diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
index 5c6ddf12ec356d..85a561f6b74919 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ def data_file(*name):
 OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE = getattr(ssl, "OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE", 0)
 OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE = getattr(ssl, "OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE", 0)
 OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT = getattr(ssl, "OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT", 0)
-OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF = getattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF", 0)
 
 # Ubuntu has patched OpenSSL and changed behavior of security level 2
 # see https://bugs.python.org/issue41561#msg389003
@@ -1200,8 +1199,7 @@ def test_options(self):
         # SSLContext also enables these by default
         default |= (OP_NO_COMPRESSION | OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE |
                     OP_SINGLE_DH_USE | OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE |
-                    OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT |
-                    OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF)
+                    OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT)
         self.assertEqual(default, ctx.options)
         with warnings_helper.check_warnings():
             ctx.options |= ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1
@@ -2362,6 +2360,20 @@ def test_bio_read_write_data(self):
         self.assertEqual(buf, b'foo\n')
         self.ssl_io_loop(sock, incoming, outgoing, sslobj.unwrap)
 
+    def test_transport_eof(self):
+        client_context, server_context, hostname = testing_context()
+        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET) as sock:
+            sock.connect(self.server_addr)
+            incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+            outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+            sslobj = client_context.wrap_bio(incoming, outgoing,
+                                             server_hostname=hostname)
+            self.ssl_io_loop(sock, incoming, outgoing, sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+            # Simulate EOF from the transport.
+            incoming.write_eof()
+            self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLEOFError, sslobj.read)
+
 
 @support.requires_resource('network')
 class NetworkedTests(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-07-30-23-01-43.gh-issue-95495.RA-q1d.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-07-30-23-01-43.gh-issue-95495.RA-q1d.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d0f4ccbdd3e39f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-07-30-23-01-43.gh-issue-95495.RA-q1d.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+When built against OpenSSL 3.0, the :mod:`ssl` module had a bug where it
+reported unauthenticated EOFs (i.e. without close_notify) as a clean TLS-level
+EOF. It now raises :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError`, matching the behavior in previous
+versions of OpenSSL. The :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.options` attribute on
+:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` also no longer includes
+:data:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF` by default. This option may be set to
+specify the previous OpenSSL 3.0 behavior.
diff --git a/Modules/_ssl.c b/Modules/_ssl.c
index 79f78007b68dcd..61490783e9ba95 100644
--- a/Modules/_ssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_ssl.c
@@ -665,6 +665,16 @@ PySSL_SetError(PySSLSocket *sslsock, int ret, const char *filename, int lineno)
                     ERR_GET_REASON(e) == SSL_R_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED) {
                 type = state->PySSLCertVerificationErrorObject;
             }
+#if defined(SSL_R_UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING)
+            /* OpenSSL 3.0 changed transport EOF from SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL with
+             * zero return value to SSL_ERROR_SSL with a special error code. */
+            if (ERR_GET_LIB(e) == ERR_LIB_SSL &&
+                    ERR_GET_REASON(e) == SSL_R_UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING) {
+                p = PY_SSL_ERROR_EOF;
+                type = state->PySSLEOFErrorObject;
+                errstr = "EOF occurred in violation of protocol";
+            }
+#endif
             break;
         }
         default:
@@ -3133,10 +3143,6 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version)
 #endif
 #ifdef SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE
     options |= SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE;
-#endif
-#ifdef SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
-    /* Make OpenSSL 3.0.0 behave like 1.1.1 */
-    options |= SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF;
 #endif
     SSL_CTX_set_options(self->ctx, options);