chore: update application structure, directory layout and dependencies for the post-1.5.0 era

This commit and the accompanying updates to the tutorial steps constitute a major re-structuring of
the tutorial app's codebase, aiming at applying established best practices (in terms of file
naming/layout and code organization) and utilizing several new features and enhancements (most
notably components) introduced in recent versions of Angular (especially v1.5).

Apart from the overall changes, two new chapters were introduced: one on components and one on code
organization.

--
In the process several other things were (incidentally) taken care of, including:

* Dependencies were upgraded to latest versions.
* Animations were polished.
* Outdated links were updated.
* The app's base URL was changed to `/` (instead of `/app/`).

--
This was inspired by (and loosely based on) angular#289.
Mad props to @teropa for leading the way :)

--
The old version of the tutorial, that is compatible with Angular version 1.4 or older, has been
saved in the `pre-v1.5.0-snapshot` branch. The `v1.4.x` version of the tutorial should be pointed
to that branch instead of `master`.

Fixes angular#198
Fixes angular#214
Fixes angular#224
Fixes angular#230
Fixes angular#243
Fixes angular#246
Fixes angular#252
Fixes angular#277
Fixes angular#286
Fixes angular#295
Fixes angular#303
Fixes angular#304
Fixes angular#323
Fixes angular#324

Closes angular#268
Closes angular#270
Closes angular#278
Closes angular#280
Closes angular#289
Closes angular#309
Closes angular#311
Closes angular#319

Author: gkalpak

.bowerrc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "directory": "app/bower_components",
   "interactive": false
-}
+}

.jshintrc

@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 {
-  "globalstrict": true,
+  "strict": "global",
   "globals": {
+    // Angular
     "angular": false,
 
-    "browser": false,
-    "element": false,
-    "by": false,
+    // Angular mocks
+    "module": false,
+    "inject": false,
 
+    // Jasmine
+    "jasmine": false,
     "describe": false,
     "beforeEach": false,
+    "afterEach": false,
     "it": false,
-    "expect": false
+    "expect": false,
+
+    // Protractor
+    "browser": false,
+    "element": false,
+    "by": false
   }
-}
+}

.travis.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 language: node_js
 node_js:
-  - 0.10
+  - '4.4'
 
 env: BROWSERS=firefox E2E_BROWSERS=Firefox