diff --git a/Lib/dataclasses.py b/Lib/dataclasses.py
index 325b822d9f06f1..8c3d638e86bc58 100644
--- a/Lib/dataclasses.py
+++ b/Lib/dataclasses.py
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ class C(Base):
                      unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash, frozen=frozen)
 
 
-def replace(obj, **changes):
+def replace(*args, **changes):
     """Return a new object replacing specified fields with new values.
 
     This is especially useful for frozen classes.  Example usage:
@@ -1216,6 +1216,14 @@ class C:
       c1 = replace(c, x=3)
       assert c1.x == 3 and c1.y == 2
       """
+    if len(args) > 1:
+        raise TypeError(f'replace() takes 1 positional argument but {len(args)} were given')
+    if args:
+        obj, = args
+    elif 'obj' in changes:
+        obj = changes.pop('obj')
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("replace() missing 1 required positional argument: 'obj'")
 
     # We're going to mutate 'changes', but that's okay because it's a
     # new dict, even if called with 'replace(obj, **my_changes)'.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-06-07-08-18-05.bpo-37163.36JkUh.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-06-07-08-18-05.bpo-37163.36JkUh.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5be989736abe97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-06-07-08-18-05.bpo-37163.36JkUh.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+:func:`dataclasses.replace` now supports the field named "obj".