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Error Codes

Errors use numeric codes with phase prefixes for stable testing:

Prefix Group Description
I Internal Bugs, OOM (exit 101)
D Driver CLI, files, backend (exit 1)
L Lexer Invalid characters (exit 1)
P Parser Syntax errors (exit 1)
S Semantic Type/scope errors (exit 1)
R Runtime Assertion failures (exit 2)

Error Format

# Source errors (with location)
file.nore:3:15: error[P002]: Expected ')' after expression

# Driver errors (no location)
error[D002]: Unknown flag: --invalid

All Error Codes

  • L001: Invalid character

  • L002: Unterminated block comment

  • L003: Unterminated string literal

  • L004: Invalid escape sequence

  • L005: Empty character literal

  • L006: Character literal must contain exactly one character

  • P006: Integer literal out of range (overflow)

  • P007: Expected '}' to close block

  • P008: Expected '(' after 'if'

  • P009: Expected ')' after if condition

  • P010: Expected '{' for if/else body

  • P011: Expected '(' after 'while'

  • P012: Expected ')' after while condition

  • P013: Expected '{' for while body

  • P014: Expected ':' after identifier (type annotation required)

  • P015: Expected type (i64, i32, u8, u32, f64, bool, str, or Arena)

  • P016: Expected declaration at top level

  • P017: Expected function name after 'func'

  • P018: Expected '(' after function name

  • P019: Expected ')' after parameters

  • P020: Expected ':' before return type

  • P021: Expected return type (i64, i32, u8, u32, f64, bool, str, Arena, or void)

  • P022: Expected '=' before function body

  • P023: Expected '{' for function body

  • P024: Expected value type name after 'value'

  • P025: Expected '{' after value type name

  • P026: Expected field name in value type

  • P027: Expected '}' to close value type

  • P028: Expected field name in constructor

  • P029: Expected ':' after field name in constructor

  • P030: Expected '}' to close constructor

  • P031: Expected element type in array type

  • P032: Expected ';' in array type

  • P033: Expected array size

  • P034: Expected ']'

  • P035: Expected ']' to close array literal

  • P036: Expected 'ref' after 'mut' in parameter

  • P037: Expected 'ref' after 'mut' in argument

  • P038: Expected 'in' after loop variable in for-loop

  • P039: Expected '..' in for-loop range

  • P040: Expected '{' for for-loop body

  • P041: Expected enum type name after 'enum'

  • P042: Expected '{' after enum name

  • P043: Expected '}' to close enum

  • P044: Expected variant name in enum

  • P045: Unknown enum variant

  • P046: Expected import path after module alias

  • P047: Expected ']' after slice range

  • P048: Expected ')' after variant payload type

  • P049: Expected '(' after 'match'

  • P050: Expected ')' after match scrutinee

  • P051: Expected '{' for match body

  • P052: Expected variant name in match arm

  • P053: Expected '=' after match pattern

  • P054: Expected '}' to close match

  • P055: Expected ')' after match binding

  • P056: 'pub' must be followed by a declaration

  • P057: 'pub' cannot be used on imports

  • P058: Expected module alias after 'import'

  • P059: 'native' must be followed by 'func'

  • P060: Native function must not have a body

  • D007: Cannot find imported file

  • S001: Duplicate variable declaration

  • S002: Undeclared variable

  • S003: Cannot assign to immutable variable

  • S004: 'break' outside of loop

  • S005: 'continue' outside of loop

  • S006: Type mismatch

  • S007: Condition must be bool (if/while/assert)

  • S008: Duplicate function declaration

  • S009: No 'main' function defined

  • S010: Invalid main signature (must be (): void)

  • S011: Duplicate parameter name

  • S012: void is not valid as parameter type

  • S013: Return type mismatch

  • S014: Void function cannot return a value

  • S015: Non-void function must return a value

  • S016: Undefined function

  • S017: Wrong number of arguments

  • S018: Argument type mismatch

  • S019: Division by zero in constant expression

  • S020: Type annotation required (expression is not compile-time constant)

  • S021: If/else branches have incompatible types

  • S022: Duplicate field in value type declaration

  • S023: Invalid type for value type field

  • S024: Unknown field in constructor

  • S025: Missing field in constructor

  • S026: Duplicate field in constructor

  • S027: Not a value type (constructor on non-value)

  • S028: Field access on non-value type

  • S029: Unknown field access

  • S030: Cannot assign to field of immutable variable

  • S031: Array size must be positive integer

  • S032: Array literal wrong number of elements

  • S033: Array element type mismatch

  • S034: Index must be integer

  • S035: Cannot index non-array type

  • S036: Cannot assign to element of immutable variable

  • S037: ref not allowed on value type fields

  • S038: ref/mut ref mismatch between call site and parameter

  • S039: Cannot take reference of non-addressable expression

  • S040: Cannot pass mut ref to immutable variable

  • S041: Cannot take reference of scalar field (just copy it)

  • S042: Cannot take reference of array element

  • S043: Cannot copy struct/Arena/slice-bearing tagged union variable (not copyable)

  • S044: Struct/Arena/slice-bearing tagged union parameter must use 'ref' or 'mut ref'

  • S045: Cannot embed struct/Arena/slice-bearing tagged union type as field

  • S046: Slice type not allowed as local variable (use arena_alloc or function call)

  • S047: Slice type not allowed as field (value types only; allowed in structs)

  • S048: (no longer emitted — replaced by S053 escape analysis)

  • S049: Slice parameter must use 'ref' or 'mut ref'

  • S050: Literal out of range for target type / integer overflow in constant expression

  • S051: arena_alloc() requires Arena type

  • S052: Cannot arena_alloc from immutable Arena (use 'mut')

  • S053: Slice escapes local arena (direct, indirect via struct, or transitive via function call)

  • S054: String literals cannot be mutable (use 'val')

  • S055: Cannot arena_reset immutable Arena (use 'mut')

  • S056: Use of slice invalidated by arena reset

  • S057: Global variable initializer must be a constant expression (or arena constructor)

  • S058: For-loop range bound must be integer type

  • S059: Table field must be value-compatible (no slices, structs, or Arena)

  • S060: table_len/table_get/table_insert requires a table type

  • S061: modulo operator '%' is not supported on floating-point types

  • S062: bitwise operators are not supported on floating-point types

  • S063: Cannot cast non-numeric type (only numeric types can be cast)

  • S064: I/O built-in fd argument must be integer type

  • S065: I/O built-in data/buffer/path argument must be []u8 or [u8; N]

  • S066: fd_read() buffer must be mutable

  • S067: Arithmetic or ordering not allowed on enum type

  • S068: Cannot compare different enum types

  • S069: Duplicate variant name in enum

  • S070: Duplicate type name (enum name already used)

  • S071: Slice range bound must be integer type

  • S072: Cannot sub-slice non-array/slice type

  • S073: Match scrutinee is not a tagged enum type

  • S074: Non-exhaustive match (missing variants)

  • S075: Duplicate variant in match arms

  • S076: Match arm types incompatible (expression form)

  • S077: Payload type mismatch in tagged union variant construction

  • S078: Unexpected payload for non-data variant

  • S079: Missing payload for data variant

  • S080: Cannot compare tagged enum (use match instead)

  • S081: Cannot cast tagged enum to numeric type

  • S082: Variant payload type not value-compatible (no structs or Arena)

  • S083: Function is not public in the target module (qualified access to non-pub func)

  • S084: Type is not public in the target module (qualified access to non-pub type)

  • S085: Value is not public in the target module (qualified access to non-pub val/mut)

  • S086: Unknown native function name (not a compiler-provided built-in)

  • S087: Built-in function requires native declaration in the current module

  • S088: Assignment target must be a variable, field, or index expression

  • R001: Assertion failed

  • R002: Array index out of bounds

  • R003: Cast overflow (value out of range for target type at runtime)

  • R004: Slice bounds out of range

Error Functions

  • panic(code, fmt, ...) - Internal errors, exits 101
  • error(code, fmt, ...) - User errors without location
  • diagnostic(code, line, col, fmt, ...) - Collects user errors with location
  • report_errors_and_exit() - Prints all collected errors and exits
  • too_many_errors() - Returns true when error limit (10) is reached

Error Recovery

The compiler uses panic mode recovery to collect multiple errors:

  • On parse error, skips to next statement boundary and continues
  • Collects up to 10 errors before stopping
  • Reports all errors at the end of compilation
  • Semantic analysis runs even if there were parse errors