diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py
index 8e41f461cc934e..02403996bc9bdd 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._lock = threading.RLock()
         self._fd = None
         self._pid = None
+        self._exitcode = None
 
     def _reentrant_call_error(self):
         # gh-109629: this happens if an explicit call to the ResourceTracker
@@ -84,9 +85,16 @@ def _stop(self):
             os.close(self._fd)
             self._fd = None
 
-            os.waitpid(self._pid, 0)
+            _, status = os.waitpid(self._pid, 0)
+
             self._pid = None
 
+            try:
+                self._exitcode = os.waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
+            except ValueError:
+                # os.waitstatus_to_exitcode may raise an exception for invalid values
+                self._exitcode = None
+
     def getfd(self):
         self.ensure_running()
         return self._fd
@@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ def ensure_running(self):
                     pass
                 self._fd = None
                 self._pid = None
+                self._exitcode = None
 
                 warnings.warn('resource_tracker: process died unexpectedly, '
                               'relaunching.  Some resources might leak.')
@@ -221,6 +230,8 @@ def main(fd):
             pass
 
     cache = {rtype: set() for rtype in _CLEANUP_FUNCS.keys()}
+    exit_code = 0
+
     try:
         # keep track of registered/unregistered resources
         with open(fd, 'rb') as f:
@@ -251,6 +262,7 @@ def main(fd):
         for rtype, rtype_cache in cache.items():
             if rtype_cache:
                 try:
+                    exit_code = 1
                     warnings.warn(
                         f'resource_tracker: There appear to be {len(rtype_cache)} '
                         f'leaked {rtype} objects to clean up at shutdown: {rtype_cache}'
@@ -268,3 +280,5 @@ def main(fd):
                         warnings.warn('resource_tracker: %r: %s' % (name, e))
                 finally:
                     pass
+
+        sys.exit(exit_code)
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index c0d3ca50f17d69..56d116a73ebb58 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -5730,6 +5730,47 @@ def test_too_long_name_resource(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             resource_tracker.register(too_long_name_resource, rtype)
 
+    def _test_resource_tracker_leak_resources(self, context, delete_queue):
+        from multiprocessing.resource_tracker import _resource_tracker
+        _resource_tracker.ensure_running()
+        self.assertTrue(_resource_tracker._check_alive())
+
+        # Reset exit code value
+        _resource_tracker._exitcode = None
+
+        mp_context = multiprocessing.get_context(context)
+
+        # Keep it on variable, so it won't be cleared yet
+        q = mp_context.Queue()
+        if delete_queue:
+            # Clearing the queue resource to be sure explicitly with deleting
+            # and gc.collect
+            q.close()
+            del q
+            gc.collect()
+            expected_exit_code = 0
+        else:
+            expected_exit_code = 1
+
+        self.assertIsNone(_resource_tracker._exitcode)
+        _resource_tracker._stop()
+
+        self.assertEqual(_resource_tracker._exitcode, expected_exit_code)
+
+    def test_resource_tracker_exit_code(self):
+        """
+        Test the exit code of the resource tracker based on if there were left
+        leaked resources when we stop the process. If not leaked resources were
+        found, exit code should be 0, otherwise 1
+        """
+        for context in ["spawn", "forkserver"]:
+            for delete_queue in [True, False]:
+                with self.subTest(context=context, delete_queue=delete_queue):
+                    self._test_resource_tracker_leak_resources(
+                        context=context,
+                        delete_queue=delete_queue,
+                    )
+
 
 class TestSimpleQueue(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
index ce01e0ff0f287a..d79a6367701fb4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import queue
 import time
 import unittest
+import sys
 from concurrent.futures._base import BrokenExecutor
 from logging.handlers import QueueHandler
 
@@ -109,6 +110,31 @@ def _assert_logged(self, msg):
 create_executor_tests(globals(), FailingInitializerMixin)
 
 
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Resource Tracker doesn't run on Windows")
+class FailingInitializerResourcesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/104090
+    """
+
+    def _test(self, test_class):
+        runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
+        runner.run(test_class('test_initializer'))
+
+        # GH-104090:
+        # Stop resource tracker manually now, so we can verify there are not leaked resources by checking
+        # the process exit code
+        from multiprocessing.resource_tracker import _resource_tracker
+        _resource_tracker._stop()
+
+        self.assertEqual(_resource_tracker._exitcode, 0)
+
+    def test_spawn(self):
+        self._test(ProcessPoolSpawnFailingInitializerTest)
+
+    def test_forkserver(self):
+        self._test(ProcessPoolForkserverFailingInitializerTest)
+
+
 def setUpModule():
     setup_module()
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-07-16-15-02-47.gh-issue-104090.oMjNa9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-07-16-15-02-47.gh-issue-104090.oMjNa9.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..202026586dce57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-07-16-15-02-47.gh-issue-104090.oMjNa9.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The multiprocessing resource tracker now exits with status code 1 if a resource
+leak was detected. It still exits with status code 0 otherwise.