diff --git a/bigframes/core/blocks.py b/bigframes/core/blocks.py
index a3a2ac36f5..35cb7d41ae 100644
--- a/bigframes/core/blocks.py
+++ b/bigframes/core/blocks.py
@@ -2166,7 +2166,7 @@ def merge(
                 result_columns.append(get_column_left[col_id])
         for col_id in other.value_columns:
             if col_id in right_join_ids:
-                if other.col_id_to_label[matching_right_id] in matching_join_labels:
+                if other.col_id_to_label[col_id] in matching_join_labels:
                     pass
                 else:
                     result_columns.append(get_column_right[col_id])
diff --git a/tests/system/small/test_dataframe.py b/tests/system/small/test_dataframe.py
index 596b9b17f1..fa451da35f 100644
--- a/tests/system/small/test_dataframe.py
+++ b/tests/system/small/test_dataframe.py
@@ -1635,6 +1635,29 @@ def test_merge_left_on_right_on(scalars_dfs, merge_how):
     )
 
 
+def test_self_merge_self_w_on_args():
+    data = {
+        "A": pd.Series([1, 2, 3], dtype="Int64"),
+        "B": pd.Series([1, 2, 3], dtype="Int64"),
+        "C": pd.Series([100, 200, 300], dtype="Int64"),
+        "D": pd.Series(["alpha", "beta", "gamma"], dtype="string[pyarrow]"),
+    }
+    df = pd.DataFrame(data)
+
+    df1 = df[["A", "C"]]
+    df2 = df[["B", "C", "D"]]
+    pd_result = df1.merge(df2, left_on=["A", "C"], right_on=["B", "C"], how="inner")
+
+    bf_df = bpd.DataFrame(data)
+
+    bf_df1 = bf_df[["A", "C"]]
+    bf_df2 = bf_df[["B", "C", "D"]]
+    bf_result = bf_df1.merge(
+        bf_df2, left_on=["A", "C"], right_on=["B", "C"], how="inner"
+    ).to_pandas()
+    pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(bf_result, pd_result, check_index_type=False)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("decimals",),
     [