Avoid explicitly resetting a std::[experimental::]optional

Now that #851 has removed all multiple uses of a caster, it can just use
the default-constructed value with needing a reset. This fixes two
issues:

1. With std::experimental::optional (at least under GCC 5.4), the `= {}`
would construct an instance of the optional type and then move-assign
it, which fails if the value type isn't move-assignable.

2. With older versions of Boost, the `= {}` could fail because it is
ambiguous, allowing construction of either `boost::none` or the value
type.

Author: bmerry

include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ template<typename T> struct optional_caster {
         if (!src) {
             return false;
         } else if (src.is_none()) {
-            value = {};  // nullopt
-            return true;
+            return true;  // default-constructed value is already empty
         }
         value_conv inner_caster;
         if (!inner_caster.load(src, convert))

tests/test_python_types.cpp

@@ -188,6 +188,18 @@ struct MoveOutContainer {
 
 struct UnregisteredType { };
 
+// Class that can be move- and copy-constructed, but not assigned
+struct NoAssign {
+    int value;
+
+    explicit NoAssign(int value = 0) : value(value) {}
+    NoAssign(const NoAssign &) = default;
+    NoAssign(NoAssign &&) = default;
+
+    NoAssign &operator=(const NoAssign &) = delete;
+    NoAssign &operator=(NoAssign &&) = delete;
+};
+
 test_initializer python_types([](py::module &m) {
     /* No constructor is explicitly defined below. An exception is raised when
        trying to construct it directly from Python */
@@ -236,6 +248,10 @@ test_initializer python_types([](py::module &m) {
         py::print("{a} + {b} = {c}"_s.format("a"_a="py::print", "b"_a="str.format", "c"_a="this"));
     });
 
+    py::class_<NoAssign>(m, "NoAssign", "Class with no C++ assignment operators")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def(py::init<int>());
+
     m.def("test_print_failure", []() { py::print(42, UnregisteredType()); });
 #if !defined(NDEBUG)
     m.attr("debug_enabled") = true;
@@ -326,6 +342,7 @@ test_initializer python_types([](py::module &m) {
 #ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL
     has_optional = true;
     using opt_int = std::optional<int>;
+    using opt_no_assign = std::optional<NoAssign>;
     m.def("double_or_zero", [](const opt_int& x) -> int {
         return x.value_or(0) * 2;
     });
@@ -335,11 +352,15 @@ test_initializer python_types([](py::module &m) {
     m.def("test_nullopt", [](opt_int x) {
         return x.value_or(42);
     }, py::arg_v("x", std::nullopt, "None"));
+    m.def("test_no_assign", [](const opt_no_assign &x) {
+        return x ? x->value : 42;
+    }, py::arg_v("x", std::nullopt, "None"));
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL
     has_exp_optional = true;
     using exp_opt_int = std::experimental::optional<int>;
+    using exp_opt_no_assign = std::experimental::optional<NoAssign>;
     m.def("double_or_zero_exp", [](const exp_opt_int& x) -> int {
         return x.value_or(0) * 2;
     });
@@ -349,6 +370,9 @@ test_initializer python_types([](py::module &m) {
     m.def("test_nullopt_exp", [](exp_opt_int x) {
         return x.value_or(42);
     }, py::arg_v("x", std::experimental::nullopt, "None"));
+    m.def("test_no_assign_exp", [](const exp_opt_no_assign &x) {
+        return x ? x->value : 42;
+    }, py::arg_v("x", std::experimental::nullopt, "None"));
 #endif
 
     m.attr("has_optional") = has_optional;

tests/test_python_types.py

@@ -337,7 +337,8 @@ def func(self, x, *args):
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_optional, reason='no <optional>')
 def test_optional():
-    from pybind11_tests import double_or_zero, half_or_none, test_nullopt
+    from pybind11_tests import (double_or_zero, half_or_none, test_nullopt,
+                                test_no_assign, NoAssign)
 
     assert double_or_zero(None) == 0
     assert double_or_zero(42) == 84
@@ -352,10 +353,16 @@ def test_optional():
     assert test_nullopt(42) == 42
     assert test_nullopt(43) == 43
 
+    assert test_no_assign() == 42
+    assert test_no_assign(None) == 42
+    assert test_no_assign(NoAssign(43)) == 43
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, test_no_assign, 43)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_exp_optional, reason='no <experimental/optional>')
 def test_exp_optional():
-    from pybind11_tests import double_or_zero_exp, half_or_none_exp, test_nullopt_exp
+    from pybind11_tests import (double_or_zero_exp, half_or_none_exp, test_nullopt_exp,
+                                test_no_assign_exp, NoAssign)
 
     assert double_or_zero_exp(None) == 0
     assert double_or_zero_exp(42) == 84
@@ -370,6 +377,11 @@ def test_exp_optional():
     assert test_nullopt_exp(42) == 42
     assert test_nullopt_exp(43) == 43
 
+    assert test_no_assign_exp() == 42
+    assert test_no_assign_exp(None) == 42
+    assert test_no_assign_exp(NoAssign(43)) == 43
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, test_no_assign_exp, 43)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not hasattr(pybind11_tests, "load_variant"), reason='no <variant>')
 def test_variant(doc):