gh-107298: Fix numerous ref errors and typos in the C API docs

Author: serhiy-storchaka

Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst

@@ -222,17 +222,21 @@ For convenience, some of these functions will always return a
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(int ierr, const char *filename)
 
-   Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject`, but the
-   filename is given as a C string.  *filename* is decoded from the filesystem
-   encoding (:func:`os.fsdecode`).
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior
+   that if *filename* is not ``NULL``, it is decoded from the filesystem
+   encoding (:func:`os.fsdecode`) and passed to the constructor of
+   :exc:`OSError` as a third parameter to be used to define the
+   :attr:`!filename` attribute of the exception instance.
 
    .. availability:: Windows.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(PyObject *type, int ierr, PyObject *filename)
 
-   Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject`, with an
-   additional parameter specifying the exception type to be raised.
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior
+   that if *filename* is not ``NULL``, it is passed to the constructor of
+   :exc:`OSError` as a third parameter to be used to define the
+   :attr:`!filename` attribute of the exception instance.
 
    .. availability:: Windows.
 

Doc/c-api/init_config.rst

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ PyWideStringList
    If *length* is non-zero, *items* must be non-``NULL`` and all strings must be
    non-``NULL``.
 
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
    Methods:
 
    .. c:function:: PyStatus PyWideStringList_Append(PyWideStringList *list, const wchar_t *item)
@@ -101,6 +103,8 @@ PyWideStringList
 
       Python must be preinitialized to call this function.
 
+   .. c:namespace:: PyWideStringList
+
    Structure fields:
 
    .. c:member:: Py_ssize_t length

Doc/c-api/module.rst

@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ The available slot types are:
    The *value* pointer of this slot must point to a function of the signature:
 
    .. c:function:: PyObject* create_module(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
+      :no-index:
 
    The function receives a :py:class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`
    instance, as defined in :PEP:`451`, and the module definition.
@@ -372,6 +373,7 @@ The available slot types are:
    The signature of the function is:
 
    .. c:function:: int exec_module(PyObject* module)
+      :no-index:
 
    If multiple ``Py_mod_exec`` slots are specified, they are processed in the
    order they appear in the *m_slots* array.
@@ -380,6 +382,8 @@ The available slot types are:
 
    Specifies one of the following values:
 
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
    .. c:macro:: Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED
 
       The module does not support being imported in subinterpreters.

Doc/c-api/unicode.rst

@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ the user settings on the machine running the codec.
 
    Encode the Unicode object using the specified code page and return a Python
    bytes object.  Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec. Use
-   :c:macro:`CP_ACP` code page to get the MBCS encoder.
+   :c:macro:`!CP_ACP` code page to get the MBCS encoder.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 

Doc/extending/newtypes.rst

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ have an associated doc string simply by providing the text in the table.  An
 application can use the introspection API to retrieve the descriptor from the
 class object, and get the doc string using its :attr:`__doc__` attribute.
 
-As with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` table, a sentinel entry with a :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.name` value
+As with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` table, a sentinel entry with a :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` value
 of ``NULL`` is required.
 
 .. XXX Descriptors need to be explained in more detail somewhere, but not here.

Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst

@@ -1078,17 +1078,17 @@ code, none of the changes described here will affect you very much.
 
   To upgrade an extension module to the new API, perform the following steps:
 
-* Rename :c:func:`Py_TPFLAGS_GC` to :c:func:`PyTPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`.
+* Rename :c:macro:`!Py_TPFLAGS_GC` to :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`.
 
 * Use :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` or :c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` to allocate
     objects, and :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` to deallocate them.
 
-* Rename :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Init` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` and
-    :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Fini` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`.
+* Rename :c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Init` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` and
+  :c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Fini` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`.
 
-* Remove :c:func:`PyGC_HEAD_SIZE` from object size calculations.
+* Remove :c:macro:`!PyGC_HEAD_SIZE` from object size calculations.
 
-* Remove calls to :c:func:`PyObject_AS_GC` and :c:func:`PyObject_FROM_GC`.
+* Remove calls to :c:func:`!PyObject_AS_GC` and :c:func:`!PyObject_FROM_GC`.
 
 * A new ``et`` format sequence was added to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`; ``et``
   takes both a parameter and an encoding name, and converts the parameter to the
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ Some of the more notable changes are:
   operator, but these features were rarely used and therefore buggy.  The
   :meth:`tolist` method and the :attr:`start`, :attr:`stop`, and :attr:`step`
   attributes are also being deprecated.  At the C level, the fourth argument to
-  the :c:func:`PyRange_New` function, ``repeat``, has also been deprecated.
+  the :c:func:`!PyRange_New` function, ``repeat``, has also been deprecated.
 
 * There were a bunch of patches to the dictionary implementation, mostly to fix
   potential core dumps if a dictionary contains objects that sneakily changed

Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst

@@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   but will also mean that you can't get help for Python's built-ins.  (Contributed
   by Gustavo Niemeyer.)
 
-* The :c:func:`PyArg_NoArgs` macro is now deprecated, and code that uses it
+* The :c:func:`!PyArg_NoArgs` macro is now deprecated, and code that uses it
   should be changed.  For Python 2.2 and later, the method definition table can
   specify the :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` flag, signalling that there are no arguments,
   and the argument checking can then be removed.  If compatibility with pre-2.2

Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst

@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ Some of the changes to Python's build process and to the C API are:
   *X* is a NaN.   (Contributed by Tim Peters.)
 
 * C code can avoid unnecessary locking by using the new
-  :c:func:`PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` function to tell  if any thread operations
+  :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` function to tell  if any thread operations
   have been performed.  If this function  returns false, no lock operations are
   needed. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan.)
 

Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst

@@ -2119,9 +2119,9 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   the various AST nodes in :file:`Parser/Python.asdl`.  A Python script reads this
   file and generates a set of C structure definitions in
   :file:`Include/Python-ast.h`.  The :c:func:`PyParser_ASTFromString` and
-  :c:func:`PyParser_ASTFromFile`, defined in :file:`Include/pythonrun.h`, take
+  :c:func:`!PyParser_ASTFromFile`, defined in :file:`Include/pythonrun.h`, take
   Python source as input and return the root of an AST representing the contents.
-  This AST can then be turned into a code object by :c:func:`PyAST_Compile`.  For
+  This AST can then be turned into a code object by :c:func:`!PyAST_Compile`.  For
   more information, read the source code, and then ask questions on python-dev.
 
   The AST code was developed under Jeremy Hylton's management, and implemented by
@@ -2172,7 +2172,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   ``Py_LOCAL(type)`` declares the function as returning a value of the
   specified *type* and uses a fast-calling qualifier.
   ``Py_LOCAL_INLINE(type)`` does the same thing and also requests the
-  function be inlined.  If :c:func:`PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE` is defined before
+  function be inlined.  If macro :c:macro:`!PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE` is defined before
   :file:`python.h` is included, a set of more aggressive optimizations are enabled
   for the module; you should benchmark the results to find out if these
   optimizations actually make the code faster.  (Contributed by Fredrik Lundh at
@@ -2181,7 +2181,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
 * ``PyErr_NewException(name, base, dict)`` can now accept a tuple of base
   classes as its *base* argument.  (Contributed by Georg Brandl.)
 
-* The :c:func:`PyErr_Warn` function for issuing warnings is now deprecated in
+* The :c:func:`!PyErr_Warn` function for issuing warnings is now deprecated in
   favour of ``PyErr_WarnEx(category, message, stacklevel)`` which lets you
   specify the number of stack frames separating this function and the caller.  A
   *stacklevel* of 1 is the function calling :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, 2 is the
@@ -2191,7 +2191,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   compiled with a C++ compiler without errors.   (Implemented by Anthony Baxter,
   Martin von Löwis, Skip Montanaro.)
 
-* The :c:func:`PyRange_New` function was removed.  It was never documented, never
+* The :c:func:`!PyRange_New` function was removed.  It was never documented, never
   used in the core code, and had dangerously lax error checking.  In the unlikely
   case that your extensions were using it, you can replace it by something like
   the following::

Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst

@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ can be used to include Unicode characters::
     print len(s)               # 12 Unicode characters
 
 At the C level, Python 3.0 will rename the existing 8-bit
-string type, called :c:type:`PyStringObject` in Python 2.x,
+string type, called :c:type:`!PyStringObject` in Python 2.x,
 to :c:type:`PyBytesObject`.  Python 2.6 uses ``#define``
 to support using the names :c:func:`PyBytesObject`,
 :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyBytes_FromStringAndSize`,
@@ -3012,11 +3012,11 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   bug occurred if one thread closed a file object while another thread
   was reading from or writing to the object.  In 2.6 file objects
   have a reference count, manipulated by the
-  :c:func:`PyFile_IncUseCount` and :c:func:`PyFile_DecUseCount`
+  :c:func:`!PyFile_IncUseCount` and :c:func:`!PyFile_DecUseCount`
   functions.  File objects can't be closed unless the reference count
-  is zero.  :c:func:`PyFile_IncUseCount` should be called while the GIL
+  is zero.  :c:func:`!PyFile_IncUseCount` should be called while the GIL
   is still held, before carrying out an I/O operation using the
-  ``FILE *`` pointer, and :c:func:`PyFile_DecUseCount` should be called
+  ``FILE *`` pointer, and :c:func:`!PyFile_DecUseCount` should be called
   immediately after the GIL is re-acquired.
   (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Gregory P. Smith.)
 

Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst

@@ -2152,7 +2152,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
 
 * New function: stemming from the rewrite of string-to-float conversion,
   a new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function was added.  The old
-  :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_atof` functions
+  :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof` functions
   are now deprecated.
 
 * New function: :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` sets the value of
@@ -2195,13 +2195,13 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
 
   .. XXX these macros don't seem to be described in the c-api docs.
 
-* Removed function: :c:macro:`PyEval_CallObject` is now only available
+* Removed function: :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject` is now only available
   as a macro.  A function version was being kept around to preserve
   ABI linking compatibility, but that was in 1997; it can certainly be
   deleted by now.  (Removed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8276`.)
 
-* New format codes: the :c:func:`PyFormat_FromString`,
-  :c:func:`PyFormat_FromStringV`, and :c:func:`PyErr_Format` functions now
+* New format codes: the :c:func:`!PyString_FromFormat`,
+  :c:func:`!PyString_FromFormatV`, and :c:func:`PyErr_Format` functions now
   accept ``%lld`` and ``%llu`` format codes for displaying
   C's :c:expr:`long long` types.
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7228`.)
@@ -2540,7 +2540,7 @@ For C extensions:
   instead of triggering a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` (:issue:`5080`).
 
 * Use the new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function instead of the old
-  :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_atof` functions,
+  :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof` functions,
   which are now deprecated.
 
 For applications that embed Python:

Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst

@@ -865,8 +865,8 @@ to the C API.
 
 * No more C API support for restricted execution.
 
-* :c:func:`PyNumber_Coerce`, :c:func:`PyNumber_CoerceEx`,
-  :c:func:`PyMember_Get`, and :c:func:`PyMember_Set` C APIs are removed.
+* :c:func:`!PyNumber_Coerce`, :c:func:`!PyNumber_CoerceEx`,
+  :c:func:`!PyMember_Get`, and :c:func:`!PyMember_Set` C APIs are removed.
 
 * New C API :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`, works like
   :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` but won't block on the import lock

Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst

@@ -501,12 +501,12 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
 
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Lisandro Dalcrin; :issue:`5175`.)
 
-* Deprecated :c:func:`PyNumber_Int`.  Use :c:func:`PyNumber_Long` instead.
+* Deprecated :c:func:`!PyNumber_Int`.  Use :c:func:`PyNumber_Long` instead.
 
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4910`.)
 
 * Added a new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function to replace the
-  deprecated functions :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_atof`.
+  deprecated functions :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof`.
 
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5914`.)
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst

@@ -1819,8 +1819,8 @@ Removed
   into their code.
   (Contributed by Dong-hee Na and Terry J. Reedy in :issue:`42299`.)
 
-* Removed the :c:func:`PyModule_GetWarningsModule` function that was useless
-  now due to the _warnings module was converted to a builtin module in 2.6.
+* Removed the :c:func:`!PyModule_GetWarningsModule` function that was useless
+  now due to the :mod:`!_warnings` module was converted to a builtin module in 2.6.
   (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`42599`.)
 
 * Remove deprecated aliases to :ref:`collections-abstract-base-classes` from

Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst

@@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@ New Features
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat`
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_ToContiguous`
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_FromContiguous`
-  * :c:func:`PyBuffer_CopyData`
+  * :c:func:`PyObject_CopyData`
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_IsContiguous`
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides`
   * :c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo`
@@ -2562,18 +2562,18 @@ Deprecated
 
 * Deprecate the following functions to configure the Python initialization:
 
-  * :c:func:`PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_AddWarnOption`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_AddXOption`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_HasWarnOptions`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv`
-  * :c:func:`PySys_SetPath`
-  * :c:func:`Py_SetPath`
-  * :c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`
-  * :c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`
-  * :c:func:`Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`
-  * :c:func:`_Py_SetProgramFullPath`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetPath`
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`
+  * :c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`
 
   Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration
   <init-config>` instead (:pep:`587`).

Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst

@@ -2569,7 +2569,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   to set :data:`sys.argv` without also modifying :data:`sys.path`
   (:issue:`5753`).
 
-* :c:macro:`PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form.  The
+* :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form.  The
   function declaration, which was kept for backwards compatibility reasons, is
   now removed -- the macro was introduced in 1997 (:issue:`8276`).
 
@@ -2731,15 +2731,15 @@ require changes to your code:
 
   (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10272`.)
 
-* The misleading functions :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireLock()` and
-  :c:func:`PyEval_ReleaseLock()` have been officially deprecated.  The
-  thread-state aware APIs (such as :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread()`
-  and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread()`) should be used instead.
+* The misleading functions :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and
+  :c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` have been officially deprecated.  The
+  thread-state aware APIs (such as :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread`
+  and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`) should be used instead.
 
 * Due to security risks, :func:`asyncore.handle_accept` has been deprecated, and
   a new function, :func:`asyncore.handle_accepted`, was added to replace it.
 
   (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`6706`.)
 
-* Due to the new :term:`GIL` implementation, :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads()`
-  cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` anymore.
+* Due to the new :term:`GIL` implementation, :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads`
+  cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize` anymore.

Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst

@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ Functions and macros manipulating Py_UNICODE* strings:
 
 Encoders:
 
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`
+* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`: use :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`
 * :c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7`
 * :c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` or
   :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8String`
@@ -2462,7 +2462,7 @@ Porting C code
 --------------
 
 * In the course of changes to the buffer API the undocumented
-  :c:member:`~Py_buffer.smalltable` member of the
+  :c:member:`!smalltable` member of the
   :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure has been removed and the
   layout of the :c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` has changed.
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst

@@ -2512,15 +2512,15 @@ Changes in the Python API
 Changes in the C API
 --------------------
 
-* The undocumented :c:member:`~PyMemoryViewObject.format` member of the
+* The undocumented :c:member:`!format` member of the
   (non-public) :c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` structure has been removed.
   All extensions relying on the relevant parts in ``memoryobject.h``
   must be rebuilt.
 
 * The :c:type:`PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to
   :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added.
 
-* Removed non-documented macro :c:macro:`PyObject_REPR` which leaked references.
+* Removed non-documented macro :c:macro:`!PyObject_REPR()` which leaked references.
   Use format character ``%R`` in :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`-like functions
   to format the :func:`repr` of the object.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22453`.)