${addChildReactTags} and ${addAtIndices}`,
+      );
+    }
+
     const parentInfo = views.get(parentTag);
     const permanentlyRemovedChildren = removeAtIndices.map(
       index => parentInfo.children[index],
@@ -157,19 +162,17 @@ const RCTUIManager = {
   }),
   replaceExistingNonRootView: jest.fn(),
   measure: jest.fn(function measure(tag, callback) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof tag === 'number',
-      'Expected tag to be a number, was passed %s',
-      tag,
-    );
+    if (typeof tag !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error(`Expected tag to be a number, was passed ${tag}`);
+    }
+
     callback(10, 10, 100, 100, 0, 0);
   }),
   measureInWindow: jest.fn(function measureInWindow(tag, callback) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof tag === 'number',
-      'Expected tag to be a number, was passed %s',
-      tag,
-    );
+    if (typeof tag !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error(`Expected tag to be a number, was passed ${tag}`);
+    }
+
     callback(10, 10, 100, 100);
   }),
   measureLayout: jest.fn(function measureLayout(
@@ -178,16 +181,16 @@ const RCTUIManager = {
     fail,
     success,
   ) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof tag === 'number',
-      'Expected tag to be a number, was passed %s',
-      tag,
-    );
-    invariant(
-      typeof relativeTag === 'number',
-      'Expected relativeTag to be a number, was passed %s',
-      relativeTag,
-    );
+    if (typeof tag !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error(`Expected tag to be a number, was passed ${tag}`);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof relativeTag !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected relativeTag to be a number, was passed ${relativeTag}`,
+      );
+    }
+
     success(1, 1, 100, 100);
   }),
   __takeSnapshot: jest.fn(),
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventBatching.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventBatching.js
index bffc978ad6e21..22e20298c5a9f 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventBatching.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventBatching.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {rethrowCaughtError} from 'shared/ReactErrorUtils';
 
 import type {ReactSyntheticEvent} from './ReactSyntheticEventType';
@@ -56,11 +55,14 @@ export function runEventsInBatch(
   }
 
   forEachAccumulated(processingEventQueue, executeDispatchesAndReleaseTopLevel);
-  invariant(
-    !eventQueue,
-    'processEventQueue(): Additional events were enqueued while processing ' +
-      'an event queue. Support for this has not yet been implemented.',
-  );
+
+  if (eventQueue) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'processEventQueue(): Additional events were enqueued while processing ' +
+        'an event queue. Support for this has not yet been implemented.',
+    );
+  }
+
   // This would be a good time to rethrow if any of the event handlers threw.
   rethrowCaughtError();
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginRegistry.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginRegistry.js
index ee3d9c53a37e1..3737d2c073b61 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginRegistry.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginRegistry.js
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import type {
   LegacyPluginModule,
 } from './PluginModuleType';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 type NamesToPlugins = {
   [key: PluginName]: LegacyPluginModule<AnyNativeEvent>,
   ...,
@@ -45,34 +43,39 @@ function recomputePluginOrdering(): void {
   for (const pluginName in namesToPlugins) {
     const pluginModule = namesToPlugins[pluginName];
     const pluginIndex = eventPluginOrder.indexOf(pluginName);
-    invariant(
-      pluginIndex > -1,
-      'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject event plugins that do not exist in ' +
-        'the plugin ordering, `%s`.',
-      pluginName,
-    );
+
+    if (pluginIndex <= -1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject event plugins that do not exist in ' +
+          `the plugin ordering, \`${pluginName}\`.`,
+      );
+    }
+
     if (plugins[pluginIndex]) {
       continue;
     }
-    invariant(
-      pluginModule.extractEvents,
-      'EventPluginRegistry: Event plugins must implement an `extractEvents` ' +
-        'method, but `%s` does not.',
-      pluginName,
-    );
+
+    if (!pluginModule.extractEvents) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'EventPluginRegistry: Event plugins must implement an `extractEvents` ' +
+          `method, but \`${pluginName}\` does not.`,
+      );
+    }
+
     plugins[pluginIndex] = pluginModule;
     const publishedEvents = pluginModule.eventTypes;
     for (const eventName in publishedEvents) {
-      invariant(
-        publishEventForPlugin(
+      if (
+        !publishEventForPlugin(
           publishedEvents[eventName],
           pluginModule,
           eventName,
-        ),
-        'EventPluginRegistry: Failed to publish event `%s` for plugin `%s`.',
-        eventName,
-        pluginName,
-      );
+        )
+      ) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `EventPluginRegistry: Failed to publish event \`${eventName}\` for plugin \`${pluginName}\`.`,
+        );
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -90,12 +93,13 @@ function publishEventForPlugin(
   pluginModule: LegacyPluginModule<AnyNativeEvent>,
   eventName: string,
 ): boolean {
-  invariant(
-    !eventNameDispatchConfigs.hasOwnProperty(eventName),
-    'EventPluginRegistry: More than one plugin attempted to publish the same ' +
-      'event name, `%s`.',
-    eventName,
-  );
+  if (eventNameDispatchConfigs.hasOwnProperty(eventName)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'EventPluginRegistry: More than one plugin attempted to publish the same ' +
+        `event name, \`${eventName}\`.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   eventNameDispatchConfigs[eventName] = dispatchConfig;
 
   const phasedRegistrationNames = dispatchConfig.phasedRegistrationNames;
@@ -134,12 +138,13 @@ function publishRegistrationName(
   pluginModule: LegacyPluginModule<AnyNativeEvent>,
   eventName: string,
 ): void {
-  invariant(
-    !registrationNameModules[registrationName],
-    'EventPluginRegistry: More than one plugin attempted to publish the same ' +
-      'registration name, `%s`.',
-    registrationName,
-  );
+  if (registrationNameModules[registrationName]) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'EventPluginRegistry: More than one plugin attempted to publish the same ' +
+        `registration name, \`${registrationName}\`.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   registrationNameModules[registrationName] = pluginModule;
   registrationNameDependencies[registrationName] =
     pluginModule.eventTypes[eventName].dependencies;
@@ -198,11 +203,13 @@ export const possibleRegistrationNames = __DEV__ ? {} : (null: any);
 export function injectEventPluginOrder(
   injectedEventPluginOrder: EventPluginOrder,
 ): void {
-  invariant(
-    !eventPluginOrder,
-    'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject event plugin ordering more than ' +
-      'once. You are likely trying to load more than one copy of React.',
-  );
+  if (eventPluginOrder) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject event plugin ordering more than ' +
+        'once. You are likely trying to load more than one copy of React.',
+    );
+  }
+
   // Clone the ordering so it cannot be dynamically mutated.
   eventPluginOrder = Array.prototype.slice.call(injectedEventPluginOrder);
   recomputePluginOrdering();
@@ -230,12 +237,13 @@ export function injectEventPluginsByName(
       !namesToPlugins.hasOwnProperty(pluginName) ||
       namesToPlugins[pluginName] !== pluginModule
     ) {
-      invariant(
-        !namesToPlugins[pluginName],
-        'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject two different event plugins ' +
-          'using the same name, `%s`.',
-        pluginName,
-      );
+      if (namesToPlugins[pluginName]) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'EventPluginRegistry: Cannot inject two different event plugins ' +
+            `using the same name, \`${pluginName}\`.`,
+        );
+      }
+
       namesToPlugins[pluginName] = pluginModule;
       isOrderingDirty = true;
     }
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginUtils.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginUtils.js
index 381ebafc59bb3..382656992addf 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginUtils.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/EventPluginUtils.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
  */
 
 import {invokeGuardedCallbackAndCatchFirstError} from 'shared/ReactErrorUtils';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 export let getFiberCurrentPropsFromNode = null;
@@ -150,10 +149,11 @@ export function executeDirectDispatch(event) {
   }
   const dispatchListener = event._dispatchListeners;
   const dispatchInstance = event._dispatchInstances;
-  invariant(
-    !isArray(dispatchListener),
-    'executeDirectDispatch(...): Invalid `event`.',
-  );
+
+  if (isArray(dispatchListener)) {
+    throw new Error('executeDirectDispatch(...): Invalid `event`.');
+  }
+
   event.currentTarget = dispatchListener
     ? getNodeFromInstance(dispatchInstance)
     : null;
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderEventPlugin.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderEventPlugin.js
index 78bef3bbcee99..2b3cbb347882c 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderEventPlugin.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderEventPlugin.js
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import {
 import accumulateInto from './accumulateInto';
 import forEachAccumulated from './forEachAccumulated';
 import {HostComponent} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactWorkTags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 /**
  * Instance of element that should respond to touch/move types of interactions,
@@ -249,12 +248,13 @@ function getListener(inst, registrationName) {
     return null;
   }
   const listener = props[registrationName];
-  invariant(
-    !listener || typeof listener === 'function',
-    'Expected `%s` listener to be a function, instead got a value of `%s` type.',
-    registrationName,
-    typeof listener,
-  );
+
+  if (listener && typeof listener !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Expected \`${registrationName}\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \`${typeof listener}\` type.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   return listener;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderTouchHistoryStore.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderTouchHistoryStore.js
index 24d35b52a45d0..af63b1fb21e20 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderTouchHistoryStore.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/ResponderTouchHistoryStore.js
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import {isStartish, isMoveish, isEndish} from './ResponderTopLevelEventTypes';
 
 /**
@@ -94,7 +92,10 @@ function resetTouchRecord(touchRecord: TouchRecord, touch: Touch): void {
 }
 
 function getTouchIdentifier({identifier}: Touch): number {
-  invariant(identifier != null, 'Touch object is missing identifier.');
+  if (identifier == null) {
+    throw new Error('Touch object is missing identifier.');
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (identifier > MAX_TOUCH_BANK) {
       console.error(
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/SyntheticEvent.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/SyntheticEvent.js
index 329d89ec9f7d2..84d39bbd603d2 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/SyntheticEvent.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/SyntheticEvent.js
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 
 /* eslint valid-typeof: 0 */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 const EVENT_POOL_SIZE = 10;
 
 /**
@@ -325,10 +323,13 @@ function createOrGetPooledEvent(
 
 function releasePooledEvent(event) {
   const EventConstructor = this;
-  invariant(
-    event instanceof EventConstructor,
-    'Trying to release an event instance into a pool of a different type.',
-  );
+
+  if (!(event instanceof EventConstructor)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Trying to release an event instance into a pool of a different type.',
+    );
+  }
+
   event.destructor();
   if (EventConstructor.eventPool.length < EVENT_POOL_SIZE) {
     EventConstructor.eventPool.push(event);
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulate.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulate.js
index af4da853934b0..0e19adc919e57 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulate.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulate.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 /**
@@ -21,10 +20,11 @@ function accumulate<T>(
   current: ?(T | Array<T>),
   next: T | Array<T>,
 ): T | Array<T> {
-  invariant(
-    next != null,
-    'accumulate(...): Accumulated items must not be null or undefined.',
-  );
+  if (next == null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'accumulate(...): Accumulated items must not be null or undefined.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (current == null) {
     return next;
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulateInto.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulateInto.js
index d704733d9d455..974c0143a5504 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulateInto.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/legacy-events/accumulateInto.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 /**
@@ -27,10 +26,11 @@ function accumulateInto<T>(
   current: ?(Array<T> | T),
   next: T | Array<T>,
 ): T | Array<T> {
-  invariant(
-    next != null,
-    'accumulateInto(...): Accumulated items must not be null or undefined.',
-  );
+  if (next == null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'accumulateInto(...): Accumulated items must not be null or undefined.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (current == null) {
     return next;
diff --git a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/server/ReactNativeServerFormatConfig.js b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/server/ReactNativeServerFormatConfig.js
index c530649ac5072..214561a788604 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-renderer/src/server/ReactNativeServerFormatConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-renderer/src/server/ReactNativeServerFormatConfig.js
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ import {
   stringToPrecomputedChunk,
 } from 'react-server/src/ReactServerStreamConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 export const isPrimaryRenderer = true;
 
 // Every list of children or string is null terminated.
@@ -116,10 +114,12 @@ export type OpaqueIDType = number;
 export function makeServerID(
   responseState: null | ResponseState,
 ): OpaqueIDType {
-  invariant(
-    responseState !== null,
-    'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component.',
-  );
+  if (responseState === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component.',
+    );
+  }
+
   // TODO: This is not deterministic since it's created during render.
   return responseState.nextOpaqueID++;
 }
@@ -167,8 +167,7 @@ export function pushEndInstance(
 // IDs are formatted as little endian Uint16
 function formatID(id: number): Uint8Array {
   if (id > 0xffff) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'More boundaries or placeholders than we expected to ever emit.',
     );
   }
diff --git a/packages/react-pg/src/ReactPostgres.js b/packages/react-pg/src/ReactPostgres.js
index ec49f8c043238..fc23025788780 100644
--- a/packages/react-pg/src/ReactPostgres.js
+++ b/packages/react-pg/src/ReactPostgres.js
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import type {Wakeable} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 import {unstable_getCacheForType} from 'react';
 import {Pool as PostgresPool} from 'pg';
 import {prepareValue} from 'pg/lib/utils';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 const Pending = 0;
 const Resolved = 1;
@@ -92,8 +91,7 @@ Pool.prototype.query = function(query: string, values?: Array<mixed>) {
         nextMap = new Map();
         innerMap.set(key, nextMap);
       } else if (!(nextMap instanceof Map)) {
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'This query has received more parameters than the last time ' +
             'the same query was used. Always pass the exact number of ' +
             'parameters that the query needs.',
@@ -113,8 +111,7 @@ Pool.prototype.query = function(query: string, values?: Array<mixed>) {
     record = createRecordFromThenable(thenable);
     innerMap.set(key, record);
   } else if (record instanceof Map) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'This query has received fewer parameters than the last time ' +
         'the same query was used. Always pass the exact number of ' +
         'parameters that the query needs.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.new.js
index 91dcff903a63a..9071edc24f7a2 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.new.js
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import {
   REACT_LAZY_TYPE,
 } from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import {ClassComponent, HostText, HostPortal, Fragment} from './ReactWorkTags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {
   warnAboutStringRefs,
@@ -69,11 +68,14 @@ if (__DEV__) {
     if (!child._store || child._store.validated || child.key != null) {
       return;
     }
-    invariant(
-      typeof child._store === 'object',
-      'React Component in warnForMissingKey should have a _store. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (typeof child._store !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'React Component in warnForMissingKey should have a _store. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     child._store.validated = true;
 
     const componentName = getComponentNameFromFiber(returnFiber) || 'Component';
@@ -149,21 +151,28 @@ function coerceRef(
       let inst;
       if (owner) {
         const ownerFiber = ((owner: any): Fiber);
-        invariant(
-          ownerFiber.tag === ClassComponent,
-          'Function components cannot have string refs. ' +
-            'We recommend using useRef() instead. ' +
-            'Learn more about using refs safely here: ' +
-            'https://reactjs.org/link/strict-mode-string-ref',
-        );
+
+        if (ownerFiber.tag !== ClassComponent) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Function components cannot have string refs. ' +
+              'We recommend using useRef() instead. ' +
+              'Learn more about using refs safely here: ' +
+              'https://reactjs.org/link/strict-mode-string-ref',
+          );
+        }
+
         inst = ownerFiber.stateNode;
       }
-      invariant(
-        inst,
-        'Missing owner for string ref %s. This error is likely caused by a ' +
-          'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-        mixedRef,
-      );
+
+      if (!inst) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Missing owner for string ref ${mixedRef}. This error is likely caused by a ` +
+            'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+      // Assigning this to a const so Flow knows it won't change in the closure
+      const resolvedInst = inst;
+
       if (__DEV__) {
         checkPropStringCoercion(mixedRef, 'ref');
       }
@@ -178,10 +187,10 @@ function coerceRef(
         return current.ref;
       }
       const ref = function(value) {
-        let refs = inst.refs;
+        let refs = resolvedInst.refs;
         if (refs === emptyRefsObject) {
           // This is a lazy pooled frozen object, so we need to initialize.
-          refs = inst.refs = {};
+          refs = resolvedInst.refs = {};
         }
         if (value === null) {
           delete refs[stringRef];
@@ -192,20 +201,22 @@ function coerceRef(
       ref._stringRef = stringRef;
       return ref;
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        typeof mixedRef === 'string',
-        'Expected ref to be a function, a string, an object returned by React.createRef(), or null.',
-      );
-      invariant(
-        element._owner,
-        'Element ref was specified as a string (%s) but no owner was set. This could happen for one of' +
-          ' the following reasons:\n' +
-          '1. You may be adding a ref to a function component\n' +
-          "2. You may be adding a ref to a component that was not created inside a component's render method\n" +
-          '3. You have multiple copies of React loaded\n' +
-          'See https://reactjs.org/link/refs-must-have-owner for more information.',
-        mixedRef,
-      );
+      if (typeof mixedRef !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Expected ref to be a function, a string, an object returned by React.createRef(), or null.',
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!element._owner) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Element ref was specified as a string (${mixedRef}) but no owner was set. This could happen for one of` +
+            ' the following reasons:\n' +
+            '1. You may be adding a ref to a function component\n' +
+            "2. You may be adding a ref to a component that was not created inside a component's render method\n" +
+            '3. You have multiple copies of React loaded\n' +
+            'See https://reactjs.org/link/refs-must-have-owner for more information.',
+        );
+      }
     }
   }
   return mixedRef;
@@ -213,14 +224,15 @@ function coerceRef(
 
 function throwOnInvalidObjectType(returnFiber: Fiber, newChild: Object) {
   const childString = Object.prototype.toString.call(newChild);
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s). ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Objects are not valid as a React child (found: ${
+      childString === '[object Object]'
+        ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(newChild).join(', ') + '}'
+        : childString
+    }). ` +
       'If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array ' +
       'instead.',
-    childString === '[object Object]'
-      ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(newChild).join(', ') + '}'
-      : childString,
   );
 }
 
@@ -887,11 +899,13 @@ function ChildReconciler(shouldTrackSideEffects) {
     // but using the iterator instead.
 
     const iteratorFn = getIteratorFn(newChildrenIterable);
-    invariant(
-      typeof iteratorFn === 'function',
-      'An object is not an iterable. This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
-        'React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (typeof iteratorFn !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'An object is not an iterable. This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+          'React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     if (__DEV__) {
       // We don't support rendering Generators because it's a mutation.
@@ -938,7 +952,10 @@ function ChildReconciler(shouldTrackSideEffects) {
     }
 
     const newChildren = iteratorFn.call(newChildrenIterable);
-    invariant(newChildren != null, 'An iterable object provided no iterator.');
+
+    if (newChildren == null) {
+      throw new Error('An iterable object provided no iterator.');
+    }
 
     let resultingFirstChild: Fiber | null = null;
     let previousNewFiber: Fiber | null = null;
@@ -1313,10 +1330,9 @@ export function cloneChildFibers(
   current: Fiber | null,
   workInProgress: Fiber,
 ): void {
-  invariant(
-    current === null || workInProgress.child === current.child,
-    'Resuming work not yet implemented.',
-  );
+  if (current !== null && workInProgress.child !== current.child) {
+    throw new Error('Resuming work not yet implemented.');
+  }
 
   if (workInProgress.child === null) {
     return;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.old.js
index 9fafdf05f67a6..0128ca8f36f3d 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.old.js
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import {
   REACT_LAZY_TYPE,
 } from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import {ClassComponent, HostText, HostPortal, Fragment} from './ReactWorkTags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {
   warnAboutStringRefs,
@@ -69,11 +68,14 @@ if (__DEV__) {
     if (!child._store || child._store.validated || child.key != null) {
       return;
     }
-    invariant(
-      typeof child._store === 'object',
-      'React Component in warnForMissingKey should have a _store. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (typeof child._store !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'React Component in warnForMissingKey should have a _store. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     child._store.validated = true;
 
     const componentName = getComponentNameFromFiber(returnFiber) || 'Component';
@@ -149,21 +151,28 @@ function coerceRef(
       let inst;
       if (owner) {
         const ownerFiber = ((owner: any): Fiber);
-        invariant(
-          ownerFiber.tag === ClassComponent,
-          'Function components cannot have string refs. ' +
-            'We recommend using useRef() instead. ' +
-            'Learn more about using refs safely here: ' +
-            'https://reactjs.org/link/strict-mode-string-ref',
-        );
+
+        if (ownerFiber.tag !== ClassComponent) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Function components cannot have string refs. ' +
+              'We recommend using useRef() instead. ' +
+              'Learn more about using refs safely here: ' +
+              'https://reactjs.org/link/strict-mode-string-ref',
+          );
+        }
+
         inst = ownerFiber.stateNode;
       }
-      invariant(
-        inst,
-        'Missing owner for string ref %s. This error is likely caused by a ' +
-          'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-        mixedRef,
-      );
+
+      if (!inst) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Missing owner for string ref ${mixedRef}. This error is likely caused by a ` +
+            'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+      // Assigning this to a const so Flow knows it won't change in the closure
+      const resolvedInst = inst;
+
       if (__DEV__) {
         checkPropStringCoercion(mixedRef, 'ref');
       }
@@ -178,10 +187,10 @@ function coerceRef(
         return current.ref;
       }
       const ref = function(value) {
-        let refs = inst.refs;
+        let refs = resolvedInst.refs;
         if (refs === emptyRefsObject) {
           // This is a lazy pooled frozen object, so we need to initialize.
-          refs = inst.refs = {};
+          refs = resolvedInst.refs = {};
         }
         if (value === null) {
           delete refs[stringRef];
@@ -192,20 +201,22 @@ function coerceRef(
       ref._stringRef = stringRef;
       return ref;
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        typeof mixedRef === 'string',
-        'Expected ref to be a function, a string, an object returned by React.createRef(), or null.',
-      );
-      invariant(
-        element._owner,
-        'Element ref was specified as a string (%s) but no owner was set. This could happen for one of' +
-          ' the following reasons:\n' +
-          '1. You may be adding a ref to a function component\n' +
-          "2. You may be adding a ref to a component that was not created inside a component's render method\n" +
-          '3. You have multiple copies of React loaded\n' +
-          'See https://reactjs.org/link/refs-must-have-owner for more information.',
-        mixedRef,
-      );
+      if (typeof mixedRef !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Expected ref to be a function, a string, an object returned by React.createRef(), or null.',
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!element._owner) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Element ref was specified as a string (${mixedRef}) but no owner was set. This could happen for one of` +
+            ' the following reasons:\n' +
+            '1. You may be adding a ref to a function component\n' +
+            "2. You may be adding a ref to a component that was not created inside a component's render method\n" +
+            '3. You have multiple copies of React loaded\n' +
+            'See https://reactjs.org/link/refs-must-have-owner for more information.',
+        );
+      }
     }
   }
   return mixedRef;
@@ -213,14 +224,15 @@ function coerceRef(
 
 function throwOnInvalidObjectType(returnFiber: Fiber, newChild: Object) {
   const childString = Object.prototype.toString.call(newChild);
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s). ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Objects are not valid as a React child (found: ${
+      childString === '[object Object]'
+        ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(newChild).join(', ') + '}'
+        : childString
+    }). ` +
       'If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array ' +
       'instead.',
-    childString === '[object Object]'
-      ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(newChild).join(', ') + '}'
-      : childString,
   );
 }
 
@@ -887,11 +899,13 @@ function ChildReconciler(shouldTrackSideEffects) {
     // but using the iterator instead.
 
     const iteratorFn = getIteratorFn(newChildrenIterable);
-    invariant(
-      typeof iteratorFn === 'function',
-      'An object is not an iterable. This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
-        'React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (typeof iteratorFn !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'An object is not an iterable. This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+          'React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     if (__DEV__) {
       // We don't support rendering Generators because it's a mutation.
@@ -938,7 +952,10 @@ function ChildReconciler(shouldTrackSideEffects) {
     }
 
     const newChildren = iteratorFn.call(newChildrenIterable);
-    invariant(newChildren != null, 'An iterable object provided no iterator.');
+
+    if (newChildren == null) {
+      throw new Error('An iterable object provided no iterator.');
+    }
 
     let resultingFirstChild: Fiber | null = null;
     let previousNewFiber: Fiber | null = null;
@@ -1313,10 +1330,9 @@ export function cloneChildFibers(
   current: Fiber | null,
   workInProgress: Fiber,
 ): void {
-  invariant(
-    current === null || workInProgress.child === current.child,
-    'Resuming work not yet implemented.',
-  );
+  if (current !== null && workInProgress.child !== current.child) {
+    throw new Error('Resuming work not yet implemented.');
+  }
 
   if (workInProgress.child === null) {
     return;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.new.js
index cbbbaa623385e..2e5c40c220a71 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.new.js
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import type {Lanes} from './ReactFiberLane.new';
 import type {SuspenseInstance, Props} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import type {OffscreenProps} from './ReactFiberOffscreenComponent';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   createRootStrictEffectsByDefault,
   enableCache,
@@ -565,13 +564,11 @@ export function createFiberFromTypeAndProps(
             info += '\n\nCheck the render method of `' + ownerName + '`.';
           }
         }
-        invariant(
-          false,
+
+        throw new Error(
           'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in ' +
             'components) or a class/function (for composite components) ' +
-            'but got: %s.%s',
-          type == null ? type : typeof type,
-          info,
+            `but got: ${type == null ? type : typeof type}.${info}`,
         );
       }
     }
@@ -604,7 +601,7 @@ export function createOffscreenHostContainerFiber(
     return fiber;
   } else {
     // Only implemented in persistent mode
-    invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+    throw new Error('Not implemented.');
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.old.js
index 6d99c6837ed21..9d559a3f7afb0 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiber.old.js
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import type {Lanes} from './ReactFiberLane.old';
 import type {SuspenseInstance, Props} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import type {OffscreenProps} from './ReactFiberOffscreenComponent';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   createRootStrictEffectsByDefault,
   enableCache,
@@ -565,13 +564,11 @@ export function createFiberFromTypeAndProps(
             info += '\n\nCheck the render method of `' + ownerName + '`.';
           }
         }
-        invariant(
-          false,
+
+        throw new Error(
           'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in ' +
             'components) or a class/function (for composite components) ' +
-            'but got: %s.%s',
-          type == null ? type : typeof type,
-          info,
+            `but got: ${type == null ? type : typeof type}.${info}`,
         );
       }
     }
@@ -604,7 +601,7 @@ export function createOffscreenHostContainerFiber(
     return fiber;
   } else {
     // Only implemented in persistent mode
-    invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+    throw new Error('Not implemented.');
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.new.js
index 6ad63ae763c2a..4fe648bc3e767 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.new.js
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ import {
   enableSchedulingProfiler,
   enablePersistentOffscreenHostContainer,
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import shallowEqual from 'shared/shallowEqual';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
@@ -1050,6 +1049,7 @@ function updateClassComponent(
       case true: {
         workInProgress.flags |= DidCapture;
         workInProgress.flags |= ShouldCapture;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         const error = new Error('Simulated error coming from DevTools');
         const lane = pickArbitraryLane(renderLanes);
         workInProgress.lanes = mergeLanes(workInProgress.lanes, lane);
@@ -1264,12 +1264,15 @@ function pushHostRootContext(workInProgress) {
 function updateHostRoot(current, workInProgress, renderLanes) {
   pushHostRootContext(workInProgress);
   const updateQueue = workInProgress.updateQueue;
-  invariant(
-    current !== null && updateQueue !== null,
-    'If the root does not have an updateQueue, we should have already ' +
-      'bailed out. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please ' +
-      'file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (current === null || updateQueue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'If the root does not have an updateQueue, we should have already ' +
+        'bailed out. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please ' +
+        'file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const nextProps = workInProgress.pendingProps;
   const prevState = workInProgress.memoizedState;
   const prevChildren = prevState.element;
@@ -1496,15 +1499,13 @@ function mountLazyComponent(
       hint = ' Did you wrap a component in React.lazy() more than once?';
     }
   }
+
   // This message intentionally doesn't mention ForwardRef or MemoComponent
   // because the fact that it's a separate type of work is an
   // implementation detail.
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Element type is invalid. Received a promise that resolves to: %s. ' +
-      'Lazy element type must resolve to a class or function.%s',
-    Component,
-    hint,
+  throw new Error(
+    `Element type is invalid. Received a promise that resolves to: ${Component}. ` +
+      `Lazy element type must resolve to a class or function.${hint}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -3317,6 +3318,7 @@ function remountFiber(
   if (__DEV__) {
     const returnFiber = oldWorkInProgress.return;
     if (returnFiber === null) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
       throw new Error('Cannot swap the root fiber.');
     }
 
@@ -3337,11 +3339,13 @@ function remountFiber(
     } else {
       let prevSibling = returnFiber.child;
       if (prevSibling === null) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         throw new Error('Expected parent to have a child.');
       }
       while (prevSibling.sibling !== oldWorkInProgress) {
         prevSibling = prevSibling.sibling;
         if (prevSibling === null) {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
           throw new Error('Expected to find the previous sibling.');
         }
       }
@@ -3836,11 +3840,10 @@ function beginWork(
       break;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Unknown unit of work tag (%s). This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unknown unit of work tag (${workInProgress.tag}). This error is likely caused by a bug in ` +
       'React. Please file an issue.',
-    workInProgress.tag,
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.old.js
index ffa753593e1a4..f116897a8661b 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberBeginWork.old.js
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ import {
   enableSchedulingProfiler,
   enablePersistentOffscreenHostContainer,
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import shallowEqual from 'shared/shallowEqual';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
@@ -1050,6 +1049,7 @@ function updateClassComponent(
       case true: {
         workInProgress.flags |= DidCapture;
         workInProgress.flags |= ShouldCapture;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         const error = new Error('Simulated error coming from DevTools');
         const lane = pickArbitraryLane(renderLanes);
         workInProgress.lanes = mergeLanes(workInProgress.lanes, lane);
@@ -1264,12 +1264,15 @@ function pushHostRootContext(workInProgress) {
 function updateHostRoot(current, workInProgress, renderLanes) {
   pushHostRootContext(workInProgress);
   const updateQueue = workInProgress.updateQueue;
-  invariant(
-    current !== null && updateQueue !== null,
-    'If the root does not have an updateQueue, we should have already ' +
-      'bailed out. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please ' +
-      'file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (current === null || updateQueue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'If the root does not have an updateQueue, we should have already ' +
+        'bailed out. This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please ' +
+        'file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   const nextProps = workInProgress.pendingProps;
   const prevState = workInProgress.memoizedState;
   const prevChildren = prevState.element;
@@ -1496,15 +1499,13 @@ function mountLazyComponent(
       hint = ' Did you wrap a component in React.lazy() more than once?';
     }
   }
+
   // This message intentionally doesn't mention ForwardRef or MemoComponent
   // because the fact that it's a separate type of work is an
   // implementation detail.
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Element type is invalid. Received a promise that resolves to: %s. ' +
-      'Lazy element type must resolve to a class or function.%s',
-    Component,
-    hint,
+  throw new Error(
+    `Element type is invalid. Received a promise that resolves to: ${Component}. ` +
+      `Lazy element type must resolve to a class or function.${hint}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -3317,6 +3318,7 @@ function remountFiber(
   if (__DEV__) {
     const returnFiber = oldWorkInProgress.return;
     if (returnFiber === null) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
       throw new Error('Cannot swap the root fiber.');
     }
 
@@ -3337,11 +3339,13 @@ function remountFiber(
     } else {
       let prevSibling = returnFiber.child;
       if (prevSibling === null) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
         throw new Error('Expected parent to have a child.');
       }
       while (prevSibling.sibling !== oldWorkInProgress) {
         prevSibling = prevSibling.sibling;
         if (prevSibling === null) {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
           throw new Error('Expected to find the previous sibling.');
         }
       }
@@ -3836,11 +3840,10 @@ function beginWork(
       break;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Unknown unit of work tag (%s). This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unknown unit of work tag (${workInProgress.tag}). This error is likely caused by a bug in ` +
       'React. Please file an issue.',
-    workInProgress.tag,
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.new.js
index 3cb67d045d410..18e56db09313c 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.new.js
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import {get as getInstance, set as setInstance} from 'shared/ReactInstanceMap';
 import shallowEqual from 'shared/shallowEqual';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {REACT_CONTEXT_TYPE, REACT_PROVIDER_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import {setIsStrictModeForDevtools} from './ReactFiberDevToolsHook.new';
@@ -148,8 +147,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
   Object.defineProperty(fakeInternalInstance, '_processChildContext', {
     enumerable: false,
     value: function() {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         '_processChildContext is not available in React 16+. This likely ' +
           'means you have multiple copies of React and are attempting to nest ' +
           'a React 15 tree inside a React 16 tree using ' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.old.js
index 0e30466bf82be..a54dfabfca525 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.old.js
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import {get as getInstance, set as setInstance} from 'shared/ReactInstanceMap';
 import shallowEqual from 'shared/shallowEqual';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {REACT_CONTEXT_TYPE, REACT_PROVIDER_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import {setIsStrictModeForDevtools} from './ReactFiberDevToolsHook.old';
@@ -148,8 +147,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
   Object.defineProperty(fakeInternalInstance, '_processChildContext', {
     enumerable: false,
     value: function() {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         '_processChildContext is not available in React 16+. This likely ' +
           'means you have multiple copies of React and are attempting to nest ' +
           'a React 15 tree inside a React 16 tree using ' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.new.js
index 699c6867fa103..95c2f3753bfd7 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.new.js
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ import {
   Visibility,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   resetCurrentFiber as resetCurrentDebugFiberInDEV,
   setCurrentFiber as setCurrentDebugFiberInDEV,
@@ -473,8 +472,7 @@ function commitBeforeMutationEffectsOnFiber(finishedWork: Fiber) {
         // Nothing to do for these component types
         break;
       default: {
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
             'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
         );
@@ -945,8 +943,7 @@ function commitLayoutEffectOnFiber(
       case LegacyHiddenComponent:
         break;
       default:
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
             'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
         );
@@ -1432,8 +1429,8 @@ function commitContainer(finishedWork: Fiber) {
       return;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
       'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
@@ -1447,8 +1444,8 @@ function getHostParentFiber(fiber: Fiber): Fiber {
     }
     parent = parent.return;
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
       'in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
@@ -1535,8 +1532,7 @@ function commitPlacement(finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       break;
     // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
     default:
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Invalid host parent fiber. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
           'in React. Please file an issue.',
       );
@@ -1641,11 +1637,13 @@ function unmountHostComponents(
     if (!currentParentIsValid) {
       let parent = node.return;
       findParent: while (true) {
-        invariant(
-          parent !== null,
-          'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by ' +
-            'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-        );
+        if (parent === null) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by ' +
+              'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+          );
+        }
+
         const parentStateNode = parent.stateNode;
         switch (parent.tag) {
           case HostComponent:
@@ -1915,11 +1913,13 @@ function commitWork(current: Fiber | null, finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       return;
     }
     case HostText: {
-      invariant(
-        finishedWork.stateNode !== null,
-        'This should have a text node initialized. This error is likely ' +
-          'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-      );
+      if (finishedWork.stateNode === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'This should have a text node initialized. This error is likely ' +
+            'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+
       const textInstance: TextInstance = finishedWork.stateNode;
       const newText: string = finishedWork.memoizedProps;
       // For hydration we reuse the update path but we treat the oldProps
@@ -1965,8 +1965,8 @@ function commitWork(current: Fiber | null, finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       break;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
       'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.old.js
index 53294e67498b0..8057c415e7459 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCommitWork.old.js
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ import {
   Visibility,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {
   resetCurrentFiber as resetCurrentDebugFiberInDEV,
   setCurrentFiber as setCurrentDebugFiberInDEV,
@@ -473,8 +472,7 @@ function commitBeforeMutationEffectsOnFiber(finishedWork: Fiber) {
         // Nothing to do for these component types
         break;
       default: {
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
             'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
         );
@@ -945,8 +943,7 @@ function commitLayoutEffectOnFiber(
       case LegacyHiddenComponent:
         break;
       default:
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
             'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
         );
@@ -1432,8 +1429,8 @@ function commitContainer(finishedWork: Fiber) {
       return;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
       'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
@@ -1447,8 +1444,8 @@ function getHostParentFiber(fiber: Fiber): Fiber {
     }
     parent = parent.return;
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
       'in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
@@ -1535,8 +1532,7 @@ function commitPlacement(finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       break;
     // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
     default:
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Invalid host parent fiber. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
           'in React. Please file an issue.',
       );
@@ -1641,11 +1637,13 @@ function unmountHostComponents(
     if (!currentParentIsValid) {
       let parent = node.return;
       findParent: while (true) {
-        invariant(
-          parent !== null,
-          'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by ' +
-            'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-        );
+        if (parent === null) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Expected to find a host parent. This error is likely caused by ' +
+              'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+          );
+        }
+
         const parentStateNode = parent.stateNode;
         switch (parent.tag) {
           case HostComponent:
@@ -1915,11 +1913,13 @@ function commitWork(current: Fiber | null, finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       return;
     }
     case HostText: {
-      invariant(
-        finishedWork.stateNode !== null,
-        'This should have a text node initialized. This error is likely ' +
-          'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-      );
+      if (finishedWork.stateNode === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'This should have a text node initialized. This error is likely ' +
+            'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+
       const textInstance: TextInstance = finishedWork.stateNode;
       const newText: string = finishedWork.memoizedProps;
       // For hydration we reuse the update path but we treat the oldProps
@@ -1965,8 +1965,8 @@ function commitWork(current: Fiber | null, finishedWork: Fiber): void {
       break;
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'This unit of work tag should not have side-effects. This error is ' +
       'likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
   );
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.new.js
index 03136ce30ba7b..a15702985e9a0 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.new.js
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ import {
   StaticMask,
   MutationMask,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {
   createInstance,
@@ -897,11 +896,13 @@ function completeWork(
         }
       } else {
         if (!newProps) {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.stateNode !== null,
-            'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
-              'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.stateNode === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
+                'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
+
           // This can happen when we abort work.
           bubbleProperties(workInProgress);
           return null;
@@ -973,11 +974,12 @@ function completeWork(
         updateHostText(current, workInProgress, oldText, newText);
       } else {
         if (typeof newText !== 'string') {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.stateNode !== null,
-            'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
-              'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.stateNode === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
+                'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
           // This can happen when we abort work.
         }
         const rootContainerInstance = getRootHostContainer();
@@ -1007,11 +1009,14 @@ function completeWork(
         if (nextState !== null && nextState.dehydrated !== null) {
           if (current === null) {
             const wasHydrated = popHydrationState(workInProgress);
-            invariant(
-              wasHydrated,
-              'A dehydrated suspense component was completed without a hydrated node. ' +
-                'This is probably a bug in React.',
-            );
+
+            if (!wasHydrated) {
+              throw new Error(
+                'A dehydrated suspense component was completed without a hydrated node. ' +
+                  'This is probably a bug in React.',
+              );
+            }
+
             prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(workInProgress);
             bubbleProperties(workInProgress);
             if (enableProfilerTimer) {
@@ -1478,11 +1483,10 @@ function completeWork(
       }
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Unknown unit of work tag (%s). This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unknown unit of work tag (${workInProgress.tag}). This error is likely caused by a bug in ` +
       'React. Please file an issue.',
-    workInProgress.tag,
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.old.js
index 1155a817d61b6..89b8b980bc3e3 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberCompleteWork.old.js
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ import {
   StaticMask,
   MutationMask,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {
   createInstance,
@@ -897,11 +896,13 @@ function completeWork(
         }
       } else {
         if (!newProps) {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.stateNode !== null,
-            'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
-              'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.stateNode === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
+                'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
+
           // This can happen when we abort work.
           bubbleProperties(workInProgress);
           return null;
@@ -973,11 +974,12 @@ function completeWork(
         updateHostText(current, workInProgress, oldText, newText);
       } else {
         if (typeof newText !== 'string') {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.stateNode !== null,
-            'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
-              'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.stateNode === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'We must have new props for new mounts. This error is likely ' +
+                'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
           // This can happen when we abort work.
         }
         const rootContainerInstance = getRootHostContainer();
@@ -1007,11 +1009,14 @@ function completeWork(
         if (nextState !== null && nextState.dehydrated !== null) {
           if (current === null) {
             const wasHydrated = popHydrationState(workInProgress);
-            invariant(
-              wasHydrated,
-              'A dehydrated suspense component was completed without a hydrated node. ' +
-                'This is probably a bug in React.',
-            );
+
+            if (!wasHydrated) {
+              throw new Error(
+                'A dehydrated suspense component was completed without a hydrated node. ' +
+                  'This is probably a bug in React.',
+              );
+            }
+
             prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(workInProgress);
             bubbleProperties(workInProgress);
             if (enableProfilerTimer) {
@@ -1478,11 +1483,10 @@ function completeWork(
       }
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Unknown unit of work tag (%s). This error is likely caused by a bug in ' +
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unknown unit of work tag (${workInProgress.tag}). This error is likely caused by a bug in ` +
       'React. Please file an issue.',
-    workInProgress.tag,
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.new.js
index a7735f7b56e16..43d5e68abb05d 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.new.js
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import {isFiberMounted} from './ReactFiberTreeReflection';
 import {disableLegacyContext} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import {ClassComponent, HostRoot} from './ReactWorkTags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import checkPropTypes from 'shared/checkPropTypes';
 
 import {createCursor, push, pop} from './ReactFiberStack.new';
@@ -161,11 +160,12 @@ function pushTopLevelContextObject(
   if (disableLegacyContext) {
     return;
   } else {
-    invariant(
-      contextStackCursor.current === emptyContextObject,
-      'Unexpected context found on stack. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+    if (contextStackCursor.current !== emptyContextObject) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Unexpected context found on stack. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     push(contextStackCursor, context, fiber);
     push(didPerformWorkStackCursor, didChange, fiber);
@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@ function processChildContext(
 
     const childContext = instance.getChildContext();
     for (const contextKey in childContext) {
-      invariant(
-        contextKey in childContextTypes,
-        '%s.getChildContext(): key "%s" is not defined in childContextTypes.',
-        getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) || 'Unknown',
-        contextKey,
-      );
+      if (!(contextKey in childContextTypes)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `${getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) ||
+            'Unknown'}.getChildContext(): key "${contextKey}" is not defined in childContextTypes.`,
+        );
+      }
     }
     if (__DEV__) {
       const name = getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) || 'Unknown';
@@ -256,11 +256,13 @@ function invalidateContextProvider(
     return;
   } else {
     const instance = workInProgress.stateNode;
-    invariant(
-      instance,
-      'Expected to have an instance by this point. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (!instance) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected to have an instance by this point. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     if (didChange) {
       // Merge parent and own context.
@@ -293,11 +295,12 @@ function findCurrentUnmaskedContext(fiber: Fiber): Object {
   } else {
     // Currently this is only used with renderSubtreeIntoContainer; not sure if it
     // makes sense elsewhere
-    invariant(
-      isFiberMounted(fiber) && fiber.tag === ClassComponent,
-      'Expected subtree parent to be a mounted class component. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+    if (!isFiberMounted(fiber) || fiber.tag !== ClassComponent) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected subtree parent to be a mounted class component. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     let node = fiber;
     do {
@@ -314,8 +317,8 @@ function findCurrentUnmaskedContext(fiber: Fiber): Object {
       }
       node = node.return;
     } while (node !== null);
-    invariant(
-      false,
+
+    throw new Error(
       'Found unexpected detached subtree parent. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.old.js
index c4736bcbd3103..82bf05e6687c0 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberContext.old.js
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import {isFiberMounted} from './ReactFiberTreeReflection';
 import {disableLegacyContext} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import {ClassComponent, HostRoot} from './ReactWorkTags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import checkPropTypes from 'shared/checkPropTypes';
 
 import {createCursor, push, pop} from './ReactFiberStack.old';
@@ -161,11 +160,12 @@ function pushTopLevelContextObject(
   if (disableLegacyContext) {
     return;
   } else {
-    invariant(
-      contextStackCursor.current === emptyContextObject,
-      'Unexpected context found on stack. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+    if (contextStackCursor.current !== emptyContextObject) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Unexpected context found on stack. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     push(contextStackCursor, context, fiber);
     push(didPerformWorkStackCursor, didChange, fiber);
@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@ function processChildContext(
 
     const childContext = instance.getChildContext();
     for (const contextKey in childContext) {
-      invariant(
-        contextKey in childContextTypes,
-        '%s.getChildContext(): key "%s" is not defined in childContextTypes.',
-        getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) || 'Unknown',
-        contextKey,
-      );
+      if (!(contextKey in childContextTypes)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `${getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) ||
+            'Unknown'}.getChildContext(): key "${contextKey}" is not defined in childContextTypes.`,
+        );
+      }
     }
     if (__DEV__) {
       const name = getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) || 'Unknown';
@@ -256,11 +256,13 @@ function invalidateContextProvider(
     return;
   } else {
     const instance = workInProgress.stateNode;
-    invariant(
-      instance,
-      'Expected to have an instance by this point. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (!instance) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected to have an instance by this point. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     if (didChange) {
       // Merge parent and own context.
@@ -293,11 +295,12 @@ function findCurrentUnmaskedContext(fiber: Fiber): Object {
   } else {
     // Currently this is only used with renderSubtreeIntoContainer; not sure if it
     // makes sense elsewhere
-    invariant(
-      isFiberMounted(fiber) && fiber.tag === ClassComponent,
-      'Expected subtree parent to be a mounted class component. ' +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+    if (!isFiberMounted(fiber) || fiber.tag !== ClassComponent) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected subtree parent to be a mounted class component. ' +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
 
     let node = fiber;
     do {
@@ -314,8 +317,8 @@ function findCurrentUnmaskedContext(fiber: Fiber): Object {
       }
       node = node.return;
     } while (node !== null);
-    invariant(
-      false,
+
+    throw new Error(
       'Found unexpected detached subtree parent. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.new.js
index d6123454972ac..b66b62c9ade73 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.new.js
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ import {
   isInterleavedUpdate,
 } from './ReactFiberWorkLoop.new';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
@@ -310,8 +309,7 @@ function warnOnHookMismatchInDev(currentHookName: HookType) {
 }
 
 function throwInvalidHookError() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
       ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
       '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
@@ -436,11 +434,13 @@ export function renderWithHooks<Props, SecondArg>(
     let numberOfReRenders: number = 0;
     do {
       didScheduleRenderPhaseUpdateDuringThisPass = false;
-      invariant(
-        numberOfReRenders < RE_RENDER_LIMIT,
-        'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
-          'an infinite loop.',
-      );
+
+      if (numberOfReRenders >= RE_RENDER_LIMIT) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
+            'an infinite loop.',
+        );
+      }
 
       numberOfReRenders += 1;
       if (__DEV__) {
@@ -516,11 +516,12 @@ export function renderWithHooks<Props, SecondArg>(
 
   didScheduleRenderPhaseUpdate = false;
 
-  invariant(
-    !didRenderTooFewHooks,
-    'Rendered fewer hooks than expected. This may be caused by an accidental ' +
-      'early return statement.',
-  );
+  if (didRenderTooFewHooks) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Rendered fewer hooks than expected. This may be caused by an accidental ' +
+        'early return statement.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (enableLazyContextPropagation) {
     if (current !== null) {
@@ -669,10 +670,10 @@ function updateWorkInProgressHook(): Hook {
   } else {
     // Clone from the current hook.
 
-    invariant(
-      nextCurrentHook !== null,
-      'Rendered more hooks than during the previous render.',
-    );
+    if (nextCurrentHook === null) {
+      throw new Error('Rendered more hooks than during the previous render.');
+    }
+
     currentHook = nextCurrentHook;
 
     const newHook: Hook = {
@@ -745,10 +746,12 @@ function updateReducer<S, I, A>(
 ): [S, Dispatch<A>] {
   const hook = updateWorkInProgressHook();
   const queue = hook.queue;
-  invariant(
-    queue !== null,
-    'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (queue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   queue.lastRenderedReducer = reducer;
 
@@ -900,10 +903,12 @@ function rerenderReducer<S, I, A>(
 ): [S, Dispatch<A>] {
   const hook = updateWorkInProgressHook();
   const queue = hook.queue;
-  invariant(
-    queue !== null,
-    'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (queue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   queue.lastRenderedReducer = reducer;
 
@@ -1037,8 +1042,7 @@ function readFromUnsubscribedMutableSource<Source, Snapshot>(
 
     // We expect this error not to be thrown during the synchronous retry,
     // because we blocked interleaved mutations.
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Cannot read from mutable source during the current render without tearing. This may be a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
   }
@@ -1051,10 +1055,12 @@ function useMutableSource<Source, Snapshot>(
   subscribe: MutableSourceSubscribeFn<Source, Snapshot>,
 ): Snapshot {
   const root = ((getWorkInProgressRoot(): any): FiberRoot);
-  invariant(
-    root !== null,
-    'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (root === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   const getVersion = source._getVersion;
   const version = getVersion(source._source);
@@ -1242,8 +1248,7 @@ function mountSyncExternalStore<T>(
   const isHydrating = getIsHydrating();
   if (isHydrating) {
     if (getServerSnapshot === undefined) {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for ' +
           'server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.',
       );
@@ -1279,10 +1284,13 @@ function mountSyncExternalStore<T>(
     // the content is stale, it's already visible anyway. Instead we'll patch
     // it up in a passive effect.
     const root: FiberRoot | null = getWorkInProgressRoot();
-    invariant(
-      root !== null,
-      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (root === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     if (!includesBlockingLane(root, renderLanes)) {
       pushStoreConsistencyCheck(fiber, getSnapshot, nextSnapshot);
     }
@@ -1376,10 +1384,13 @@ function updateSyncExternalStore<T>(
     // Right before committing, we will walk the tree and check if any of the
     // stores were mutated.
     const root: FiberRoot | null = getWorkInProgressRoot();
-    invariant(
-      root !== null,
-      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (root === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     if (!includesBlockingLane(root, renderLanes)) {
       pushStoreConsistencyCheck(fiber, getSnapshot, nextSnapshot);
     }
@@ -1532,6 +1543,7 @@ function pushEffect(tag, create, destroy, deps) {
 let stackContainsErrorMessage: boolean | null = null;
 
 function getCallerStackFrame(): string {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   const stackFrames = new Error('Error message').stack.split('\n');
 
   // Some browsers (e.g. Chrome) include the error message in the stack
@@ -2051,8 +2063,8 @@ function mountOpaqueIdentifier(): OpaqueIDType | void {
           setId(makeId());
         }
       }
-      invariant(
-        false,
+
+      throw new Error(
         'The object passed back from useOpaqueIdentifier is meant to be ' +
           'passed through to attributes only. Do not read the value directly.',
       );
@@ -2383,7 +2395,7 @@ function markUpdateInDevTools(fiber, lane, action) {
 
 function getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
   if (!enableCache) {
-    invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+    throw new Error('Not implemented.');
   }
   const cache: Cache = readContext(CacheContext);
   let cacheForType: T | void = (cache.get(resourceType): any);
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.old.js
index d4dacbc8833ce..af21b5f6f9da3 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.old.js
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ import {
   isInterleavedUpdate,
 } from './ReactFiberWorkLoop.old';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
@@ -310,8 +309,7 @@ function warnOnHookMismatchInDev(currentHookName: HookType) {
 }
 
 function throwInvalidHookError() {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
       ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
       '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
@@ -436,11 +434,13 @@ export function renderWithHooks<Props, SecondArg>(
     let numberOfReRenders: number = 0;
     do {
       didScheduleRenderPhaseUpdateDuringThisPass = false;
-      invariant(
-        numberOfReRenders < RE_RENDER_LIMIT,
-        'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
-          'an infinite loop.',
-      );
+
+      if (numberOfReRenders >= RE_RENDER_LIMIT) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
+            'an infinite loop.',
+        );
+      }
 
       numberOfReRenders += 1;
       if (__DEV__) {
@@ -516,11 +516,12 @@ export function renderWithHooks<Props, SecondArg>(
 
   didScheduleRenderPhaseUpdate = false;
 
-  invariant(
-    !didRenderTooFewHooks,
-    'Rendered fewer hooks than expected. This may be caused by an accidental ' +
-      'early return statement.',
-  );
+  if (didRenderTooFewHooks) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Rendered fewer hooks than expected. This may be caused by an accidental ' +
+        'early return statement.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (enableLazyContextPropagation) {
     if (current !== null) {
@@ -669,10 +670,10 @@ function updateWorkInProgressHook(): Hook {
   } else {
     // Clone from the current hook.
 
-    invariant(
-      nextCurrentHook !== null,
-      'Rendered more hooks than during the previous render.',
-    );
+    if (nextCurrentHook === null) {
+      throw new Error('Rendered more hooks than during the previous render.');
+    }
+
     currentHook = nextCurrentHook;
 
     const newHook: Hook = {
@@ -745,10 +746,12 @@ function updateReducer<S, I, A>(
 ): [S, Dispatch<A>] {
   const hook = updateWorkInProgressHook();
   const queue = hook.queue;
-  invariant(
-    queue !== null,
-    'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (queue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   queue.lastRenderedReducer = reducer;
 
@@ -900,10 +903,12 @@ function rerenderReducer<S, I, A>(
 ): [S, Dispatch<A>] {
   const hook = updateWorkInProgressHook();
   const queue = hook.queue;
-  invariant(
-    queue !== null,
-    'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (queue === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Should have a queue. This is likely a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   queue.lastRenderedReducer = reducer;
 
@@ -1037,8 +1042,7 @@ function readFromUnsubscribedMutableSource<Source, Snapshot>(
 
     // We expect this error not to be thrown during the synchronous retry,
     // because we blocked interleaved mutations.
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Cannot read from mutable source during the current render without tearing. This may be a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
   }
@@ -1051,10 +1055,12 @@ function useMutableSource<Source, Snapshot>(
   subscribe: MutableSourceSubscribeFn<Source, Snapshot>,
 ): Snapshot {
   const root = ((getWorkInProgressRoot(): any): FiberRoot);
-  invariant(
-    root !== null,
-    'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (root === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   const getVersion = source._getVersion;
   const version = getVersion(source._source);
@@ -1242,8 +1248,7 @@ function mountSyncExternalStore<T>(
   const isHydrating = getIsHydrating();
   if (isHydrating) {
     if (getServerSnapshot === undefined) {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for ' +
           'server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.',
       );
@@ -1279,10 +1284,13 @@ function mountSyncExternalStore<T>(
     // the content is stale, it's already visible anyway. Instead we'll patch
     // it up in a passive effect.
     const root: FiberRoot | null = getWorkInProgressRoot();
-    invariant(
-      root !== null,
-      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (root === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     if (!includesBlockingLane(root, renderLanes)) {
       pushStoreConsistencyCheck(fiber, getSnapshot, nextSnapshot);
     }
@@ -1376,10 +1384,13 @@ function updateSyncExternalStore<T>(
     // Right before committing, we will walk the tree and check if any of the
     // stores were mutated.
     const root: FiberRoot | null = getWorkInProgressRoot();
-    invariant(
-      root !== null,
-      'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (root === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Expected a work-in-progress root. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     if (!includesBlockingLane(root, renderLanes)) {
       pushStoreConsistencyCheck(fiber, getSnapshot, nextSnapshot);
     }
@@ -1532,6 +1543,7 @@ function pushEffect(tag, create, destroy, deps) {
 let stackContainsErrorMessage: boolean | null = null;
 
 function getCallerStackFrame(): string {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   const stackFrames = new Error('Error message').stack.split('\n');
 
   // Some browsers (e.g. Chrome) include the error message in the stack
@@ -2051,8 +2063,8 @@ function mountOpaqueIdentifier(): OpaqueIDType | void {
           setId(makeId());
         }
       }
-      invariant(
-        false,
+
+      throw new Error(
         'The object passed back from useOpaqueIdentifier is meant to be ' +
           'passed through to attributes only. Do not read the value directly.',
       );
@@ -2383,7 +2395,7 @@ function markUpdateInDevTools(fiber, lane, action) {
 
 function getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
   if (!enableCache) {
-    invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+    throw new Error('Not implemented.');
   }
   const cache: Cache = readContext(CacheContext);
   let cacheForType: T | void = (cache.get(resourceType): any);
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfig.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfig.js
index 49c9752540528..2829adc569256 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfig.js
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-/* eslint-disable react-internal/invariant-args */
-
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 // We expect that our Rollup, Jest, and Flow configurations
 // always shim this module with the corresponding host config
@@ -19,4 +17,4 @@ import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // sure that if we *do* accidentally break the configuration,
 // the failure isn't silent.
 
-invariant(false, 'This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
+throw new Error('This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoHydration.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoHydration.js
index c57b313fd90fa..b95fd52d189b5 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoHydration.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoHydration.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support hydration
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support hydration. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMicrotasks.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMicrotasks.js
index 4d88494862016..5c55d9d59b01f 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMicrotasks.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMicrotasks.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support microtasks
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support microtasks. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMutation.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMutation.js
index 50e6758a8d3e1..59e8c450861f0 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMutation.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoMutation.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support mutation
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support mutation. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoPersistence.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoPersistence.js
index 824cdeacc73fd..9f194fbc8a8df 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoPersistence.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoPersistence.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support persistence
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support persistence. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoScopes.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoScopes.js
index 9c9c893767789..6eb3d08a4de64 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoScopes.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoScopes.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support React Scopes
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support React Scopes. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoTestSelectors.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoTestSelectors.js
index b8c9777f7bd5f..964bf4b2c43d5 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoTestSelectors.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostConfigWithNoTestSelectors.js
@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Renderers that don't support test selectors
 // can re-export everything from this module.
 
 function shim(...args: any) {
-  invariant(
-    false,
+  throw new Error(
     'The current renderer does not support test selectors. ' +
       'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. ' +
       'Please file an issue.',
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.new.js
index 298a96afecac6..e7d9433136ad9 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.new.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import type {Fiber} from './ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {StackCursor} from './ReactFiberStack.new';
 import type {Container, HostContext} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import {getChildHostContext, getRootHostContext} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import {createCursor, push, pop} from './ReactFiberStack.new';
 
@@ -30,11 +28,13 @@ const rootInstanceStackCursor: StackCursor<
 > = createCursor(NO_CONTEXT);
 
 function requiredContext<Value>(c: Value | NoContextT): Value {
-  invariant(
-    c !== NO_CONTEXT,
-    'Expected host context to exist. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
-      'in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+  if (c === NO_CONTEXT) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected host context to exist. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
+        'in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return (c: any);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.old.js
index bfecfb7f525a0..667aeaf0ddefc 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHostContext.old.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import type {Fiber} from './ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {StackCursor} from './ReactFiberStack.old';
 import type {Container, HostContext} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import {getChildHostContext, getRootHostContext} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import {createCursor, push, pop} from './ReactFiberStack.old';
 
@@ -30,11 +28,13 @@ const rootInstanceStackCursor: StackCursor<
 > = createCursor(NO_CONTEXT);
 
 function requiredContext<Value>(c: Value | NoContextT): Value {
-  invariant(
-    c !== NO_CONTEXT,
-    'Expected host context to exist. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
-      'in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+  if (c === NO_CONTEXT) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected host context to exist. This error is likely caused by a bug ' +
+        'in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return (c: any);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.new.js
index 4c9eaf010125c..0867ffeb78439 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.new.js
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
+
 import type {ReactElement} from 'shared/ReactElementType';
 import type {Fiber} from './ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {FiberRoot} from './ReactInternalTypes';
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.old.js
index ee0616fae79c0..4a5f53d3be731 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHotReloading.old.js
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
+
 import type {ReactElement} from 'shared/ReactElementType';
 import type {Fiber} from './ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {FiberRoot} from './ReactInternalTypes';
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.new.js
index 2ebb1386a5684..f694d8407ecdf 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.new.js
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import {
   SuspenseComponent,
 } from './ReactWorkTags';
 import {ChildDeletion, Placement, Hydrating} from './ReactFiberFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {
   createFiberFromHostInstanceForDeletion,
@@ -293,8 +292,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostInstance(
   hostContext: HostContext,
 ): boolean {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -321,8 +319,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostInstance(
 
 function prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance(fiber: Fiber): boolean {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -369,8 +366,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance(fiber: Fiber): boolean {
 
 function prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(fiber: Fiber): void {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -379,11 +375,14 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(fiber: Fiber): void {
   const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState = fiber.memoizedState;
   const suspenseInstance: null | SuspenseInstance =
     suspenseState !== null ? suspenseState.dehydrated : null;
-  invariant(
-    suspenseInstance,
-    'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
-      'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (!suspenseInstance) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
+        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   hydrateSuspenseInstance(suspenseInstance, fiber);
 }
 
@@ -391,8 +390,7 @@ function skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance(
   fiber: Fiber,
 ): null | HydratableInstance {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -400,11 +398,14 @@ function skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance(
   const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState = fiber.memoizedState;
   const suspenseInstance: null | SuspenseInstance =
     suspenseState !== null ? suspenseState.dehydrated : null;
-  invariant(
-    suspenseInstance,
-    'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
-      'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (!suspenseInstance) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
+        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return getNextHydratableInstanceAfterSuspenseInstance(suspenseInstance);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.old.js
index c8e17e0b6374f..3918c014ca146 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHydrationContext.old.js
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import {
   SuspenseComponent,
 } from './ReactWorkTags';
 import {ChildDeletion, Placement, Hydrating} from './ReactFiberFlags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 import {
   createFiberFromHostInstanceForDeletion,
@@ -293,8 +292,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostInstance(
   hostContext: HostContext,
 ): boolean {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -321,8 +319,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostInstance(
 
 function prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance(fiber: Fiber): boolean {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -369,8 +366,7 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostTextInstance(fiber: Fiber): boolean {
 
 function prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(fiber: Fiber): void {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -379,11 +375,14 @@ function prepareToHydrateHostSuspenseInstance(fiber: Fiber): void {
   const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState = fiber.memoizedState;
   const suspenseInstance: null | SuspenseInstance =
     suspenseState !== null ? suspenseState.dehydrated : null;
-  invariant(
-    suspenseInstance,
-    'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
-      'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (!suspenseInstance) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
+        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   hydrateSuspenseInstance(suspenseInstance, fiber);
 }
 
@@ -391,8 +390,7 @@ function skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance(
   fiber: Fiber,
 ): null | HydratableInstance {
   if (!supportsHydration) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Expected skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance() to never be called. ' +
         'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -400,11 +398,14 @@ function skipPastDehydratedSuspenseInstance(
   const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState = fiber.memoizedState;
   const suspenseInstance: null | SuspenseInstance =
     suspenseState !== null ? suspenseState.dehydrated : null;
-  invariant(
-    suspenseInstance,
-    'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
-      'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+
+  if (!suspenseInstance) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Expected to have a hydrated suspense instance. ' +
+        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return getNextHydratableInstanceAfterSuspenseInstance(suspenseInstance);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.new.js
index 421351b3bda56..2f59cbec27f29 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.new.js
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ import {
   NeedsPropagation,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 import {createUpdate, ForceUpdate} from './ReactUpdateQueue.new';
 import {markWorkInProgressReceivedUpdate} from './ReactFiberBeginWork.new';
@@ -269,10 +268,13 @@ function propagateContextChange_eager<T>(
       // if it will have any context consumers in it. The best we can do is
       // mark it as having updates.
       const parentSuspense = fiber.return;
-      invariant(
-        parentSuspense !== null,
-        'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (parentSuspense === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       parentSuspense.lanes = mergeLanes(parentSuspense.lanes, renderLanes);
       const alternate = parentSuspense.alternate;
       if (alternate !== null) {
@@ -388,10 +390,13 @@ function propagateContextChanges<T>(
       // if it will have any context consumers in it. The best we can do is
       // mark it as having updates.
       const parentSuspense = fiber.return;
-      invariant(
-        parentSuspense !== null,
-        'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (parentSuspense === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       parentSuspense.lanes = mergeLanes(parentSuspense.lanes, renderLanes);
       const alternate = parentSuspense.alternate;
       if (alternate !== null) {
@@ -493,10 +498,11 @@ function propagateParentContextChanges(
 
     if (parent.tag === ContextProvider) {
       const currentParent = parent.alternate;
-      invariant(
-        currentParent !== null,
-        'Should have a current fiber. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (currentParent === null) {
+        throw new Error('Should have a current fiber. This is a bug in React.');
+      }
+
       const oldProps = currentParent.memoizedProps;
       if (oldProps !== null) {
         const providerType: ReactProviderType<any> = parent.type;
@@ -631,13 +637,14 @@ export function readContext<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): T {
     };
 
     if (lastContextDependency === null) {
-      invariant(
-        currentlyRenderingFiber !== null,
-        'Context can only be read while React is rendering. ' +
-          'In classes, you can read it in the render method or getDerivedStateFromProps. ' +
-          'In function components, you can read it directly in the function body, but not ' +
-          'inside Hooks like useReducer() or useMemo().',
-      );
+      if (currentlyRenderingFiber === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Context can only be read while React is rendering. ' +
+            'In classes, you can read it in the render method or getDerivedStateFromProps. ' +
+            'In function components, you can read it directly in the function body, but not ' +
+            'inside Hooks like useReducer() or useMemo().',
+        );
+      }
 
       // This is the first dependency for this component. Create a new list.
       lastContextDependency = contextItem;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.old.js
index 24fd5f6e4331e..0d492397afd8e 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberNewContext.old.js
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ import {
   NeedsPropagation,
 } from './ReactFiberFlags';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 import {createUpdate, ForceUpdate} from './ReactUpdateQueue.old';
 import {markWorkInProgressReceivedUpdate} from './ReactFiberBeginWork.old';
@@ -269,10 +268,13 @@ function propagateContextChange_eager<T>(
       // if it will have any context consumers in it. The best we can do is
       // mark it as having updates.
       const parentSuspense = fiber.return;
-      invariant(
-        parentSuspense !== null,
-        'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (parentSuspense === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       parentSuspense.lanes = mergeLanes(parentSuspense.lanes, renderLanes);
       const alternate = parentSuspense.alternate;
       if (alternate !== null) {
@@ -388,10 +390,13 @@ function propagateContextChanges<T>(
       // if it will have any context consumers in it. The best we can do is
       // mark it as having updates.
       const parentSuspense = fiber.return;
-      invariant(
-        parentSuspense !== null,
-        'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (parentSuspense === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'We just came from a parent so we must have had a parent. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       parentSuspense.lanes = mergeLanes(parentSuspense.lanes, renderLanes);
       const alternate = parentSuspense.alternate;
       if (alternate !== null) {
@@ -493,10 +498,11 @@ function propagateParentContextChanges(
 
     if (parent.tag === ContextProvider) {
       const currentParent = parent.alternate;
-      invariant(
-        currentParent !== null,
-        'Should have a current fiber. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+
+      if (currentParent === null) {
+        throw new Error('Should have a current fiber. This is a bug in React.');
+      }
+
       const oldProps = currentParent.memoizedProps;
       if (oldProps !== null) {
         const providerType: ReactProviderType<any> = parent.type;
@@ -631,13 +637,14 @@ export function readContext<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): T {
     };
 
     if (lastContextDependency === null) {
-      invariant(
-        currentlyRenderingFiber !== null,
-        'Context can only be read while React is rendering. ' +
-          'In classes, you can read it in the render method or getDerivedStateFromProps. ' +
-          'In function components, you can read it directly in the function body, but not ' +
-          'inside Hooks like useReducer() or useMemo().',
-      );
+      if (currentlyRenderingFiber === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Context can only be read while React is rendering. ' +
+            'In classes, you can read it in the render method or getDerivedStateFromProps. ' +
+            'In function components, you can read it directly in the function body, but not ' +
+            'inside Hooks like useReducer() or useMemo().',
+        );
+      }
 
       // This is the first dependency for this component. Create a new list.
       lastContextDependency = contextItem;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.new.js
index 95844fcbf2e8d..6c42165a30347 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.new.js
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import {
   SuspenseComponent,
 } from './ReactWorkTags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {enableSchedulingProfiler} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
@@ -153,12 +152,11 @@ function findHostInstance(component: Object): PublicInstance | null {
   const fiber = getInstance(component);
   if (fiber === undefined) {
     if (typeof component.render === 'function') {
-      invariant(false, 'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+      throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        false,
-        'Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: %s',
-        Object.keys(component),
+      const keys = Object.keys(component).join(',');
+      throw new Error(
+        `Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: ${keys}`,
       );
     }
   }
@@ -177,12 +175,11 @@ function findHostInstanceWithWarning(
     const fiber = getInstance(component);
     if (fiber === undefined) {
       if (typeof component.render === 'function') {
-        invariant(false, 'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+        throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
       } else {
-        invariant(
-          false,
-          'Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: %s',
-          Object.keys(component),
+        const keys = Object.keys(component).join(',');
+        throw new Error(
+          `Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: ${keys}`,
         );
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.old.js
index 802b1bc97111b..7693cc7fe4006 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler.old.js
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import {
   SuspenseComponent,
 } from './ReactWorkTags';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {enableSchedulingProfiler} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
@@ -153,12 +152,11 @@ function findHostInstance(component: Object): PublicInstance | null {
   const fiber = getInstance(component);
   if (fiber === undefined) {
     if (typeof component.render === 'function') {
-      invariant(false, 'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+      throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        false,
-        'Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: %s',
-        Object.keys(component),
+      const keys = Object.keys(component).join(',');
+      throw new Error(
+        `Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: ${keys}`,
       );
     }
   }
@@ -177,12 +175,11 @@ function findHostInstanceWithWarning(
     const fiber = getInstance(component);
     if (fiber === undefined) {
       if (typeof component.render === 'function') {
-        invariant(false, 'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+        throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
       } else {
-        invariant(
-          false,
-          'Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: %s',
-          Object.keys(component),
+        const keys = Object.keys(component).join(',');
+        throw new Error(
+          `Argument appears to not be a ReactComponent. Keys: ${keys}`,
         );
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.new.js
index 78e88f125a1aa..85728d96bb730 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.new.js
@@ -474,7 +474,8 @@ function throwException(
       return;
     } else {
       // No boundary was found. Fallthrough to error mode.
-      // TODO: Use invariant so the message is stripped in prod?
+      // TODO: We should never call getComponentNameFromFiber in production.
+      // Log a warning or something to prevent us from accidentally bundling it.
       value = new Error(
         (getComponentNameFromFiber(sourceFiber) || 'A React component') +
           ' suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.old.js
index d2d39793a3bc0..27b0719ba8532 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.old.js
@@ -474,7 +474,8 @@ function throwException(
       return;
     } else {
       // No boundary was found. Fallthrough to error mode.
-      // TODO: Use invariant so the message is stripped in prod?
+      // TODO: We should never call getComponentNameFromFiber in production.
+      // Log a warning or something to prevent us from accidentally bundling it.
       value = new Error(
         (getComponentNameFromFiber(sourceFiber) || 'A React component') +
           ' suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberTreeReflection.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberTreeReflection.js
index 510c58eaf2b31..4aa5a203ae3a9 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberTreeReflection.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberTreeReflection.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import type {Fiber} from './ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {Container, SuspenseInstance} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 import type {SuspenseState} from './ReactFiberSuspenseComponent.old';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import {get as getInstance} from 'shared/ReactInstanceMap';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
 import getComponentNameFromFiber from 'react-reconciler/src/getComponentNameFromFiber';
@@ -116,10 +114,9 @@ export function isMounted(component: React$Component<any, any>): boolean {
 }
 
 function assertIsMounted(fiber) {
-  invariant(
-    getNearestMountedFiber(fiber) === fiber,
-    'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.',
-  );
+  if (getNearestMountedFiber(fiber) !== fiber) {
+    throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+  }
 }
 
 export function findCurrentFiberUsingSlowPath(fiber: Fiber): Fiber | null {
@@ -127,10 +124,11 @@ export function findCurrentFiberUsingSlowPath(fiber: Fiber): Fiber | null {
   if (!alternate) {
     // If there is no alternate, then we only need to check if it is mounted.
     const nearestMounted = getNearestMountedFiber(fiber);
-    invariant(
-      nearestMounted !== null,
-      'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.',
-    );
+
+    if (nearestMounted === null) {
+      throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+    }
+
     if (nearestMounted !== fiber) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -180,9 +178,10 @@ export function findCurrentFiberUsingSlowPath(fiber: Fiber): Fiber | null {
         }
         child = child.sibling;
       }
+
       // We should never have an alternate for any mounting node. So the only
       // way this could possibly happen is if this was unmounted, if at all.
-      invariant(false, 'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+      throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
     }
 
     if (a.return !== b.return) {
@@ -233,26 +232,30 @@ export function findCurrentFiberUsingSlowPath(fiber: Fiber): Fiber | null {
           }
           child = child.sibling;
         }
-        invariant(
-          didFindChild,
-          'Child was not found in either parent set. This indicates a bug ' +
-            'in React related to the return pointer. Please file an issue.',
-        );
+
+        if (!didFindChild) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Child was not found in either parent set. This indicates a bug ' +
+              'in React related to the return pointer. Please file an issue.',
+          );
+        }
       }
     }
 
-    invariant(
-      a.alternate === b,
-      "Return fibers should always be each others' alternates. " +
-        'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+    if (a.alternate !== b) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Return fibers should always be each others' alternates. " +
+          'This error is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
   }
+
   // If the root is not a host container, we're in a disconnected tree. I.e.
   // unmounted.
-  invariant(
-    a.tag === HostRoot,
-    'Unable to find node on an unmounted component.',
-  );
+  if (a.tag !== HostRoot) {
+    throw new Error('Unable to find node on an unmounted component.');
+  }
+
   if (a.stateNode.current === a) {
     // We've determined that A is the current branch.
     return fiber;
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.new.js
index 152837286f5d2..ba8bd4b573957 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.new.js
@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ import {
 } from './ReactFiberCacheComponent.new';
 import {transferActualDuration} from './ReactProfilerTimer.new';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
   switch (workInProgress.tag) {
     case ClassComponent: {
@@ -85,11 +83,14 @@ function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
       popTopLevelLegacyContextObject(workInProgress);
       resetMutableSourceWorkInProgressVersions();
       const flags = workInProgress.flags;
-      invariant(
-        (flags & DidCapture) === NoFlags,
-        'The root failed to unmount after an error. This is likely a bug in ' +
-          'React. Please file an issue.',
-      );
+
+      if ((flags & DidCapture) !== NoFlags) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'The root failed to unmount after an error. This is likely a bug in ' +
+            'React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+
       workInProgress.flags = (flags & ~ShouldCapture) | DidCapture;
       return workInProgress;
     }
@@ -104,11 +105,13 @@ function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
         const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState =
           workInProgress.memoizedState;
         if (suspenseState !== null && suspenseState.dehydrated !== null) {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.alternate !== null,
-            'Threw in newly mounted dehydrated component. This is likely a bug in ' +
-              'React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.alternate === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'Threw in newly mounted dehydrated component. This is likely a bug in ' +
+                'React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
+
           resetHydrationState();
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.old.js
index 88861db778be3..ad8e479700db0 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberUnwindWork.old.js
@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ import {
 } from './ReactFiberCacheComponent.old';
 import {transferActualDuration} from './ReactProfilerTimer.old';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
   switch (workInProgress.tag) {
     case ClassComponent: {
@@ -85,11 +83,14 @@ function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
       popTopLevelLegacyContextObject(workInProgress);
       resetMutableSourceWorkInProgressVersions();
       const flags = workInProgress.flags;
-      invariant(
-        (flags & DidCapture) === NoFlags,
-        'The root failed to unmount after an error. This is likely a bug in ' +
-          'React. Please file an issue.',
-      );
+
+      if ((flags & DidCapture) !== NoFlags) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'The root failed to unmount after an error. This is likely a bug in ' +
+            'React. Please file an issue.',
+        );
+      }
+
       workInProgress.flags = (flags & ~ShouldCapture) | DidCapture;
       return workInProgress;
     }
@@ -104,11 +105,13 @@ function unwindWork(workInProgress: Fiber, renderLanes: Lanes) {
         const suspenseState: null | SuspenseState =
           workInProgress.memoizedState;
         if (suspenseState !== null && suspenseState.dehydrated !== null) {
-          invariant(
-            workInProgress.alternate !== null,
-            'Threw in newly mounted dehydrated component. This is likely a bug in ' +
-              'React. Please file an issue.',
-          );
+          if (workInProgress.alternate === null) {
+            throw new Error(
+              'Threw in newly mounted dehydrated component. This is likely a bug in ' +
+                'React. Please file an issue.',
+            );
+          }
+
           resetHydrationState();
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.new.js
index 830ae6500663e..aaeac5fdb22e1 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.new.js
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import {
   warnOnSubscriptionInsideStartTransition,
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 
 import {
@@ -737,10 +736,9 @@ function performConcurrentWorkOnRoot(root, didTimeout) {
   currentEventTime = NoTimestamp;
   currentEventTransitionLane = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   // Flush any pending passive effects before deciding which lanes to work on,
   // in case they schedule additional work.
@@ -878,7 +876,7 @@ function finishConcurrentRender(root, exitStatus, lanes) {
   switch (exitStatus) {
     case RootIncomplete:
     case RootFatalErrored: {
-      invariant(false, 'Root did not complete. This is a bug in React.');
+      throw new Error('Root did not complete. This is a bug in React.');
     }
     // Flow knows about invariant, so it complains if I add a break
     // statement, but eslint doesn't know about invariant, so it complains
@@ -981,7 +979,7 @@ function finishConcurrentRender(root, exitStatus, lanes) {
       break;
     }
     default: {
-      invariant(false, 'Unknown root exit status.');
+      throw new Error('Unknown root exit status.');
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1055,10 +1053,9 @@ function performSyncWorkOnRoot(root) {
     syncNestedUpdateFlag();
   }
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   flushPassiveEffects();
 
@@ -1525,8 +1522,7 @@ function renderRootSync(root: FiberRoot, lanes: Lanes) {
 
   if (workInProgress !== null) {
     // This is a sync render, so we should have finished the whole tree.
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Cannot commit an incomplete root. This error is likely caused by a ' +
         'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -1796,10 +1792,9 @@ function commitRootImpl(root, renderPriorityLevel) {
   } while (rootWithPendingPassiveEffects !== null);
   flushRenderPhaseStrictModeWarningsInDEV();
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   const finishedWork = root.finishedWork;
   const lanes = root.finishedLanes;
@@ -1839,11 +1834,12 @@ function commitRootImpl(root, renderPriorityLevel) {
   root.finishedWork = null;
   root.finishedLanes = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    finishedWork !== root.current,
-    'Cannot commit the same tree as before. This error is likely caused by ' +
-      'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+  if (finishedWork === root.current) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Cannot commit the same tree as before. This error is likely caused by ' +
+        'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   // commitRoot never returns a continuation; it always finishes synchronously.
   // So we can clear these now to allow a new callback to be scheduled.
@@ -2154,10 +2150,9 @@ function flushPassiveEffectsImpl() {
   // because it's only used for profiling), but it's a refactor hazard.
   pendingPassiveEffectsLanes = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Cannot flush passive effects while already rendering.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Cannot flush passive effects while already rendering.');
+  }
 
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (enableDebugTracing) {
@@ -2418,8 +2413,7 @@ export function resolveRetryWakeable(boundaryFiber: Fiber, wakeable: Wakeable) {
         retryCache = boundaryFiber.stateNode;
         break;
       default:
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'Pinged unknown suspense boundary type. ' +
             'This is probably a bug in React.',
         );
@@ -2466,8 +2460,8 @@ function checkForNestedUpdates() {
   if (nestedUpdateCount > NESTED_UPDATE_LIMIT) {
     nestedUpdateCount = 0;
     rootWithNestedUpdates = null;
-    invariant(
-      false,
+
+    throw new Error(
       'Maximum update depth exceeded. This can happen when a component ' +
         'repeatedly calls setState inside componentWillUpdate or ' +
         'componentDidUpdate. React limits the number of nested updates to ' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.old.js
index 9cfea1563a18e..67984298a5dea 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.old.js
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import {
   warnOnSubscriptionInsideStartTransition,
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 
 import {
@@ -737,10 +736,9 @@ function performConcurrentWorkOnRoot(root, didTimeout) {
   currentEventTime = NoTimestamp;
   currentEventTransitionLane = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   // Flush any pending passive effects before deciding which lanes to work on,
   // in case they schedule additional work.
@@ -878,7 +876,7 @@ function finishConcurrentRender(root, exitStatus, lanes) {
   switch (exitStatus) {
     case RootIncomplete:
     case RootFatalErrored: {
-      invariant(false, 'Root did not complete. This is a bug in React.');
+      throw new Error('Root did not complete. This is a bug in React.');
     }
     // Flow knows about invariant, so it complains if I add a break
     // statement, but eslint doesn't know about invariant, so it complains
@@ -981,7 +979,7 @@ function finishConcurrentRender(root, exitStatus, lanes) {
       break;
     }
     default: {
-      invariant(false, 'Unknown root exit status.');
+      throw new Error('Unknown root exit status.');
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1055,10 +1053,9 @@ function performSyncWorkOnRoot(root) {
     syncNestedUpdateFlag();
   }
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   flushPassiveEffects();
 
@@ -1525,8 +1522,7 @@ function renderRootSync(root: FiberRoot, lanes: Lanes) {
 
   if (workInProgress !== null) {
     // This is a sync render, so we should have finished the whole tree.
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Cannot commit an incomplete root. This error is likely caused by a ' +
         'bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
@@ -1796,10 +1792,9 @@ function commitRootImpl(root, renderPriorityLevel) {
   } while (rootWithPendingPassiveEffects !== null);
   flushRenderPhaseStrictModeWarningsInDEV();
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Should not already be working.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Should not already be working.');
+  }
 
   const finishedWork = root.finishedWork;
   const lanes = root.finishedLanes;
@@ -1839,11 +1834,12 @@ function commitRootImpl(root, renderPriorityLevel) {
   root.finishedWork = null;
   root.finishedLanes = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    finishedWork !== root.current,
-    'Cannot commit the same tree as before. This error is likely caused by ' +
-      'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-  );
+  if (finishedWork === root.current) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Cannot commit the same tree as before. This error is likely caused by ' +
+        'a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+    );
+  }
 
   // commitRoot never returns a continuation; it always finishes synchronously.
   // So we can clear these now to allow a new callback to be scheduled.
@@ -2154,10 +2150,9 @@ function flushPassiveEffectsImpl() {
   // because it's only used for profiling), but it's a refactor hazard.
   pendingPassiveEffectsLanes = NoLanes;
 
-  invariant(
-    (executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) === NoContext,
-    'Cannot flush passive effects while already rendering.',
-  );
+  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
+    throw new Error('Cannot flush passive effects while already rendering.');
+  }
 
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (enableDebugTracing) {
@@ -2418,8 +2413,7 @@ export function resolveRetryWakeable(boundaryFiber: Fiber, wakeable: Wakeable) {
         retryCache = boundaryFiber.stateNode;
         break;
       default:
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'Pinged unknown suspense boundary type. ' +
             'This is probably a bug in React.',
         );
@@ -2466,8 +2460,8 @@ function checkForNestedUpdates() {
   if (nestedUpdateCount > NESTED_UPDATE_LIMIT) {
     nestedUpdateCount = 0;
     rootWithNestedUpdates = null;
-    invariant(
-      false,
+
+    throw new Error(
       'Maximum update depth exceeded. This can happen when a component ' +
         'repeatedly calls setState inside componentWillUpdate or ' +
         'componentDidUpdate. React limits the number of nested updates to ' +
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactTestSelectors.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactTestSelectors.js
index 58e888c168585..adadc8ed73e80 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactTestSelectors.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactTestSelectors.js
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import type {Fiber} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {Instance} from './ReactFiberHostConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {HostComponent, HostText} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactWorkTags';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
 import {
@@ -116,17 +115,22 @@ export function createTestNameSelector(id: string): TestNameSelector {
 function findFiberRootForHostRoot(hostRoot: Instance): Fiber {
   const maybeFiber = getInstanceFromNode((hostRoot: any));
   if (maybeFiber != null) {
-    invariant(
-      typeof maybeFiber.memoizedProps['data-testname'] === 'string',
-      'Invalid host root specified. Should be either a React container or a node with a testname attribute.',
-    );
+    if (typeof maybeFiber.memoizedProps['data-testname'] !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Invalid host root specified. Should be either a React container or a node with a testname attribute.',
+      );
+    }
+
     return ((maybeFiber: any): Fiber);
   } else {
     const fiberRoot = findFiberRoot(hostRoot);
-    invariant(
-      fiberRoot !== null,
-      'Could not find React container within specified host subtree.',
-    );
+
+    if (fiberRoot === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Could not find React container within specified host subtree.',
+      );
+    }
+
     // The Flow type for FiberRoot is a little funky.
     // createFiberRoot() cheats this by treating the root as :any and adding stateNode lazily.
     return ((fiberRoot: any).stateNode.current: Fiber);
@@ -179,8 +183,7 @@ function matchSelector(fiber: Fiber, selector: Selector): boolean {
       }
       break;
     default:
-      invariant(null, 'Invalid selector type %s specified.', selector);
-      break;
+      throw new Error('Invalid selector type specified.');
   }
 
   return false;
@@ -200,11 +203,8 @@ function selectorToString(selector: Selector): string | null {
     case TEST_NAME_TYPE:
       return `[data-testname="${((selector: any): TestNameSelector).value}"]`;
     default:
-      invariant(null, 'Invalid selector type %s specified.', selector);
-      break;
+      throw new Error('Invalid selector type specified.');
   }
-
-  return null;
 }
 
 function findPaths(root: Fiber, selectors: Array<Selector>): Array<Fiber> {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ export function findAllNodes(
   selectors: Array<Selector>,
 ): Array<Instance> {
   if (!supportsTestSelectors) {
-    invariant(false, 'Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
+    throw new Error('Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
   }
 
   const root = findFiberRootForHostRoot(hostRoot);
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ export function getFindAllNodesFailureDescription(
   selectors: Array<Selector>,
 ): string | null {
   if (!supportsTestSelectors) {
-    invariant(false, 'Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
+    throw new Error('Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
   }
 
   const root = findFiberRootForHostRoot(hostRoot);
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ export function findBoundingRects(
   selectors: Array<Selector>,
 ): Array<BoundingRect> {
   if (!supportsTestSelectors) {
-    invariant(false, 'Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
+    throw new Error('Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
   }
 
   const instanceRoots = findAllNodes(hostRoot, selectors);
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ export function focusWithin(
   selectors: Array<Selector>,
 ): boolean {
   if (!supportsTestSelectors) {
-    invariant(false, 'Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
+    throw new Error('Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
   }
 
   const root = findFiberRootForHostRoot(hostRoot);
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ export function observeVisibleRects(
   options?: IntersectionObserverOptions,
 ): {|disconnect: () => void|} {
   if (!supportsTestSelectors) {
-    invariant(false, 'Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
+    throw new Error('Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.');
   }
 
   const instanceRoots = findAllNodes(hostRoot, selectors);
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.new.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.new.js
index cbfe307b903f2..c9a980890a0ad 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.new.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.new.js
@@ -112,8 +112,6 @@ import {
 import {pushInterleavedQueue} from './ReactFiberInterleavedUpdates.new';
 import {setIsStrictModeForDevtools} from './ReactFiberDevToolsHook.new';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 export type Update<State> = {|
   // TODO: Temporary field. Will remove this by storing a map of
   // transition -> event time on the root.
@@ -656,12 +654,13 @@ export function processUpdateQueue<State>(
 }
 
 function callCallback(callback, context) {
-  invariant(
-    typeof callback === 'function',
-    'Invalid argument passed as callback. Expected a function. Instead ' +
-      'received: %s',
-    callback,
-  );
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid argument passed as callback. Expected a function. Instead ' +
+        `received: ${callback}`,
+    );
+  }
+
   callback.call(context);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.old.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.old.js
index ece4321d6bfdb..9ef09b17efd10 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.old.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.old.js
@@ -112,8 +112,6 @@ import {
 import {pushInterleavedQueue} from './ReactFiberInterleavedUpdates.old';
 import {setIsStrictModeForDevtools} from './ReactFiberDevToolsHook.old';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 export type Update<State> = {|
   // TODO: Temporary field. Will remove this by storing a map of
   // transition -> event time on the root.
@@ -656,12 +654,13 @@ export function processUpdateQueue<State>(
 }
 
 function callCallback(callback, context) {
-  invariant(
-    typeof callback === 'function',
-    'Invalid argument passed as callback. Expected a function. Instead ' +
-      'received: %s',
-    callback,
-  );
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid argument passed as callback. Expected a function. Instead ' +
+        `received: ${callback}`,
+    );
+  }
+
   callback.call(context);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.native.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.native.js
index f0bd70db61426..33fc912b90e6c 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.native.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.native.js
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@ import {ClassComponent} from '../ReactWorkTags';
 // Module provided by RN:
 import {ReactFiberErrorDialog as RNImpl} from 'react-native/Libraries/ReactPrivate/ReactNativePrivateInterface';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
-invariant(
-  typeof RNImpl.showErrorDialog === 'function',
-  'Expected ReactFiberErrorDialog.showErrorDialog to be a function.',
-);
+if (typeof RNImpl.showErrorDialog !== 'function') {
+  throw new Error(
+    'Expected ReactFiberErrorDialog.showErrorDialog to be a function.',
+  );
+}
 
 export function showErrorDialog(
   boundary: Fiber,
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.www.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.www.js
index f0a9d92593b1a..617e8afbde90e 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.www.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/forks/ReactFiberErrorDialog.www.js
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import type {CapturedValue} from '../ReactCapturedValue';
 
 import {ClassComponent} from '../ReactWorkTags';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Provided by www
 const ReactFiberErrorDialogWWW = require('ReactFiberErrorDialog');
-invariant(
-  typeof ReactFiberErrorDialogWWW.showErrorDialog === 'function',
-  'Expected ReactFiberErrorDialog.showErrorDialog to be a function.',
-);
+
+if (typeof ReactFiberErrorDialogWWW.showErrorDialog !== 'function') {
+  throw new Error(
+    'Expected ReactFiberErrorDialog.showErrorDialog to be a function.',
+  );
+}
 
 export function showErrorDialog(
   boundary: Fiber,
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzContext.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzContext.js
index 7837d15753d49..3834a6f1076ff 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzContext.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzContext.js
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 import {disableLegacyContext} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import checkPropTypes from 'shared/checkPropTypes';
 
 let warnedAboutMissingGetChildContext;
@@ -77,12 +76,12 @@ export function processChildContext(
 
     const childContext = instance.getChildContext();
     for (const contextKey in childContext) {
-      invariant(
-        contextKey in childContextTypes,
-        '%s.getChildContext(): key "%s" is not defined in childContextTypes.',
-        getComponentNameFromType(type) || 'Unknown',
-        contextKey,
-      );
+      if (!(contextKey in childContextTypes)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `${getComponentNameFromType(type) ||
+            'Unknown'}.getChildContext(): key "${contextKey}" is not defined in childContextTypes.`,
+        );
+      }
     }
     if (__DEV__) {
       const name = getComponentNameFromType(type) || 'Unknown';
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzHooks.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzHooks.js
index 860dc63962dab..6370f61b37735 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzHooks.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzHooks.js
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import {readContext as readContextImpl} from './ReactFizzNewContext';
 
 import {makeServerID} from './ReactServerFormatConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {enableCache} from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
 
@@ -64,15 +63,17 @@ let isInHookUserCodeInDev = false;
 let currentHookNameInDev: ?string;
 
 function resolveCurrentlyRenderingComponent(): Object {
-  invariant(
-    currentlyRenderingComponent !== null,
-    'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
-      ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
-      '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
-      '2. You might be breaking the Rules of Hooks\n' +
-      '3. You might have more than one copy of React in the same app\n' +
-      'See https://reactjs.org/link/invalid-hook-call for tips about how to debug and fix this problem.',
-  );
+  if (currentlyRenderingComponent === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +
+        ' one of the following reasons:\n' +
+        '1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)\n' +
+        '2. You might be breaking the Rules of Hooks\n' +
+        '3. You might have more than one copy of React in the same app\n' +
+        'See https://reactjs.org/link/invalid-hook-call for tips about how to debug and fix this problem.',
+    );
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (isInHookUserCodeInDev) {
       console.error(
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ function areHookInputsEqual(
 
 function createHook(): Hook {
   if (numberOfReRenders > 0) {
-    invariant(false, 'Rendered more hooks than during the previous render');
+    throw new Error('Rendered more hooks than during the previous render');
   }
   return {
     memoizedState: null,
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ export function resetHooksState(): void {
 function getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
   // TODO: This should silently mark this as client rendered since it's not necesssarily
   // considered an error. It needs to work for things like Flight though.
-  invariant(false, 'Not implemented.');
+  throw new Error('Not implemented.');
 }
 
 function readContext<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): T {
@@ -406,11 +407,12 @@ function dispatchAction<A>(
   queue: UpdateQueue<A>,
   action: A,
 ) {
-  invariant(
-    numberOfReRenders < RE_RENDER_LIMIT,
-    'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
-      'an infinite loop.',
-  );
+  if (numberOfReRenders >= RE_RENDER_LIMIT) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Too many re-renders. React limits the number of renders to prevent ' +
+        'an infinite loop.',
+    );
+  }
 
   if (componentIdentity === currentlyRenderingComponent) {
     // This is a render phase update. Stash it in a lazily-created map of
@@ -467,8 +469,7 @@ function useSyncExternalStore<T>(
   getServerSnapshot?: () => T,
 ): T {
   if (getServerSnapshot === undefined) {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for ' +
         'server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.',
     );
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@ function useDeferredValue<T>(value: T): T {
 }
 
 function unsupportedStartTransition() {
-  invariant(false, 'startTransition cannot be called during server rendering.');
+  throw new Error('startTransition cannot be called during server rendering.');
 }
 
 function useTransition(): [boolean, (callback: () => void) => void] {
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ function useOpaqueIdentifier(): OpaqueIDType {
 }
 
 function unsupportedRefresh() {
-  invariant(false, 'Cache cannot be refreshed during server rendering.');
+  throw new Error('Cache cannot be refreshed during server rendering.');
 }
 
 function useCacheRefresh(): <T>(?() => T, ?T) => void {
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzNewContext.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzNewContext.js
index 43f364717d81f..0cb879ef780d6 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzNewContext.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzNewContext.js
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import type {ReactContext} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 
 import {isPrimaryRenderer} from './ReactServerFormatConfig';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 let rendererSigil;
 if (__DEV__) {
   // Use this to detect multiple renderers using the same context
@@ -67,15 +65,18 @@ function popToNearestCommonAncestor(
     const parentPrev = prev.parent;
     const parentNext = next.parent;
     if (parentPrev === null) {
-      invariant(
-        parentNext === null,
-        'The stacks must reach the root at the same time. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+      if (parentNext !== null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'The stacks must reach the root at the same time. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        parentNext !== null,
-        'The stacks must reach the root at the same time. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+      if (parentNext === null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'The stacks must reach the root at the same time. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       popToNearestCommonAncestor(parentPrev, parentNext);
       // On the way back, we push the new ones that weren't common.
       pushNode(next);
@@ -105,10 +106,13 @@ function popPreviousToCommonLevel(
 ): void {
   popNode(prev);
   const parentPrev = prev.parent;
-  invariant(
-    parentPrev !== null,
-    'The depth must equal at least at zero before reaching the root. This is a bug in React.',
-  );
+
+  if (parentPrev === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The depth must equal at least at zero before reaching the root. This is a bug in React.',
+    );
+  }
+
   if (parentPrev.depth === next.depth) {
     // We found the same level. Now we just need to find a shared ancestor.
     popToNearestCommonAncestor(parentPrev, next);
@@ -123,10 +127,13 @@ function popNextToCommonLevel(
   next: ContextNode<any>,
 ): void {
   const parentNext = next.parent;
-  invariant(
-    parentNext !== null,
-    'The depth must equal at least at zero before reaching the root. This is a bug in React.',
-  );
+
+  if (parentNext === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The depth must equal at least at zero before reaching the root. This is a bug in React.',
+    );
+  }
+
   if (prev.depth === parentNext.depth) {
     // We found the same level. Now we just need to find a shared ancestor.
     popToNearestCommonAncestor(prev, parentNext);
@@ -221,10 +228,13 @@ export function pushProvider<T>(
 
 export function popProvider<T>(context: ReactContext<T>): ContextSnapshot {
   const prevSnapshot = currentActiveSnapshot;
-  invariant(
-    prevSnapshot !== null,
-    'Tried to pop a Context at the root of the app. This is a bug in React.',
-  );
+
+  if (prevSnapshot === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Tried to pop a Context at the root of the app. This is a bug in React.',
+    );
+  }
+
   if (__DEV__) {
     if (prevSnapshot.context !== context) {
       console.error(
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzServer.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzServer.js
index e9396c861ee4c..4ab2f06d518db 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzServer.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFizzServer.js
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ import {
 } from 'shared/ReactFeatureFlags';
 
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 const ReactCurrentDispatcher = ReactSharedInternals.ReactCurrentDispatcher;
@@ -984,7 +983,7 @@ function renderElement(
         renderNodeDestructive(request, task, props.children);
         return;
       }
-      invariant(false, 'ReactDOMServer does not yet support scope components.');
+      throw new Error('ReactDOMServer does not yet support scope components.');
     }
     // eslint-disable-next-line-no-fallthrough
     case REACT_SUSPENSE_TYPE: {
@@ -1039,13 +1038,11 @@ function renderElement(
         'named imports.';
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
+
+  throw new Error(
     'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in ' +
       'components) or a class/function (for composite components) ' +
-      'but got: %s.%s',
-    type == null ? type : typeof type,
-    info,
+      `but got: ${type == null ? type : typeof type}.${info}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -1106,8 +1103,7 @@ function renderNodeDestructive(
         return;
       }
       case REACT_PORTAL_TYPE:
-        invariant(
-          false,
+        throw new Error(
           'Portals are not currently supported by the server renderer. ' +
             'Render them conditionally so that they only appear on the client render.',
         );
@@ -1157,14 +1153,15 @@ function renderNodeDestructive(
     }
 
     const childString = Object.prototype.toString.call(node);
-    invariant(
-      false,
-      'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s). ' +
+
+    throw new Error(
+      `Objects are not valid as a React child (found: ${
+        childString === '[object Object]'
+          ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(node).join(', ') + '}'
+          : childString
+      }). ` +
         'If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array ' +
         'instead.',
-      childString === '[object Object]'
-        ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(node).join(', ') + '}'
-        : childString,
     );
   }
 
@@ -1370,10 +1367,12 @@ function finishedTask(
 ) {
   if (boundary === null) {
     if (segment.parentFlushed) {
-      invariant(
-        request.completedRootSegment === null,
-        'There can only be one root segment. This is a bug in React.',
-      );
+      if (request.completedRootSegment !== null) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'There can only be one root segment. This is a bug in React.',
+        );
+      }
+
       request.completedRootSegment = segment;
     }
     request.pendingRootTasks--;
@@ -1557,8 +1556,7 @@ function flushSubtree(
       return r;
     }
     default: {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Aborted, errored or already flushed boundaries should not be flushed again. This is a bug in React.',
       );
     }
@@ -1640,10 +1638,13 @@ function flushSegment(
     writeStartCompletedSuspenseBoundary(destination, request.responseState);
 
     const completedSegments = boundary.completedSegments;
-    invariant(
-      completedSegments.length === 1,
-      'A previously unvisited boundary must have exactly one root segment. This is a bug in React.',
-    );
+
+    if (completedSegments.length !== 1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'A previously unvisited boundary must have exactly one root segment. This is a bug in React.',
+      );
+    }
+
     const contentSegment = completedSegments[0];
     flushSegment(request, destination, contentSegment);
 
@@ -1741,10 +1742,13 @@ function flushPartiallyCompletedSegment(
     // This segment wasn't previously referred to. This happens at the root of
     // a boundary. We make kind of a leap here and assume this is the root.
     const rootSegmentID = (segment.id = boundary.rootSegmentID);
-    invariant(
-      rootSegmentID !== -1,
-      'A root segment ID must have been assigned by now. This is a bug in React.',
-    );
+
+    if (rootSegmentID === -1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'A root segment ID must have been assigned by now. This is a bug in React.',
+      );
+    }
+
     return flushSegmentContainer(request, destination, segment);
   } else {
     flushSegmentContainer(request, destination, segment);
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServer.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServer.js
index 8247a904ec997..7bd7a95c25611 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServer.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServer.js
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import {
 } from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 
 type ReactJSONValue =
@@ -141,8 +140,7 @@ function attemptResolveElement(
     // When the ref moves to the regular props object this will implicitly
     // throw for functions. We could probably relax it to a DEV warning for other
     // cases.
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'Refs cannot be used in server components, nor passed to client components.',
     );
   }
@@ -178,10 +176,8 @@ function attemptResolveElement(
       }
     }
   }
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Unsupported server component type: %s',
-    describeValueForErrorMessage(type),
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unsupported server component type: ${describeValueForErrorMessage(type)}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -395,8 +391,7 @@ export function resolveModelToJSON(
     case REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE:
       return '$';
     case REACT_LAZY_TYPE:
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'React Lazy Components are not yet supported on the server.',
       );
   }
@@ -537,23 +532,25 @@ export function resolveModelToJSON(
 
   if (typeof value === 'function') {
     if (/^on[A-Z]/.test(key)) {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Event handlers cannot be passed to client component props. ' +
-          'Remove %s from these props if possible: %s\n' +
+          `Remove ${describeKeyForErrorMessage(
+            key,
+          )} from these props if possible: ${describeObjectForErrorMessage(
+            parent,
+          )}
+` +
           'If you need interactivity, consider converting part of this to a client component.',
-        describeKeyForErrorMessage(key),
-        describeObjectForErrorMessage(parent),
       );
     } else {
-      invariant(
-        false,
+      throw new Error(
         'Functions cannot be passed directly to client components ' +
           "because they're not serializable. " +
-          'Remove %s (%s) from this object, or avoid the entire object: %s',
-        describeKeyForErrorMessage(key),
-        value.displayName || value.name || 'function',
-        describeObjectForErrorMessage(parent),
+          `Remove ${describeKeyForErrorMessage(key)} (${value.displayName ||
+            value.name ||
+            'function'}) from this object, or avoid the entire object: ${describeObjectForErrorMessage(
+            parent,
+          )}`,
       );
     }
   }
@@ -565,15 +562,19 @@ export function resolveModelToJSON(
       return serializeByValueID(existingId);
     }
     const name = value.description;
-    invariant(
-      Symbol.for(name) === value,
-      'Only global symbols received from Symbol.for(...) can be passed to client components. ' +
-        'The symbol Symbol.for(%s) cannot be found among global symbols. ' +
-        'Remove %s from this object, or avoid the entire object: %s',
-      value.description,
-      describeKeyForErrorMessage(key),
-      describeObjectForErrorMessage(parent),
-    );
+
+    if (Symbol.for(name) !== value) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Only global symbols received from Symbol.for(...) can be passed to client components. ' +
+          `The symbol Symbol.for(${value.description}) cannot be found among global symbols. ` +
+          `Remove ${describeKeyForErrorMessage(
+            key,
+          )} from this object, or avoid the entire object: ${describeObjectForErrorMessage(
+            parent,
+          )}`,
+      );
+    }
+
     request.pendingChunks++;
     const symbolId = request.nextChunkId++;
     emitSymbolChunk(request, symbolId, name);
@@ -583,23 +584,23 @@ export function resolveModelToJSON(
 
   // $FlowFixMe: bigint isn't added to Flow yet.
   if (typeof value === 'bigint') {
-    invariant(
-      false,
-      'BigInt (%s) is not yet supported in client component props. ' +
-        'Remove %s from this object or use a plain number instead: %s',
-      value,
-      describeKeyForErrorMessage(key),
-      describeObjectForErrorMessage(parent),
+    throw new Error(
+      `BigInt (${value}) is not yet supported in client component props. ` +
+        `Remove ${describeKeyForErrorMessage(
+          key,
+        )} from this object or use a plain number instead: ${describeObjectForErrorMessage(
+          parent,
+        )}`,
     );
   }
 
-  invariant(
-    false,
-    'Type %s is not supported in client component props. ' +
-      'Remove %s from this object, or avoid the entire object: %s',
-    typeof value,
-    describeKeyForErrorMessage(key),
-    describeObjectForErrorMessage(parent),
+  throw new Error(
+    `Type ${typeof value} is not supported in client component props. ` +
+      `Remove ${describeKeyForErrorMessage(
+        key,
+      )} from this object, or avoid the entire object: ${describeObjectForErrorMessage(
+        parent,
+      )}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -799,14 +800,15 @@ export function startFlowing(request: Request, destination: Destination): void {
 }
 
 function unsupportedHook(): void {
-  invariant(false, 'This Hook is not supported in Server Components.');
+  throw new Error('This Hook is not supported in Server Components.');
 }
 
 function unsupportedRefresh(): void {
-  invariant(
-    currentCache,
-    'Refreshing the cache is not supported in Server Components.',
-  );
+  if (!currentCache) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Refreshing the cache is not supported in Server Components.',
+    );
+  }
 }
 
 let currentCache: Map<Function, mixed> | null = null;
@@ -822,10 +824,10 @@ const Dispatcher: DispatcherType = {
   useDeferredValue: (unsupportedHook: any),
   useTransition: (unsupportedHook: any),
   getCacheForType<T>(resourceType: () => T): T {
-    invariant(
-      currentCache,
-      'Reading the cache is only supported while rendering.',
-    );
+    if (!currentCache) {
+      throw new Error('Reading the cache is only supported while rendering.');
+    }
+
     let entry: T | void = (currentCache.get(resourceType): any);
     if (entry === undefined) {
       entry = resourceType();
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServerConfig.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServerConfig.js
index 49c9752540528..2829adc569256 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServerConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactFlightServerConfig.js
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-/* eslint-disable react-internal/invariant-args */
-
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 // We expect that our Rollup, Jest, and Flow configurations
 // always shim this module with the corresponding host config
@@ -19,4 +17,4 @@ import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // sure that if we *do* accidentally break the configuration,
 // the failure isn't silent.
 
-invariant(false, 'This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
+throw new Error('This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerFormatConfig.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerFormatConfig.js
index 49c9752540528..2829adc569256 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerFormatConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerFormatConfig.js
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-/* eslint-disable react-internal/invariant-args */
-
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 // We expect that our Rollup, Jest, and Flow configurations
 // always shim this module with the corresponding host config
@@ -19,4 +17,4 @@ import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // sure that if we *do* accidentally break the configuration,
 // the failure isn't silent.
 
-invariant(false, 'This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
+throw new Error('This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerStreamConfig.js b/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerStreamConfig.js
index 49c9752540528..2829adc569256 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerStreamConfig.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/ReactServerStreamConfig.js
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-/* eslint-disable react-internal/invariant-args */
-
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 // We expect that our Rollup, Jest, and Flow configurations
 // always shim this module with the corresponding host config
@@ -19,4 +17,4 @@ import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 // sure that if we *do* accidentally break the configuration,
 // the failure isn't silent.
 
-invariant(false, 'This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
+throw new Error('This module must be shimmed by a specific renderer.');
diff --git a/packages/react-suspense-test-utils/src/ReactSuspenseTestUtils.js b/packages/react-suspense-test-utils/src/ReactSuspenseTestUtils.js
index b4b57c68b5f56..a3fe873729828 100644
--- a/packages/react-suspense-test-utils/src/ReactSuspenseTestUtils.js
+++ b/packages/react-suspense-test-utils/src/ReactSuspenseTestUtils.js
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@
 
 import type {Dispatcher} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
 import ReactSharedInternals from 'shared/ReactSharedInternals';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
 const ReactCurrentDispatcher = ReactSharedInternals.ReactCurrentDispatcher;
 
 function unsupported() {
-  invariant(false, 'This feature is not supported by ReactSuspenseTestUtils.');
+  throw new Error('This feature is not supported by ReactSuspenseTestUtils.');
 }
 
 export function waitForSuspense<T>(fn: () => T): Promise<T> {
diff --git a/packages/react-test-renderer/src/ReactTestRenderer.js b/packages/react-test-renderer/src/ReactTestRenderer.js
index b6d047e0e4810..2e49968e85ded 100644
--- a/packages/react-test-renderer/src/ReactTestRenderer.js
+++ b/packages/react-test-renderer/src/ReactTestRenderer.js
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ import {
   IncompleteClassComponent,
   ScopeComponent,
 } from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactWorkTags';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
 import ReactVersion from 'shared/ReactVersion';
@@ -219,10 +218,8 @@ function toTree(node: ?Fiber) {
     case ScopeComponent:
       return childrenToTree(node.child);
     default:
-      invariant(
-        false,
-        'toTree() does not yet know how to handle nodes with tag=%s',
-        node.tag,
+      throw new Error(
+        `toTree() does not yet know how to handle nodes with tag=${node.tag}`,
       );
   }
 }
@@ -282,21 +279,25 @@ class ReactTestInstance {
   _currentFiber(): Fiber {
     // Throws if this component has been unmounted.
     const fiber = findCurrentFiberUsingSlowPath(this._fiber);
-    invariant(
-      fiber !== null,
-      "Can't read from currently-mounting component. This error is likely " +
-        'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
-    );
+
+    if (fiber === null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Can't read from currently-mounting component. This error is likely " +
+          'caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
+      );
+    }
+
     return fiber;
   }
 
   constructor(fiber: Fiber) {
-    invariant(
-      validWrapperTypes.has(fiber.tag),
-      'Unexpected object passed to ReactTestInstance constructor (tag: %s). ' +
-        'This is probably a bug in React.',
-      fiber.tag,
-    );
+    if (!validWrapperTypes.has(fiber.tag)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Unexpected object passed to ReactTestInstance constructor (tag: ${fiber.tag}). ` +
+          'This is probably a bug in React.',
+      );
+    }
+
     this._fiber = fiber;
   }
 
@@ -471,7 +472,11 @@ function create(element: React$Element<any>, options: TestRendererOptions) {
     isStrictMode,
     concurrentUpdatesByDefault,
   );
-  invariant(root != null, 'something went wrong');
+
+  if (root == null) {
+    throw new Error('something went wrong');
+  }
+
   updateContainer(element, root, null, null);
 
   const entry = {
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ReactAct.js b/packages/react/src/ReactAct.js
index 586c99d2a3758..25456f7f1ec1e 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ReactAct.js
+++ b/packages/react/src/ReactAct.js
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 import type {Thenable} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 import ReactCurrentActQueue from './ReactCurrentActQueue';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import enqueueTask from 'shared/enqueueTask';
 
 let actScopeDepth = 0;
@@ -151,10 +150,7 @@ export function act<T>(callback: () => T | Thenable<T>): Thenable<T> {
       }
     }
   } else {
-    invariant(
-      false,
-      'act(...) is not supported in production builds of React.',
-    );
+    throw new Error('act(...) is not supported in production builds of React.');
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ReactBaseClasses.js b/packages/react/src/ReactBaseClasses.js
index 94dbd19eb8110..e2a004bcc0467 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ReactBaseClasses.js
+++ b/packages/react/src/ReactBaseClasses.js
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 import ReactNoopUpdateQueue from './ReactNoopUpdateQueue';
 
 const emptyObject = {};
@@ -55,13 +53,17 @@ Component.prototype.isReactComponent = {};
  * @protected
  */
 Component.prototype.setState = function(partialState, callback) {
-  invariant(
-    typeof partialState === 'object' ||
-      typeof partialState === 'function' ||
-      partialState == null,
-    'setState(...): takes an object of state variables to update or a ' +
-      'function which returns an object of state variables.',
-  );
+  if (
+    typeof partialState !== 'object' &&
+    typeof partialState !== 'function' &&
+    partialState != null
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'setState(...): takes an object of state variables to update or a ' +
+        'function which returns an object of state variables.',
+    );
+  }
+
   this.updater.enqueueSetState(this, partialState, callback, 'setState');
 };
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ReactChildren.js b/packages/react/src/ReactChildren.js
index dab75998bb8e0..d0562f53e3bc9 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ReactChildren.js
+++ b/packages/react/src/ReactChildren.js
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 import type {ReactNodeList} from 'shared/ReactTypes';
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import isArray from 'shared/isArray';
 import {
   getIteratorFn,
@@ -205,14 +204,17 @@ function mapIntoArray(
     } else if (type === 'object') {
       // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/safe-string-coercion
       const childrenString = String((children: any));
-      invariant(
-        false,
-        'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s). ' +
+
+      throw new Error(
+        `Objects are not valid as a React child (found: ${
+          childrenString === '[object Object]'
+            ? 'object with keys {' +
+              Object.keys((children: any)).join(', ') +
+              '}'
+            : childrenString
+        }). ` +
           'If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array ' +
           'instead.',
-        childrenString === '[object Object]'
-          ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys((children: any)).join(', ') + '}'
-          : childrenString,
       );
     }
   }
@@ -323,10 +325,12 @@ function toArray(children: ?ReactNodeList): Array<React$Node> {
  * structure.
  */
 function onlyChild<T>(children: T): T {
-  invariant(
-    isValidElement(children),
-    'React.Children.only expected to receive a single React element child.',
-  );
+  if (!isValidElement(children)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'React.Children.only expected to receive a single React element child.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return children;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ReactElement.js b/packages/react/src/ReactElement.js
index 25179e2b2c4f1..e87f31d1ae36c 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ReactElement.js
+++ b/packages/react/src/ReactElement.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
  */
 
 import getComponentNameFromType from 'shared/getComponentNameFromType';
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import {REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 import hasOwnProperty from 'shared/hasOwnProperty';
 import {checkKeyStringCoercion} from 'shared/CheckStringCoercion';
@@ -484,11 +483,11 @@ export function cloneAndReplaceKey(oldElement, newKey) {
  * See https://reactjs.org/docs/react-api.html#cloneelement
  */
 export function cloneElement(element, config, children) {
-  invariant(
-    !(element === null || element === undefined),
-    'React.cloneElement(...): The argument must be a React element, but you passed %s.',
-    element,
-  );
+  if (element === null || element === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `React.cloneElement(...): The argument must be a React element, but you passed ${element}.`,
+    );
+  }
 
   let propName;
 
diff --git a/packages/react/unstable-shared-subset.js b/packages/react/unstable-shared-subset.js
index e2ae4ad2f62d6..a91fe77a1dc0d 100644
--- a/packages/react/unstable-shared-subset.js
+++ b/packages/react/unstable-shared-subset.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
 throw new Error(
   'This entry point is not yet supported outside of experimental channels',
 );
diff --git a/packages/scheduler/src/forks/SchedulerMock.js b/packages/scheduler/src/forks/SchedulerMock.js
index 21c258a6b528c..5f7c8dc8e83aa 100644
--- a/packages/scheduler/src/forks/SchedulerMock.js
+++ b/packages/scheduler/src/forks/SchedulerMock.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 /* eslint-disable no-var */
+/* eslint-disable react-internal/prod-error-codes */
 
 import {
   enableSchedulerDebugging,
diff --git a/packages/shared/ReactErrorUtils.js b/packages/shared/ReactErrorUtils.js
index 1742788778b4d..ae344d302f441 100644
--- a/packages/shared/ReactErrorUtils.js
+++ b/packages/shared/ReactErrorUtils.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 import invokeGuardedCallbackImpl from './invokeGuardedCallbackImpl';
 
 // Used by Fiber to simulate a try-catch.
@@ -117,8 +116,7 @@ export function clearCaughtError() {
     caughtError = null;
     return error;
   } else {
-    invariant(
-      false,
+    throw new Error(
       'clearCaughtError was called but no error was captured. This error ' +
         'is likely caused by a bug in React. Please file an issue.',
     );
diff --git a/packages/shared/checkPropTypes.js b/packages/shared/checkPropTypes.js
index 1558a407c3888..5aee8fede8330 100644
--- a/packages/shared/checkPropTypes.js
+++ b/packages/shared/checkPropTypes.js
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ export default function checkPropTypes(
           // This is intentionally an invariant that gets caught. It's the same
           // behavior as without this statement except with a better message.
           if (typeof typeSpecs[typeSpecName] !== 'function') {
+            // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
             const err = Error(
               (componentName || 'React class') +
                 ': ' +
diff --git a/packages/shared/forks/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.www.js b/packages/shared/forks/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.www.js
index 01005167e5fcc..72c21bb8b788f 100644
--- a/packages/shared/forks/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.www.js
+++ b/packages/shared/forks/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.www.js
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 // Provided by www
 const ReactFbErrorUtils = require('ReactFbErrorUtils');
-invariant(
-  typeof ReactFbErrorUtils.invokeGuardedCallback === 'function',
-  'Expected ReactFbErrorUtils.invokeGuardedCallback to be a function.',
-);
+
+if (typeof ReactFbErrorUtils.invokeGuardedCallback !== 'function') {
+  throw new Error(
+    'Expected ReactFbErrorUtils.invokeGuardedCallback to be a function.',
+  );
+}
 
 const invokeGuardedCallbackImpl = function<A, B, C, D, E, F, Context>(
   name: string | null,
diff --git a/packages/shared/invariant.js b/packages/shared/invariant.js
index 747961671f1ea..68a1928c02d38 100644
--- a/packages/shared/invariant.js
+++ b/packages/shared/invariant.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
  */
 
 export default function invariant(condition, format, a, b, c, d, e, f) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
   throw new Error(
     'Internal React error: invariant() is meant to be replaced at compile ' +
       'time. There is no runtime version.',
diff --git a/packages/shared/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.js b/packages/shared/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.js
index 215a8ae91c513..c33820080054a 100644
--- a/packages/shared/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.js
+++ b/packages/shared/invokeGuardedCallbackImpl.js
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
  * @flow
  */
 
-import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
-
 function invokeGuardedCallbackProd<A, B, C, D, E, F, Context>(
   name: string | null,
   func: (a: A, b: B, c: C, d: D, e: E, f: F) => mixed,
@@ -83,16 +81,18 @@ if (__DEV__) {
       // when we call document.createEvent(). However this can cause confusing
       // errors: https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/3482
       // So we preemptively throw with a better message instead.
-      invariant(
-        typeof document !== 'undefined',
-        'The `document` global was defined when React was initialized, but is not ' +
-          'defined anymore. This can happen in a test environment if a component ' +
-          'schedules an update from an asynchronous callback, but the test has already ' +
-          'finished running. To solve this, you can either unmount the component at ' +
-          'the end of your test (and ensure that any asynchronous operations get ' +
-          'canceled in `componentWillUnmount`), or you can change the test itself ' +
-          'to be asynchronous.',
-      );
+      if (typeof document === 'undefined') {
+        throw new Error(
+          'The `document` global was defined when React was initialized, but is not ' +
+            'defined anymore. This can happen in a test environment if a component ' +
+            'schedules an update from an asynchronous callback, but the test has already ' +
+            'finished running. To solve this, you can either unmount the component at ' +
+            'the end of your test (and ensure that any asynchronous operations get ' +
+            'canceled in `componentWillUnmount`), or you can change the test itself ' +
+            'to be asynchronous.',
+        );
+      }
+
       const evt = document.createEvent('Event');
 
       let didCall = false;
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
       if (didCall && didError) {
         if (!didSetError) {
           // The callback errored, but the error event never fired.
+          // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
           error = new Error(
             'An error was thrown inside one of your components, but React ' +
               "doesn't know what it was. This is likely due to browser " +
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ if (__DEV__) {
               'actually an issue with React, please file an issue.',
           );
         } else if (isCrossOriginError) {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line react-internal/prod-error-codes
           error = new Error(
             "A cross-origin error was thrown. React doesn't have access to " +
               'the actual error object in development. ' +
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/__snapshots__/transform-error-messages.js.snap b/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/__snapshots__/transform-error-messages.js.snap
index f93b31a659dd2..bfb80ab375562 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/__snapshots__/transform-error-messages.js.snap
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/__snapshots__/transform-error-messages.js.snap
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
 
+exports[`error transform handles escaped backticks in template string 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? \\"Expected \`\\" + listener + \\"\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \`\\" + type + \\"\` type.\\" : _formatProdErrorMessage(231, listener, type));"
+`;
+
 exports[`error transform should correctly transform invariants that are not in the error codes map 1`] = `
 "import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
 
@@ -18,6 +23,21 @@ if (!condition) {
 }"
 `;
 
+exports[`error transform should not touch other calls or new expressions 1`] = `
+"new NotAnError();
+NotAnError();"
+`;
+
+exports[`error transform should replace error constructors (no new) 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? 'Do not override existing functions.' : _formatProdErrorMessage(16));"
+`;
+
+exports[`error transform should replace error constructors 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? 'Do not override existing functions.' : _formatProdErrorMessage(16));"
+`;
+
 exports[`error transform should replace simple invariant calls 1`] = `
 "import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
 import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
@@ -29,6 +49,21 @@ if (!condition) {
 }"
 `;
 
+exports[`error transform should support error constructors with concatenated messages 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? \\"Expected \\" + foo + \\" target to \\" + (\\"be an array; got \\" + bar) : _formatProdErrorMessage(7, foo, bar));"
+`;
+
+exports[`error transform should support interpolating arguments with concatenation 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? 'Expected ' + foo + ' target to be an array; got ' + bar : _formatProdErrorMessage(7, foo, bar));"
+`;
+
+exports[`error transform should support interpolating arguments with template strings 1`] = `
+"import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
+Error(__DEV__ ? \\"Expected \\" + foo + \\" target to be an array; got \\" + bar : _formatProdErrorMessage(7, foo, bar));"
+`;
+
 exports[`error transform should support invariant calls with a concatenated template string and args 1`] = `
 "import _formatProdErrorMessage from \\"shared/formatProdErrorMessage\\";
 import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/transform-error-messages.js b/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/transform-error-messages.js
index 4da00ac656b95..2bca7366321e2 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/transform-error-messages.js
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/__tests__/transform-error-messages.js
@@ -93,4 +93,61 @@ invariant(condition, 'Do not override existing functions.');
       )
     ).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
+
+  it('should replace error constructors', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new Error('Do not override existing functions.');
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('should replace error constructors (no new)', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+Error('Do not override existing functions.');
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('should not touch other calls or new expressions', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new NotAnError();
+NotAnError();
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('should support interpolating arguments with template strings', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new Error(\`Expected \${foo} target to be an array; got \${bar}\`);
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('should support interpolating arguments with concatenation', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new Error('Expected ' + foo + ' target to be an array; got ' + bar);
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('should support error constructors with concatenated messages', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new Error(\`Expected \${foo} target to \` + \`be an array; got \${bar}\`);
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('handles escaped backticks in template string', () => {
+    expect(
+      transform(`
+new Error(\`Expected \\\`\$\{listener\}\\\` listener to be a function, instead got a value of \\\`\$\{type\}\\\` type.\`);
+`)
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
index 3206efa41349c..3920d0aa51c35 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
@@ -287,12 +287,10 @@
   "288": "It is not supported to run the profiling version of a renderer (for example, `react-dom/profiling`) without also replacing the `schedule/tracing` module with `schedule/tracing-profiling`. Your bundler might have a setting for aliasing both modules. Learn more at https://reactjs.org/link/profiling",
   "289": "Function components cannot have refs.",
   "290": "Element ref was specified as a string (%s) but no owner was set. This could happen for one of the following reasons:\n1. You may be adding a ref to a function component\n2. You may be adding a ref to a component that was not created inside a component's render method\n3. You have multiple copies of React loaded\nSee https://reactjs.org/link/refs-must-have-owner for more information.",
-  "291": "Log of yielded values is not empty. Call expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded(...) first.",
   "292": "The matcher `toHaveYielded` expects an instance of React Test Renderer.\n\nTry: expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded(expectedYields)",
   "293": "Context can only be read while React is rendering, e.g. inside the render method or getDerivedStateFromProps.",
   "294": "ReactDOMServer does not yet support Suspense.",
   "295": "ReactDOMServer does not yet support lazy-loaded components.",
-  "296": "Log of yielded values is not empty. Call expect(ReactTestRenderer).unstable_toHaveYielded(...) first.",
   "297": "The matcher `unstable_toHaveYielded` expects an instance of React Test Renderer.\n\nTry: expect(ReactTestRenderer).unstable_toHaveYielded(expectedYields)",
   "298": "Hooks can only be called inside the body of a function component.",
   "299": "createRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.",
@@ -353,7 +351,7 @@
   "362": "Could not find React container within specified host subtree.",
   "363": "Test selector API is not supported by this renderer.",
   "364": "Invalid host root specified. Should be either a React container or a node with a testname attribute.",
-  "365": "Invalid selector type %s specified.",
+  "365": "Invalid selector type specified.",
   "366": "ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setListener called on an target that did not have a corresponding root. This is likely a bug in React.",
   "367": "ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setListener called on an element target that is not managed by React. Ensure React rendered the DOM element.",
   "368": "ReactDOM.createEventHandle: setListener called on an invalid target. Provide a valid EventTarget or an element managed by React.",
@@ -397,5 +395,12 @@
   "406": "act(...) is not supported in production builds of React.",
   "407": "Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.",
   "408": "Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-rendered content.",
-  "409": "Cannot update an unmounted root."
+  "409": "Cannot update an unmounted root.",
+  "410": "%s suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n\nAdd a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.",
+  "411": "%s suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified.\n\nAdd a <Suspense fallback=...> component higher in the tree to provide a loading indicator or placeholder to display.",
+  "412": "Connection closed.",
+  "413": "Expected finished root and lanes to be set. This is a bug in React.",
+  "414": "Did not expect this call in production. This is a bug in React. Please file an issue.",
+  "415": "Error parsing the data. It's probably an error code or network corruption.",
+  "416": "This environment don't support binary chunks."
 }
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/extract-errors.js b/scripts/error-codes/extract-errors.js
index 58823cbe16873..d60ffe308cdbe 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/extract-errors.js
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/extract-errors.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const parser = require('@babel/parser');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 const traverse = require('@babel/traverse').default;
-const evalToString = require('../shared/evalToString');
+const {evalStringConcat} = require('../shared/evalToString');
 const invertObject = require('./invertObject');
 
 const babylonOptions = {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ module.exports = function(opts) {
 
             // error messages can be concatenated (`+`) at runtime, so here's a
             // trivial partial evaluator that interprets the literal value
-            const errorMsgLiteral = evalToString(node.arguments[1]);
+            const errorMsgLiteral = evalStringConcat(node.arguments[1]);
             addToErrorMap(errorMsgLiteral);
           }
         },
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/transform-error-messages.js b/scripts/error-codes/transform-error-messages.js
index 6ebb68731f860..2baf4baa1c1a7 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/transform-error-messages.js
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/transform-error-messages.js
@@ -7,20 +7,114 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');
-const evalToString = require('../shared/evalToString');
+const {
+  evalStringConcat,
+  evalStringAndTemplateConcat,
+} = require('../shared/evalToString');
 const invertObject = require('./invertObject');
 const helperModuleImports = require('@babel/helper-module-imports');
 
+const errorMap = invertObject(
+  JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/codes.json', 'utf-8'))
+);
+
+const SEEN_SYMBOL = Symbol('transform-error-messages.seen');
+
 module.exports = function(babel) {
   const t = babel.types;
 
+  // TODO: Instead of outputting __DEV__ conditions, only apply this transform
+  // in production.
   const DEV_EXPRESSION = t.identifier('__DEV__');
 
+  function CallOrNewExpression(path, file) {
+    // Turns this code:
+    //
+    // new Error(`A ${adj} message that contains ${noun}`);
+    //
+    // or this code (no constructor):
+    //
+    // Error(`A ${adj} message that contains ${noun}`);
+    //
+    // into this:
+    //
+    // Error(
+    //   __DEV__
+    //     ? `A ${adj} message that contains ${noun}`
+    //     : formatProdErrorMessage(ERR_CODE, adj, noun)
+    // );
+    const node = path.node;
+    if (node[SEEN_SYMBOL]) {
+      return;
+    }
+    node[SEEN_SYMBOL] = true;
+
+    const errorMsgNode = node.arguments[0];
+    if (errorMsgNode === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const errorMsgExpressions = [];
+    const errorMsgLiteral = evalStringAndTemplateConcat(
+      errorMsgNode,
+      errorMsgExpressions
+    );
+
+    let prodErrorId = errorMap[errorMsgLiteral];
+    if (prodErrorId === undefined) {
+      // There is no error code for this message. We use a lint rule to
+      // enforce that messages can be minified, so assume this is
+      // intentional and exit gracefully.
+      return;
+    }
+    prodErrorId = parseInt(prodErrorId, 10);
+
+    // Import formatProdErrorMessage
+    const formatProdErrorMessageIdentifier = helperModuleImports.addDefault(
+      path,
+      'shared/formatProdErrorMessage',
+      {nameHint: 'formatProdErrorMessage'}
+    );
+
+    // Outputs:
+    //   formatProdErrorMessage(ERR_CODE, adj, noun);
+    const prodMessage = t.callExpression(formatProdErrorMessageIdentifier, [
+      t.numericLiteral(prodErrorId),
+      ...errorMsgExpressions,
+    ]);
+
+    // Outputs:
+    // Error(
+    //   __DEV__
+    //     ? `A ${adj} message that contains ${noun}`
+    //     : formatProdErrorMessage(ERR_CODE, adj, noun)
+    // );
+    path.replaceWith(t.callExpression(t.identifier('Error'), [prodMessage]));
+    path.replaceWith(
+      t.callExpression(t.identifier('Error'), [
+        t.conditionalExpression(DEV_EXPRESSION, errorMsgNode, prodMessage),
+      ])
+    );
+  }
+
   return {
     visitor: {
+      NewExpression(path, file) {
+        const noMinify = file.opts.noMinify;
+        if (!noMinify && path.get('callee').isIdentifier({name: 'Error'})) {
+          CallOrNewExpression(path, file);
+        }
+      },
+
       CallExpression(path, file) {
         const node = path.node;
         const noMinify = file.opts.noMinify;
+
+        if (!noMinify && path.get('callee').isIdentifier({name: 'Error'})) {
+          CallOrNewExpression(path, file);
+          return;
+        }
+
         if (path.get('callee').isIdentifier({name: 'invariant'})) {
           // Turns this code:
           //
@@ -40,7 +134,7 @@ module.exports = function(babel) {
           // string) that references a verbose error message. The mapping is
           // stored in `scripts/error-codes/codes.json`.
           const condition = node.arguments[0];
-          const errorMsgLiteral = evalToString(node.arguments[1]);
+          const errorMsgLiteral = evalStringConcat(node.arguments[1]);
           const errorMsgExpressions = Array.from(node.arguments.slice(2));
           const errorMsgQuasis = errorMsgLiteral
             .split('%s')
@@ -81,12 +175,6 @@ module.exports = function(babel) {
             return;
           }
 
-          // Avoid caching because we write it as we go.
-          const existingErrorMap = JSON.parse(
-            fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/codes.json', 'utf-8')
-          );
-          const errorMap = invertObject(existingErrorMap);
-
           let prodErrorId = errorMap[errorMsgLiteral];
 
           if (prodErrorId === undefined) {
@@ -117,7 +205,7 @@ module.exports = function(babel) {
           }
           prodErrorId = parseInt(prodErrorId, 10);
 
-          // Import ReactErrorProd
+          // Import formatProdErrorMessage
           const formatProdErrorMessageIdentifier = helperModuleImports.addDefault(
             path,
             'shared/formatProdErrorMessage',
diff --git a/scripts/eslint-rules/__tests__/prod-error-codes-test.internal.js b/scripts/eslint-rules/__tests__/prod-error-codes-test.internal.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..674d952e9582c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/eslint-rules/__tests__/prod-error-codes-test.internal.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @emails react-core
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const rule = require('../prod-error-codes');
+const {RuleTester} = require('eslint');
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester({
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 2017,
+  },
+});
+
+ruleTester.run('eslint-rules/prod-error-codes', rule, {
+  valid: [
+    'arbitraryFunction(a, b)',
+    'Error(`Expected ${foo} target to be an array; got ${bar}`)',
+    "Error('Expected ' + foo + ' target to be an array; got ' + bar)",
+    'Error(`Expected ${foo} target to ` + `be an array; got ${bar}`)',
+  ],
+  invalid: [
+    {
+      code: "Error('Not in error map')",
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Error message does not have a corresponding production error ' +
+            'code. Add the following message to codes.json so it can be stripped from ' +
+            'the production builds:\n\n' +
+            'Not in error map',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: "Error('Not in ' + 'error map')",
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Error message does not have a corresponding production error ' +
+            'code. Add the following message to codes.json so it can be stripped from ' +
+            'the production builds:\n\n' +
+            'Not in error map',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'Error(`Not in ` + `error map`)',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Error message does not have a corresponding production error ' +
+            'code. Add the following message to codes.json so it can be stripped from ' +
+            'the production builds:\n\n' +
+            'Not in error map',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: "Error(`Not in ${'error'} map`)",
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Error message does not have a corresponding production error ' +
+            'code. Add the following message to codes.json so it can be stripped from ' +
+            'the production builds:\n\n' +
+            'Not in %s map',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+});
diff --git a/scripts/eslint-rules/index.js b/scripts/eslint-rules/index.js
index 0e86334d26331..7dfac457ec062 100644
--- a/scripts/eslint-rules/index.js
+++ b/scripts/eslint-rules/index.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'no-to-warn-dev-within-to-throw': require('./no-to-warn-dev-within-to-throw'),
     'warning-args': require('./warning-args'),
     'invariant-args': require('./invariant-args'),
+    'prod-error-codes': require('./prod-error-codes'),
     'no-production-logging': require('./no-production-logging'),
     'no-cross-fork-imports': require('./no-cross-fork-imports'),
     'no-cross-fork-types': require('./no-cross-fork-types'),
diff --git a/scripts/eslint-rules/prod-error-codes.js b/scripts/eslint-rules/prod-error-codes.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2c9815fb9ab12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/eslint-rules/prod-error-codes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @emails react-core
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const errorMap = JSON.parse(
+  fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, '../error-codes/codes.json'))
+);
+const errorMessages = new Set();
+Object.keys(errorMap).forEach(key => errorMessages.add(errorMap[key]));
+
+function nodeToErrorTemplate(node) {
+  if (node.type === 'Literal' && typeof node.value === 'string') {
+    return node.value;
+  } else if (node.type === 'BinaryExpression' && node.operator === '+') {
+    const l = nodeToErrorTemplate(node.left);
+    const r = nodeToErrorTemplate(node.right);
+    return l + r;
+  } else if (node.type === 'TemplateLiteral') {
+    let elements = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < node.quasis.length; i++) {
+      const elementNode = node.quasis[i];
+      if (elementNode.type !== 'TemplateElement') {
+        throw new Error('Unsupported type ' + node.type);
+      }
+      elements.push(elementNode.value.cooked);
+    }
+    return elements.join('%s');
+  } else {
+    return '%s';
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    schema: [],
+  },
+  create(context) {
+    function ErrorCallExpression(node) {
+      const errorMessageNode = node.arguments[0];
+      if (errorMessageNode === undefined) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const errorMessage = nodeToErrorTemplate(errorMessageNode);
+      if (errorMessages.has(errorMessage)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      context.report({
+        node,
+        message:
+          'Error message does not have a corresponding production error code. Add ' +
+          'the following message to codes.json so it can be stripped ' +
+          'from the production builds:\n\n' +
+          errorMessage,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      NewExpression(node) {
+        if (node.callee.type === 'Identifier' && node.callee.name === 'Error') {
+          ErrorCallExpression(node);
+        }
+      },
+      CallExpression(node) {
+        if (node.callee.type === 'Identifier' && node.callee.name === 'Error') {
+          ErrorCallExpression(node);
+        }
+      },
+    };
+  },
+};
diff --git a/scripts/print-warnings/print-warnings.js b/scripts/print-warnings/print-warnings.js
index 9bdd6543d2a3d..8e23dd880e92b 100644
--- a/scripts/print-warnings/print-warnings.js
+++ b/scripts/print-warnings/print-warnings.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const through = require('through2');
 const traverse = require('@babel/traverse').default;
 const gs = require('glob-stream');
 
-const evalToString = require('../shared/evalToString');
+const {evalStringConcat} = require('../shared/evalToString');
 
 const parserOptions = {
   sourceType: 'module',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function transform(file, enc, cb) {
             // warning messages can be concatenated (`+`) at runtime, so here's
             // a trivial partial evaluator that interprets the literal value
             try {
-              const warningMsgLiteral = evalToString(node.arguments[0]);
+              const warningMsgLiteral = evalStringConcat(node.arguments[0]);
               warnings.add(JSON.stringify(warningMsgLiteral));
             } catch (error) {
               console.error(
diff --git a/scripts/rollup/build.js b/scripts/rollup/build.js
index 41b0685098fa0..4f7d26cddbec9 100644
--- a/scripts/rollup/build.js
+++ b/scripts/rollup/build.js
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ function getBabelConfig(
   bundleType,
   packageName,
   externals,
-  isDevelopment
+  isDevelopment,
+  bundle
 ) {
   const canAccessReactObject =
     packageName === 'react' || externals.indexOf('react') !== -1;
@@ -179,12 +180,6 @@ function getBabelConfig(
     case FB_WWW_DEV:
     case FB_WWW_PROD:
     case FB_WWW_PROFILING:
-      return Object.assign({}, options, {
-        plugins: options.plugins.concat([
-          // Minify invariant messages
-          require('../error-codes/transform-error-messages'),
-        ]),
-      });
     case RN_OSS_DEV:
     case RN_OSS_PROD:
     case RN_OSS_PROFILING:
@@ -195,8 +190,9 @@ function getBabelConfig(
         plugins: options.plugins.concat([
           [
             require('../error-codes/transform-error-messages'),
-            // Preserve full error messages in React Native build
-            {noMinify: true},
+            // Controls whether to replace error messages with error codes
+            // in production. By default, error messages are replaced.
+            {noMinify: bundle.minifyWithProdErrorCodes === false},
           ],
         ]),
       });
@@ -390,7 +386,8 @@ function getPlugins(
         bundleType,
         packageName,
         externals,
-        !isProduction
+        !isProduction,
+        bundle
       )
     ),
     // Remove 'use strict' from individual source files.
diff --git a/scripts/rollup/bundles.js b/scripts/rollup/bundles.js
index b9ae507b1a305..c24281d43ef08 100644
--- a/scripts/rollup/bundles.js
+++ b/scripts/rollup/bundles.js
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react',
     global: 'React',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react/unstable-shared-subset',
     global: 'React',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react/jsx-runtime',
     global: 'JSXRuntime',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react/jsx-dev-runtime',
     global: 'JSXDEVRuntime',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -133,6 +137,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-fetch/index.browser',
     global: 'ReactFetch',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -142,6 +147,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-fetch/index.node',
     global: 'ReactFetch',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'http', 'https'],
   },
 
@@ -151,6 +157,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-fs/index.browser.server',
     global: 'ReactFilesystem',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -160,6 +167,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-fs/index.node.server',
     global: 'ReactFilesystem',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'fs/promises', 'path'],
   },
 
@@ -169,6 +177,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-pg/index.browser.server',
     global: 'ReactPostgres',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -178,6 +187,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-pg/index.node.server',
     global: 'ReactPostgres',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'pg'],
   },
 
@@ -197,6 +207,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-dom',
     global: 'ReactDOM',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -207,6 +218,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-dom',
     global: 'ReactDOMForked',
     enableNewReconciler: true,
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -216,15 +228,18 @@ const bundles = [
     bundleTypes: [FB_WWW_DEV, NODE_DEV, NODE_PROD, UMD_DEV, UMD_PROD],
     entry: 'react-dom/test-utils',
     global: 'ReactTestUtils',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'react-dom'],
   },
 
+  // TODO: We don't use this bundle anymore
   /******* React DOM - www - Testing *******/
   {
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     bundleTypes: [FB_WWW_DEV, FB_WWW_PROD],
     entry: 'react-dom/testing',
     global: 'ReactDOMTesting',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -237,6 +252,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerBrowser',
     name: 'react-dom-server-legacy.browser',
     global: 'ReactDOMServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
@@ -251,6 +267,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMLegacyServerNode',
     name: 'react-dom-server-legacy.node',
     externals: ['react', 'stream'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -266,6 +283,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser',
     name: 'react-dom-server.browser',
     global: 'ReactDOMServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
   {
@@ -274,6 +292,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-dom/src/server/ReactDOMFizzServerNode',
     name: 'react-dom-server.node',
     global: 'ReactDOMServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
   {
@@ -281,6 +300,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-relay/src/ReactDOMServerFB',
     global: 'ReactDOMServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -290,6 +310,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack/writer.browser.server',
     global: 'ReactServerDOMWriter',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
   {
@@ -297,6 +318,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack/writer.node.server',
     global: 'ReactServerDOMWriter',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -306,6 +328,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack',
     global: 'ReactServerDOMReader',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -315,6 +338,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER_UTILS,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack/plugin',
     global: 'ReactServerWebpackPlugin',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['fs', 'path', 'url', 'neo-async'],
   },
 
@@ -324,6 +348,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER_UTILS,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack/node-loader',
     global: 'ReactServerWebpackNodeLoader',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['acorn'],
   },
 
@@ -333,6 +358,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER_UTILS,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-webpack/node-register',
     global: 'ReactFlightWebpackNodeRegister',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['url', 'module'],
   },
 
@@ -342,6 +368,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-relay/server',
     global: 'ReactFlightDOMRelayServer', // TODO: Rename to Writer
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'ReactFlightDOMRelayServerIntegration',
@@ -355,6 +382,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-dom-relay',
     global: 'ReactFlightDOMRelayClient', // TODO: Rename to Reader
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'ReactFlightDOMRelayClientIntegration',
@@ -368,6 +396,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-native-relay/server',
     global: 'ReactFlightNativeRelayServer', // TODO: Rename to Writer
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'ReactFlightNativeRelayServerIntegration',
@@ -382,6 +411,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-server-native-relay',
     global: 'ReactFlightNativeRelayClient', // TODO: Rename to Reader
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'ReactFlightNativeRelayClientIntegration',
@@ -396,6 +426,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER_UTILS,
     entry: 'react-suspense-test-utils',
     global: 'ReactSuspenseTestUtils',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -413,6 +444,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-art',
     global: 'ReactART',
     externals: ['react'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         // Include JSX
@@ -435,6 +467,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-native-renderer',
     global: 'ReactNativeRenderer',
     externals: ['react-native', 'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -448,6 +481,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-native-renderer',
     global: 'ReactNativeRenderer',
     externals: ['react-native'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -465,6 +499,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-native-renderer/fabric',
     global: 'ReactFabric',
     externals: ['react-native', 'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -478,6 +513,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'react-native-renderer/fabric',
     global: 'ReactFabric',
     externals: ['react-native'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -507,6 +543,7 @@ const bundles = [
       'scheduler/unstable_mock',
       'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags',
     ],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -521,6 +558,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-noop-renderer',
     global: 'ReactNoopRenderer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'scheduler', 'scheduler/unstable_mock', 'expect'],
   },
 
@@ -530,6 +568,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-noop-renderer/persistent',
     global: 'ReactNoopRendererPersistent',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'scheduler', 'expect'],
   },
 
@@ -539,6 +578,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-noop-renderer/server',
     global: 'ReactNoopRendererServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'scheduler', 'expect'],
   },
 
@@ -548,6 +588,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-noop-renderer/flight-server',
     global: 'ReactNoopFlightServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'scheduler',
@@ -562,6 +603,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RENDERER,
     entry: 'react-noop-renderer/flight-client',
     global: 'ReactNoopFlightClient',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [
       'react',
       'scheduler',
@@ -576,6 +618,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RECONCILER,
     entry: 'react-reconciler',
     global: 'ReactReconciler',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -585,6 +628,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RECONCILER,
     entry: 'react-server',
     global: 'ReactServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -594,6 +638,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RECONCILER,
     entry: 'react-server/flight',
     global: 'ReactFlightServer',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -603,6 +648,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: RECONCILER,
     entry: 'react-client/flight',
     global: 'ReactFlightClient',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -612,6 +658,7 @@ const bundles = [
     bundleTypes: [NODE_DEV, NODE_PROD],
     entry: 'react-reconciler/reflection',
     global: 'ReactFiberTreeReflection',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -621,6 +668,7 @@ const bundles = [
     bundleTypes: [NODE_DEV, NODE_PROD],
     entry: 'react-reconciler/constants',
     global: 'ReactReconcilerConstants',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -637,6 +685,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-is',
     global: 'ReactIs',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -646,6 +695,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-debug-tools',
     global: 'ReactDebugTools',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -657,6 +707,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-cache',
     global: 'ReactCacheOld',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'scheduler'],
   },
 
@@ -667,6 +718,7 @@ const bundles = [
     entry: 'create-subscription',
     global: 'createSubscription',
     externals: ['react'],
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     babel: opts =>
       Object.assign({}, opts, {
         plugins: opts.plugins.concat([
@@ -681,6 +733,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'use-subscription',
     global: 'useSubscription',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -690,6 +743,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'use-sync-external-store',
     global: 'useSyncExternalStore',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react'],
   },
 
@@ -699,6 +753,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'use-sync-external-store/extra',
     global: 'useSyncExternalStoreExtra',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'use-sync-external-store'],
   },
 
@@ -708,6 +763,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'use-sync-external-store/index.native',
     global: 'useSyncExternalStoreNative',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['react', 'ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -726,6 +782,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'scheduler',
     global: 'Scheduler',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: ['ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -744,6 +801,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'scheduler/unstable_mock',
     global: 'SchedulerMock',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['ReactNativeInternalFeatureFlags'],
   },
 
@@ -759,6 +817,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'scheduler/unstable_post_task',
     global: 'SchedulerPostTask',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: true,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -768,6 +827,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'jest-react',
     global: 'JestReact',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: ['react', 'scheduler', 'scheduler/unstable_mock'],
   },
 
@@ -781,6 +841,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'eslint-plugin-react-hooks',
     global: 'ESLintPluginReactHooks',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [],
   },
 
@@ -790,6 +851,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-refresh/babel',
     global: 'ReactFreshBabelPlugin',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [],
   },
   {
@@ -797,6 +859,7 @@ const bundles = [
     moduleType: ISOMORPHIC,
     entry: 'react-refresh/runtime',
     global: 'ReactFreshRuntime',
+    minifyWithProdErrorCodes: false,
     externals: [],
   },
 ];
diff --git a/scripts/shared/__tests__/evalToString-test.js b/scripts/shared/__tests__/evalToString-test.js
index 3f6c3adbb372a..bc0cb600d57e4 100644
--- a/scripts/shared/__tests__/evalToString-test.js
+++ b/scripts/shared/__tests__/evalToString-test.js
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
  */
 'use strict';
 
-const evalToString = require('../evalToString');
+const {evalStringConcat} = require('../evalToString');
 const parser = require('@babel/parser');
 
 const parse = source => parser.parse(`(${source});`).program.body[0].expression; // quick way to get an exp node
 
-const parseAndEval = source => evalToString(parse(source));
+const parseAndEval = source => evalStringConcat(parse(source));
 
 describe('evalToString', () => {
   it('should support StringLiteral', () => {
diff --git a/scripts/shared/evalToString.js b/scripts/shared/evalToString.js
index aad199da5d75b..318925cc0969e 100644
--- a/scripts/shared/evalToString.js
+++ b/scripts/shared/evalToString.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  */
 'use strict';
 
-function evalToString(ast /* : Object */) /* : string */ {
+function evalStringConcat(ast /* : Object */) /* : string */ {
   switch (ast.type) {
     case 'StringLiteral':
     case 'Literal': // ESLint
@@ -17,10 +17,44 @@ function evalToString(ast /* : Object */) /* : string */ {
       if (ast.operator !== '+') {
         throw new Error('Unsupported binary operator ' + ast.operator);
       }
-      return evalToString(ast.left) + evalToString(ast.right);
+      return evalStringConcat(ast.left) + evalStringConcat(ast.right);
     default:
       throw new Error('Unsupported type ' + ast.type);
   }
 }
+exports.evalStringConcat = evalStringConcat;
 
-module.exports = evalToString;
+function evalStringAndTemplateConcat(
+  ast /* : Object */,
+  args /* : Array<mixed> */
+) /* : string */ {
+  switch (ast.type) {
+    case 'StringLiteral':
+      return ast.value;
+    case 'BinaryExpression': // `+`
+      if (ast.operator !== '+') {
+        throw new Error('Unsupported binary operator ' + ast.operator);
+      }
+      return (
+        evalStringAndTemplateConcat(ast.left, args) +
+        evalStringAndTemplateConcat(ast.right, args)
+      );
+    case 'TemplateLiteral': {
+      let elements = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < ast.quasis.length; i++) {
+        const elementNode = ast.quasis[i];
+        if (elementNode.type !== 'TemplateElement') {
+          throw new Error('Unsupported type ' + ast.type);
+        }
+        elements.push(elementNode.value.cooked);
+      }
+      args.push(...ast.expressions);
+      return elements.join('%s');
+    }
+    default:
+      // Anything that's not a string is interpreted as an argument.
+      args.push(ast);
+      return '%s';
+  }
+}
+exports.evalStringAndTemplateConcat = evalStringAndTemplateConcat;
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 9deb96000d4e5..0055fc9a6d2f7 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -6442,7 +6442,6 @@ eslint-plugin-no-unsanitized@3.1.2:
 
 "eslint-plugin-react-internal@link:./scripts/eslint-rules":
   version "0.0.0"
-  uid ""
 
 eslint-plugin-react@^6.7.1:
   version "6.10.3"