[BUG] AST evaluation should check for bounds checking for column_reference

[karthikeyann]

Describe the bug
When column_reference is out of bounds, AST errors with
C++ exception with description "vector::_M_range_check: __n (which is 2) >= this->size() (which is 2)" thrown in the test body.
This error is hard to debug and narrow down exact error.

Steps/Code to reproduce bug
Add following test to cpp/tests/ast/transform_tests.cpp

cpp
TEST_F(TransformTest, ColumnReferenceExceed)
{
  auto c_0   = column_wrapper<int32_t>{3, 20, 1, 50};
  auto c_1   = column_wrapper<int32_t>{10, 7, 20, 0};
  auto table = cudf::table_view{{c_0, c_1}};

  auto col_ref_0 = cudf::ast::column_reference(2);

  auto const& expected = c_0;
  auto result          = cudf::compute_column(table, col_ref_0);

  CUDF_TEST_EXPECT_COLUMNS_EQUAL(expected, result->view(), verbosity);
}

Expected behavior
Consider bounds checking of column index before

cudf/cpp/src/ast/expression_parser.cpp

Line 223 in ac03ea8

expr.get_column_index(),

and throw relevant error, or std::out_of_range

Additional context
I encountered this bug while debugging filter evaluation for velox.

[Matt711]

@GregoryKimball Please correct me if I miscategorized this issue. It also needs an owner.

[davidwendt]

Actually this already throwing std::out_of_range
https://godbolt.org/z/zqfT34Pjv

[karthikeyann]

Adding relevant error message to a std::out_of_range would be good.