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<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pascal's Pensées, by Blaise Pascal.</title>


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<body><p>It is not absolution only which remits sins by the sacrament of penance, but contrition, which is not real if it does not seek the sacrament.<a id="Page_272" class="pageno" title="[Pg 272]"/></p>
<h4 id="pgepubid00954"><a id="p_923"/>923</h4>
<p>People who do not keep their word, without faith, without honour, without truth, deceitful in heart, deceitful in speech; for which that amphibious animal in fable was once reproached, which held itself in a doubtful position between the fish and the birds ...</p>
<p>It is important to kings and princes to be considered pious; and therefore they must confess themselves to you.</p>
<hr class="c2"/>
<p><a id="Page_273" class="pageno" title="[Pg 273]"/></p>
<h2 id="pgepubid00955"><a id="NOTES"/>NOTES</h2>
<p>The following brief notes are mainly based on those of M. Brunschvicg. But those of MM. Faugère, Molinier, and Havet have also been consulted. The biblical references are to the Authorised English Version. Those in the text are to the Vulgate, except where it has seemed advisable to alter the reference to the English Version.</p>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_1_5"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_1_5" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> P. 1, l. 1. <i>The difference between the mathematical and the intuitive mind.</i>—Pascal is here distinguishing the logical or discursive type of mind, a good example of which is found in mathematical reasoning, and what we should call the intuitive type of mind, which sees everything at a glance. A practical man of sound judgment exemplifies the latter; for he is in fact guided by impressions of past experience, and does not consciously reason from general principles.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_2_6"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_2_6" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> P. 2, l. 34. <i>There are different kinds</i>, etc.—This is probably a subdivision of the discursive type of mind.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_3_7"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_3_7" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> P. 3, l. 31. <i>By rule.</i>—This is an emendation by M. Brunschvicg. The MS. has <i>sans règle</i>.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_4_8"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_4_8" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> P. 4, l. 3. <i>I judge by my watch.</i>—Pascal is said to have always carried a watch attached to his left wrist-band.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_5_9"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_5_9" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> P. 5, l. 21. <i>Scaramouch.</i>—A traditional character in Italian comedy.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_6_10"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_6_10" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> P. 5, l. 22. <i>The doctor.</i>—Also a traditional character in Italian comedy.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_7_11"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_7_11" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> P. 5, l. 24. <i>Cleobuline.</i>—Princess, and afterwards Queen of Corinth, figures in the romance of Mademoiselle de Scudéry, entitled <i>Artamène ou le Grand Cyrus</i>. She is enamoured of one of her subjects, Myrinthe. But she "loved him without thinking of love; and remained so long in that error, that this affection was no longer in a state to be overcome, when she became aware of it." The character is supposed to have been drawn from Christina of Sweden.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_8_12"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_8_12" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> P. 6, l. 21. <i>Rivers are</i>, etc.—Apparently suggested by a chapter in Rabelais: <i>How we descended in the isle of Odes, in which the roads walk</i>.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_9_13"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_9_13" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> P. 6, l. 30. <i>Salomon de Tultie.</i>—A pseudonym adopted by Pascal as the author of the <i>Provincial Letters</i>.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_10_14"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_10_14" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> P. 7, l. 7. <i>Abstine et sustine.</i>—A maxim of the Stoics.</p>
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<p><a id="Page_274" class="pageno" title="[Pg 274]"/></p>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_11_15"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_11_15" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> P. 7, l. 8. <i>Follow nature.</i>—The maxim in which the Stoics summed up their positive ethical teaching.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_12_16"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_12_16" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> P. 7, l. 9. <i>As Plato.</i>—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 9.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_13_17"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_13_17" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> P. 9, l. 29. <i>We call this jargon poetical beauty.</i>—According to M. Havet, Pascal refers here to Malherbe and his school.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_14_18"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_14_18" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> P. 10, l. 23. <i>Ne quid nimis.</i>—Nothing in excess, a celebrated maxim in ancient Greek philosophy.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_15_19"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_15_19" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> P. 11, l. 26. <i>That epigram about two one-eyed people.</i>—M. Havet points out that this is not Martial's, but is to be found in <i>Epigrammatum Delectus</i>, published by Port-Royal in 1659.</p>
<div class="poem">
<div class="stanza"><span class="i0"><i>Lumine Æon dextro, capta est Leonilla sinistro,</i><br/></span> <span class="i0"><i>Et potis est forma vincere uterque deos.</i><br/></span> <span class="i0"><i>Blande puer, lumen quod habes concede parenti,</i><br/></span> <span class="i0"><i>Sic tu cæcus Amor, sic erit ilia Venus.</i><br/></span></div>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_16_20"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_16_20" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> P. 11, l. 29. <i>Ambitiosa recidet ornamenta.</i>—Horace, <i>De Arte Poetica</i>, 447.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_17_21"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_17_21" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> P. 13, l. 2. <i>Cartesian.</i>—One who follows the philosophy of Descartes (1596-1650), "the father of modern philosophy."</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_18_22"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_18_22" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> P. 13, l. 8. <i>Le Maître.</i>—A famous French advocate in Pascal's time. His <i>Plaidoyers el Harangues</i> appeared in 1657. <i>Plaidoyer VI</i> is entitled <i>Pour un fils mis en religion par force</i>, and on the first page occurs the word <i>répandre: "Dieu qui répand des aveuglements et des ténèbres sur les passions illégitimes.</i>" Pascal's reference is probably to this passage.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_19_23"/><a href="18269-h-0.html#FNanchor_19_23" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> P. 13, l. 12. <i>The Cardinal.</i>—Mazarin. He was one of those statesmen who do not like condolences.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_20_24"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_20_24" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> P. 14, l. 12. <i>Saint Thomas.</i>—Thomas Aquinas (1223-74), one of the greatest scholastic philosophers.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_21_25"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_21_25" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> P. 14, l. 16. <i>Charron.</i>—A friend of Montaigne. His <i>Traité de la Sagesse</i> (1601), which is not a large book, contains 117 chapters, each of which is subdivided.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_22_26"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_22_26" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> P. 14, l. 17. <i>Of the confusion of Montaigne.</i>—The Essays of Montaigne follow each other without any kind of order.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_23_27"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_23_27" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> P. 14, l. 27. <i>Mademoiselle de Gournay.</i>—The adopted daughter of Montaigne. She published in 1595 an edition of his <i>Essais</i>, and, in a Preface (added later), she defends him on this point.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_24_28"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_24_28" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> P. 15, l. 1. <i>People without eyes.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_25_29"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_25_29" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> P. 15, l. 1. <i>Squaring the circle.</i>—Ibid., ii, 14.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_26_30"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_26_30" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> P. 15, l. 1. <i>A greater world.</i>—Ibid., ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_27_31"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_27_31" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> P. 15, l. 2. <i>On suicide and on death.</i>—Ibid., ii, 3.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_28_32"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_28_32" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> P. 15, l. 3. <i>Without fear and without repentance.</i>—Ibid., iii., 2.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_29_33"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_29_33" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> P. 15, l. 7. (730, 231).—These two references of Pascal are to the edition of the <i>Essais</i> of Montaigne, published in 1636.</p>
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<p><a id="Page_275" class="pageno" title="[Pg 275]"/></p>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_30_34"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_30_34" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> P. 16, l. 32. <i>The centre which is everywhere, and the circumference nowhere.</i>—M. Havet traces this saying to Empedocles. Pascal must have read it in Mlle de Gournay's preface to her edition of Montaigne's <i>Essais</i>.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_31_35"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_31_35" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> P. 18, l. 33. <i>I will speak of the whole.</i>—This saying of Democritus is quoted by Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_32_36"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_32_36" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> P. 18, l. 37. <i>Principles of Philosophy.</i>—The title of one of Descartes's philosophical writings, published in 1644. See note on p. 13, l. 8 above.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_33_37"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_33_37" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> P. 18, l. 39. <i>De omni scibili.</i>—The title under which Pico della Mirandola announced nine hundred propositions which he proposed to uphold publicly at Rome in 1486.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_34_38"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_34_38" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> P. 19, l. 26. <i>Beneficia eo usque læta sunt.</i>—Tacitus, <i>Ann.</i>, lib. iv, c. xviii. Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 8.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_35_39"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_35_39" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> P. 21, l. 35. <i>Modus quo</i>, etc.—St. Augustine, <i>De Civ. Dei</i>, xxi, 10. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_36_40"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_36_40" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> P. 22, l. 8. <i>Felix qui</i>, etc.—Virgil, <i>Georgics</i>, ii, 489, quoted by Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 10.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_37_41"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_37_41" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> P. 22, l. 10. <i>Nihil admirari</i>, etc.—Horace, <i>Epistles</i>, I. vi. 1. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 10.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_38_42"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_38_42" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> P. 22, l. 19. 394.—A reference to Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_39_43"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_39_43" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> P. 22, l. 20. 395.—Ibid.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_40_44"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_40_44" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> P. 22, l. 22. 399.—Ibid.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_41_45"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_41_45" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> P. 22, l. 28. <i>Harum sententiarum.</i>—Cicero, <i>Tusc.</i>, i, 11, Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_42_46"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_42_46" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> P. 22, l. 39. <i>Felix qui</i>, etc.—See above, notes on p. 22, l. 8 and l. 10.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_43_47"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_43_47" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> P. 22, l. 40. 280 <i>kinds of sovereign good in Montaigne.</i>—<i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_44_48"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_44_48" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> P. 23, l. 1. <i>Part I</i>, 1, 2, <i>c</i>. 1, <i>section</i> 4.—This reference is to Pascal's <i>Traité du vide</i>.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_45_49"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_45_49" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> P. 23, l. 25. <i>How comes it</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 8.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_46_50"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_46_50" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> P. 23, l. 29. See Epictetus, <i>Diss.</i>, iv, 6. He was a great Roman Stoic in the time of Domitian.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_47_51"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_47_51" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> P. 24, l. 9. <i>It is natural</i>, etc.—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 4.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_48_52"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_48_52" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> P. 24, l. 12. <i>Imagination.</i>—This fragment is suggestive of Montaigne. See <i>Essais</i>, iii, 8.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_49_53"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_49_53" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> P. 25, l. 16. <i>If the greatest philosopher</i>, etc. See Raymond Sebond's <i>Apologie</i>, from which Pascal has derived his illustrations.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_50_54"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_50_54" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> P. 26, l. 1. <i>Furry cats.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 8.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_51_55"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_51_55" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> P. 26, l. 31. <i>Della opinione</i>, etc.—No work is known under this name. It may refer to a treatise by Carlo Flori, which bears a title like this. But its date (1690) is after Pascal's death (1662), though there may have been earlier editions.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_52_56"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_52_56" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> P. 27, l. 12. <i>Source of error in diseases.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_53_57"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_53_57" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> P. 27, l. 27. <i>They rival each other</i>, etc.—Ibid.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_54_58"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_54_58" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> P. 28, l. 31. <i>Næ iste</i>, etc.—Terence, <i>Heaut.</i>, IV, i, 8. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 1.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_55_59"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_55_59" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> P. 28, l. 15. <i>Quasi quidquam</i>, etc.—Plin., ii, 7. Montaigne, ibid.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_56_60"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_56_60" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> P. 28, l. 29. <i>Quod crebro</i>, etc.—Cicero, <i>De Divin.</i>, ii, 49.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_57_61"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_57_61" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> P. 29, l. 1. <i>Spongia solis.</i>—The spots on the sun. Pascal sees in<a id="Page_276" class="pageno" title="[Pg 276]"/> them the beginning of the darkening of the sun, and thinks that there will therefore come a day when there will be no sun.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_58_62"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_58_62" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> P. 29, l. 15. <i>Custom is a second nature</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 22.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_59_63"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_59_63" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> P. 29, l. 19. <i>Omne animal.</i>—See Genesis vii, 14.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_60_64"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_60_64" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> P. 30, l. 22. <i>Hence savages</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 22.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_61_65"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_61_65" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> P. 32, l. 3. <i>A great part of Europe</i>, etc.—An allusion to the Reformation.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_62_66"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_62_66" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> P. 33, l. 13. <i>Alexander's chastity.</i>—Pascal apparently has in mind Alexander's treatment of Darius's wife and daughters after the battle of Issus.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_63_67"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_63_67" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> P. 34, l. 17. <i>Lustravit lampade terras.</i>—Part of Cicero's translation of two lines from Homer, <i>Odyssey</i>, xviii, 136. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
<div class="poem">
<div class="stanza"><span class="i0"><i>Tales sunt hominum mentes, quali pater ipse</i><br/></span> <span class="i0"><i>Jupiter auctiferas lustravit lampade terras.</i><br/></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_64_68"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_64_68" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> P. 34, l. 32. <i>Nature gives</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 19.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_65_69"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_65_69" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> P. 37, l. 23. <i>Our nature consists</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 13.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_66_70"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_66_70" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> P. 38, l. 1. <i>Weariness.</i>—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_67_71"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_67_71" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> P. 38, l. 8. <i>Cæsar was too old</i>, etc.—See Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 34.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_68_72"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_68_72" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> P. 38, l. 30. <i>A mere trifle</i>, etc.—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 4.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_69_73"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_69_73" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> P. 40, l. 21. <i>Advice given to Pyrrhus.</i>—Ibid., i, 42.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_70_74"/><a href="18269-h-1.html#FNanchor_70_74" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> P. 41, l. 2. <i>They do not know</i>, etc.—Ibid., i, 19.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_71_75"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_71_75" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> P. 44, l. 14. <i>They are</i>, etc.—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 38.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_72_76"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_72_76" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> P. 46, l. 7. <i>Those who write</i>, etc.—A thought of Cicero in <i>Pro Archia</i>, mentioned by Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 41.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_73_77"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_73_77" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> P. 47, l. 3. <i>Ferox gens.</i>—Livy, xxxiv, 17. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 40.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_74_78"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_74_78" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> P. 47, l. 5. <i>Every opinion</i>, etc.—Montaigne, ibid.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_75_79"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_75_79" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> P. 47, l. 12. 184.—This is a reference to Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 40. See also ibid., iii, 10.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_76_80"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_76_80" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> P. 48, l. 8. <i>I know not what (Corneille).</i>—See <i>Médée,</i> II, vi, and <i>Rodogune</i>, I, v.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_77_81"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_77_81" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> P. 48, l. 22. <i>In omnibus requiem quæsivi.</i>—Eccles. xxiv, II, in the Vulgate.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_78_82"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_78_82" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> P. 50, l. 5. <i>The future alone is our end.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_79_83"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_79_83" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> P. 50, l. 14. <i>Solomon.</i>—Considered by Pascal as the author of Ecclesiastes.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_80_84"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_80_84" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> P. 50, l. 20. <i>Unconscious of approaching fever.</i>—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 19.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_81_85"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_81_85" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> P. 50, l. 22. <i>Cromwell.</i>—Cromwell died in 1658 of a fever, and not of the gravel. The Restoration took place in 1660, and this fragment was written about that date.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_82_86"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_82_86" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> P. 50, l. 28. <i>The three hosts.</i>—Charles I was beheaded in 1649; Queen Christina of Sweden abdicated in 1654; Jean Casimir, King of Poland, was deposed in 1656.<a id="Page_277" class="pageno" title="[Pg 277]"/></p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_83_87"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_83_87" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> P. 50, l. 32. <i>Macrobius.</i>—A Latin writer of the fifth century. He was a Neo-Platonist in philosophy. One of his works is entitled <i>Saturnalia</i>.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_84_88"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_84_88" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> P. 51, l. 5. <i>The great and the humble</i>, etc.—See Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_85_89"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_85_89" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> P. 53, l. 5. <i>Miton.</i>—A man of fashion in Paris known to Pascal.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_86_90"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_86_90" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> P. 53, l. 15. <i>Deus absconditus.</i>—Is. xiv, 15.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_87_91"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_87_91" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> P. 60, l. 26. <i>Fascinatio nugacitatis.</i>—Book of Wisdom iv, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_88_92"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_88_92" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> P. 61, l. 10. <i>Memoria hospitis</i>, etc.—Book of Wisdom v, 15.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_89_93"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_89_93" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> P. 62, l. 5. <i>Instability.</i>—Compare Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_90_94"/><a href="18269-h-2.html#FNanchor_90_94" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> P. 66, l. 19. <i>Foolishness, stultitium.</i>—I Cor. i, 18.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_91_95"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_91_95" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> P. 71, l. 5. <i>To prove Divinity from the works of nature.</i>—A traditional argument of the Stoics like Cicero and Seneca, and of rationalist theologians like Raymond Sebond, Charron, etc. It is the argument from Design in modern philosophy.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_92_96"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_92_96" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> P. 71, l. 27. <i>Nemo novit</i>, etc.—Matthew xi, 27. In the Vulgate, it is <i>Neque patrem quis novit</i>, etc. Pascal's biblical quotations are often incorrect. Many seem to have been made from memory.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_93_97"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_93_97" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> P. 71, l. 30. <i>Those who seek God find Him.</i>—Matthew vii, 7.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_94_98"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_94_98" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> P. 72, l. 3. <i>Vere tu es Deus absconditus.</i>—Is. xiv, 15.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_95_99"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_95_99" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> P. 72, l. 22. <i>Ne evacuetur crux Christi.</i>—I Cor. i, 17. In the Vulgate we have<i>ut non</i> instead of <i>ne</i>.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_96_100"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_96_100" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> P. 72, l. 25. <i>The machine.</i>—A Cartesian expression. Descartes considered animals as mere automata. According to Pascal, whatever does not proceed in us from reflective thought is a product of a necessary mechanism, which has its root in the body, and which is continued into the mind in imagination and the passions. It is therefore necessary for man so to alter, and adjust this mechanism, that it will always follow, and not obstruct, the good will.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_97_101"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_97_101" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> P. 73, l. 3. <i>Justus ex fide vivit.</i>—Romans i, 17.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_98_102"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_98_102" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> P. 73, l. 5. <i>Fides ex auditu.</i>—Romans x, 17.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_99_103"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_99_103" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> P. 73, l. 12. <i>The creature.</i>—What is purely natural in us.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_100_104"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_100_104" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> P. 74, l. 15. <i>Inclina cor meum, Deus.</i>—Ps. cxix, 36.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_101_105"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_101_105" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> P. 75, l. 11. <i>Unus quisque sibi Deum fingit.</i>—See Book of Wisdom xv, 6, 16.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_102_106"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_102_106" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> P. 76, l. 34. <i>Eighth beatitude.</i>—Matthew v, 10. It is to the fourth beatitude that the thought directly refers.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_103_107"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_103_107" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> P. 77, l. 6. <i>One thousand and twenty-eight.</i>—The number of the stars according to Ptolemy's catalogue.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_104_108"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_104_108" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> P. 77, l. 29. <i>Saint Augustine.</i>—<i>Epist.</i> cxx, 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_105_109"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_105_109" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> P. 78, l. 1. <i>Nisi efficiamini sicut parvuli.</i>—Matthew xviii, 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_106_110"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_106_110" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> P. 80, l. 20. <i>Inclina cor meum, Deus, in</i>....—Ps. cxix, 36.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_107_111"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_107_111" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> P. 80, l. 22. <i>Its establishment.</i>—The constitution of the Christian Church.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_108_112"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_108_112" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> P. 81, l. 20. <i>The youths and maidens and children of the Church would prophesy.</i>—Joel ii, 28.<a id="Page_278" class="pageno" title="[Pg 278]"/></p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_109_113"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_109_113" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> P. 83, l. 11. <i>On what</i>, etc.—See Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_110_114"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_110_114" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> P. 84, l. 16. <i>Nihil amplius ... est.</i>—Ibid. Cicero, <i>De Finibus</i>, v, 21.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_111_115"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_111_115" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> P. 84, l. 17. <i>Ex senatus ... exercentur.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 1. Seneca, <i>Letters</i>, 95.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_112_116"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_112_116" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> P. 84, l. 18. <i>Ut olim ... laboramus.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 13. Tacitus, <i>Ann.</i>, iii, 25.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_113_117"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_113_117" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> P. 84, l. 20. <i>The interest of the sovereign.</i>—The view of Thrasymachus in Plato's <i>Republic</i>, i, 338.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_114_118"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_114_118" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> P. 84, l. 21. <i>Another, present custom.</i>—The doctrine of the Cyrenaics. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 13.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_115_119"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_115_119" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> P. 84, l. 24. <i>The mystical foundation of its authority.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 13. See also ii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_116_120"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_116_120" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> P. 85, l. 2. <i>The wisest of legislators.</i>—Plato. See <i>Republic</i>, ii, 389, and v, 459.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_117_121"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_117_121" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> P. 85, l. 4. <i>Cum veritatem</i>, etc.—An inexact quotation from St. Augustine, <i>De Civ. Dei</i>, iv, 27. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 12.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_118_122"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_118_122" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> P. 85, l. 17. <i>Veri juris.</i>—Cicero, <i>De Officiis</i>, iii, 17. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, I.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_119_123"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_119_123" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> P. 86, l. 9. <i>When a strong man</i>, etc.—Luke xi, 21.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_120_124"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_120_124" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> P. 86, l. 26. <i>Because he who will</i>, etc.—See Epictetus, <i>Diss.</i>, iii, 12.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_121_125"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_121_125" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> P. 88, l. 19. <i>Civil wars are the greatest of evils.</i>—Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, iii, 11.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_122_126"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_122_126" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> P. 89, l. 5. <i>Montaigne.</i>—<i>Essais</i>, i, 42.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_123_127"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_123_127" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> P. 91, l. 8. <i>Savages laugh at an infant king.</i>—An allusion to a visit of some savages to Europe. They were greatly astonished to see grown men obey the child king, Charles IX. Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 30.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_124_128"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_124_128" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> P. 92, l. 8. <i>Man's true state.</i>—See Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, i, 54.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_125_129"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_125_129" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> P. 95, l. 3. <i>Omnis ... vanitati.</i>—Eccles. iii, 19.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_126_130"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_126_130" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> P. 95, l. 4. <i>Liberabitur.</i>—Romans viii, 20-21.</p>
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<div class="footnote">
<p><a id="Footnote_127_131"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_127_131" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> P. 95, l. 4. <i>Saint Thomas.</i>—In his Commentary on the Epistle of St. James. James ii, 1.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_128_132"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_128_132" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> P. 96, l. 9. <i>The account of the pike and frog of Liancourt.</i>—The story is unknown. The Duc de Liancourt led a vicious life in youth, but was converted by his wife. He became one of the firmest supporters of Port-Royal.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_129_133"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_129_133" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> P. 97, l. 18. <i>Philosophers.</i>—The Stoics.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_130_134"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_130_134" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> P. 97, l. 24. <i>Epictetus.</i>—<i>Diss.</i>, iv, 7.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_131_135"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_131_135" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> P. 97, l. 26. <i>Those great spiritual efforts</i>, etc.—On this, and the following fragment, see Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 29.</p>
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<p><a id="Footnote_132_136"/><a href="18269-h-3.html#FNanchor_132_136" class="pginternal"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> P. 98, l. 3. <i>Epaminondas.</i>—Praised by Montaigne, <i>Essais</i>, ii, 36. See also iii, 1.</p>
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