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cmd/go2go: Failing to handle generic instances that are unknown until the run time. #42863

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Joker-vD opened this issue Nov 28, 2020 · 7 comments
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cmd/go2go: Failing to handle generic instances that are unknown until the run time. #42863

Joker-vD opened this issue Nov 28, 2020 · 7 comments
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FrozenDueToAge NeedsInvestigation Someone must examine and confirm this is a valid issue and not a duplicate of an existing one.
Milestone
Go1.18

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@Joker-vD
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What version of Go are you using (go version)?

	fmt.Printf("%s\n", runtime.Version())
devel +9daca74ad2 Wed Nov 18 00:18:01 2020 +0000

What operating system and processor architecture are you using (go env)?

	fmt.Printf("%s/%s\n", runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
linux/amd64

What did you do?

https://go2goplay.golang.org/p/NZaWIbJ5DAw (inspired by an example from http://okmij.org/ftp/Computation/typeclass.html, starting at the words "The final example deals with polymorphic recursion").

What did you expect to see?

Either that the program compiles and outputs {{{{{test}}}}}, or a compilation error that essentially says "All generic instantiations must be known at compile time", or even "The type T in wrapper[T] is not allowed to be an instance of wrapper[T]", is reported.

I believe a slightly modified example (https://go2goplay.golang.org/p/1TnY_eXmRQY, with T's bound changed from any to fmt.Stringer) should not trigger "The type T in wrapper[T] is not allowed to be an instance of wrapper[T]" error, since in this case a value of type T is not directly embedded into wrapper[T] but instead an interface pointer to it is stored.

What did you see instead?

panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
[signal SIGSEGV: segmentation violation code=0x1 addr=0x48 pc=0x627cbe]

goroutine 1 [running]:
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6ec140, 0x8188c0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1250 +0x7e
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003895f0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007ac60, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389680, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007ad80, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389710, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007af30, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003897a0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b0e0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389830, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b290, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003898c0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b440, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b5f0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003899e0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b7a0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389a70, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007b950, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389b00, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007bb00, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389b90, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007bcb0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389c20, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc00007be60, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389cb0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388090, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389d40, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388240, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389dd0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003883f0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389e60, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003885a0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389ef0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388750, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d8000, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388900, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d8090, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388ab0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d8120, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388c60, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d81b0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388e10, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d8240, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000388fc0, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d82d0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389170, 0x58de00)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d8360, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc000389320, 0x40f100)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).sameType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003d83f0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003894d0, 0xc000367000)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1269 +0x1ec
go/go2go.(*translator).setType(0xc0003d3950, 0x6e90a0, 0xc00039f4a0, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003894d0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/types.go:39 +0x1c5
go/go2go.(*translator).typeToAST(0xc0003d3950, 0x6ec3c0, 0xc0003894d0, 0xc0003ba970, 0xc000366fd0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/types.go:601 +0x607
go/go2go.(*translator).typeListToASTList(0xc0003d3950, 0xc0003ba910, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1208 +0xe5
go/go2go.(*translator).instantiationTypes(0xc0003d3950, 0x6e8ca0, 0xc00039bae0, 0x0, 0xc00000c780, 0x5, 0xc0000fc000, 0xc0003672d0, 0x528c6c, 0x6578a0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:1071 +0x110
go/go2go.(*translator).translateFunctionInstantiation(0xc0003d3950, 0xc0003ba8e0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:889 +0xb1
go/go2go.(*translator).translateExpr(0xc0003d3950, 0xc0003ba8e0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:687 +0x3cc
go/go2go.(*translator).translateExprList(0xc0003d3950, 0xc0003ba8e0, 0x1, 0x1)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:865 +0x46
go/go2go.(*translator).translateStmt(0xc000367950, 0xc00039f390)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:596 +0x225
go/go2go.(*translator).translateBlockStmt(0xc0003d3950, 0xc0003c2090)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:547 +0x57
go/go2go.(*translator).translateFuncDecl(0xc000367950, 0xc0003be620)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:538 +0xdb
go/go2go.(*translator).translate(0xc0003d3950, 0xc00007a2d0)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:466 +0x391
go/go2go.rewriteAST(0xc000072280, 0xc00004a3c0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xc000055950, 0xc00007a2d0, 0x1, 0xc0000553b0, 0xc000055950)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/rewrite.go:257 +0xe5
go/go2go.RewriteBuffer(0xc00004a3c0, 0x7ffc9df9fdec, 0x1e, 0xc0000ba000, 0x172, 0x372, 0x0, 0xc000010a80, 0xc000010a50, 0xc000010a20, ...)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/go/go2go/go2go.go:144 +0x2c5
main.translateFile(0xc00004a3c0, 0x7ffc9df9fdec, 0x1e)
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/cmd/go2go/translate.go:26 +0xa9
main.main()
	/usr/local/go-faketime/src/cmd/go2go/main.go:74 +0x309

Go build failed.
@ianlancetaylor
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The generics design draft is clear that if a generic type refers to itself, it must use the same type arguments. Likely the same restriction should be applied to generic functions, in which case this test case would generate an error in the type checker.

@griesemer Any thoughts?

@ianlancetaylor ianlancetaylor added the NeedsInvestigation Someone must examine and confirm this is a valid issue and not a duplicate of an existing one. label Nov 28, 2020
@ianlancetaylor ianlancetaylor added this to the Unreleased milestone Nov 28, 2020
@Joker-vD
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Joker-vD commented Nov 28, 2020 •
edited
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if a generic type refers to itself, it must use the same type arguments

Oh, right, it says "refers", not "names". Perhaps some example in the document would be helpful? That e.g. if foo[T] has a T field, this T cannot be instantiated by foo[U] for any U, etc. Nevermind, there is an example.

Also, should not that part be talking about "instantiations of a generic type"? Strictly speaking the generic type wrapper[T] doesn't refer to itself, but its instantiation wrapper[wrapper[string]] refers to wrapper[string] which is an instantiation of the same generic type with different type, which is not allowed.

@Joker-vD
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Wait, does that mean that type Vector[T any] []T can't be used for making vectors of vectors, since Vector[Vector[int]] would break this restriction?

@ianlancetaylor
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The restriction is on the definition of Vector itself. There is no restriction on the type arguments used to instantiate Vector.

@Joker-vD
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Oh, I think now I get what restriction on generic functions you mean: func Foo[T] must only call itself (directly or indirectly) as Foo[T] exactly; so stringWrapped[T] is forbidden to instantiate and call stringWrapped[wrapper[T]], and so there is no explosion of types.

@griesemer
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In any case, this code should not lead to an endless recursion. The problem should be caught at typechecking time.

@griesemer griesemer self-assigned this Dec 2, 2020
@griesemer griesemer modified the milestones: Unreleased, Go1.17 Dec 2, 2020
@griesemer griesemer modified the milestones: Go1.17, Go1.18 Apr 14, 2021
@griesemer
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Closing as duplicate of #48098.

@golang golang locked and limited conversation to collaborators Jun 23, 2023
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