qemu-nbd: Change default cache mode to writeback

Both qemu and qemu-img use writeback cache mode by default, which is
already documented in qemu(1). qemu-nbd uses writethrough cache mode by
default, and the default cache mode is not documented.

According to the qemu-nbd(8):

   --cache=CACHE
          The  cache  mode  to be used with the file.  See the
          documentation of the emulator's -drive cache=... option for
          allowed values.

qemu(1) says:

    The default mode is cache=writeback.

So users have no reason to assume that qemu-nbd is using writethough
cache mode. The only hint is the painfully slow writing when using the
defaults.

Looking in git history, it seems that qemu used writethrough in the past
to support broken guests that did not flush data properly, or could not
flush due to limitations in qemu. But qemu-nbd clients can use
NBD_CMD_FLUSH to flush data, so using writethrough does not help anyone.

Change the default cache mode to writback, and document the default and
available values properly in the online help and manual.

With this change converting image via qemu-nbd is 3.5 times faster.

    $ qemu-img create dst.img 50g
    $ qemu-nbd -t -f raw -k /tmp/nbd.sock dst.img

Before this change:

    $ hyperfine -r3 "./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock"
    Benchmark espressif#1: ./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock
      Time (mean ± σ):     83.639 s ±  5.970 s    [User: 2.733 s, System: 6.112 s]
      Range (min … max):   76.749 s … 87.245 s    3 runs

After this change:

    $ hyperfine -r3 "./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock"
    Benchmark espressif#1: ./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock
      Time (mean ± σ):     23.522 s ±  0.433 s    [User: 2.083 s, System: 5.475 s]
      Range (min … max):   23.234 s … 24.019 s    3 runs

Users can avoid the issue by using --cache=writeback[1] but the defaults
should give good performance for the common use case.

[1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1990656

Signed-off-by: Nir Soffer <[email protected]>
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <[email protected]>
CC: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <[email protected]>

Author: nirs

docs/tools/qemu-nbd.rst

@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ driver options if ``--image-opts`` is specified.
 
 .. option:: --cache=CACHE
 
-  The cache mode to be used with the file.  See the documentation of
-  the emulator's ``-drive cache=...`` option for allowed values.
+  The cache mode to be used with the file. Valid values are:
+  ``none``, ``writeback`` (the default), ``writethrough``,
+  ``directsync`` and ``unsafe``. See the documentation of
+  the emulator's ``-drive cache=...`` option for more info.
 
 .. option:: -n, --nocache
 

qemu-nbd.c

@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@ static void usage(const char *name)
 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
-"      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
+"      --cache=MODE          set cache mode used to access the disk image, the\n"
+"                            valid options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default),\n"
+"                            'writethrough', 'directsync' and 'unsafe'\n"
 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native, io_uring or threads)\n"
 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
@@ -552,7 +554,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     bool alloc_depth = false;
     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
     bool imageOpts = false;
-    bool writethrough = true;
+    bool writethrough = false; /* Client will flush as needed. */
     bool fork_process = false;
     bool list = false;
     int old_stderr = -1;