Fix #16405 - wildcards prematurely resolving to Nothing

This was a problem because it could it get in the way of some
metaprogramming techniques. The main issue was the fact that when typing
functions, the type inference would first look at the types from the
source method (resolving type wildcards to Nothing) and only after that,
it could look at the target method.
Now, in the case of wildcards we save that fact for later (while still
resolving the prototype parameter to Nothing) and we in that case we
prioritize according to the target method, after which we fallback to
the default procedure.

Author: jchyb

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala

@@ -1197,7 +1197,8 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
     )
   end typedIf
 
-  /** Decompose function prototype into a list of parameter prototypes and a result prototype
+  /** Decompose function prototype into a list of parameter prototypes, an optional list 
+   *  describing whether the parameter prototypes come from WildcardTypes, and a result prototype
    *  tree, using WildcardTypes where a type is not known.
    *  For the result type we do this even if the expected type is not fully
    *  defined, which is a bit of a hack. But it's needed to make the following work
@@ -1206,7 +1207,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
    *     def double(x: Char): String = s"$x$x"
    *     "abc" flatMap double
    */
-  private def decomposeProtoFunction(pt: Type, defaultArity: Int, pos: SrcPos)(using Context): (List[Type], untpd.Tree) = {
+  private def decomposeProtoFunction(pt: Type, defaultArity: Int, pos: SrcPos)(using Context): (List[Type], Option[List[Boolean]], untpd.Tree) = {
     def typeTree(tp: Type) = tp match {
       case _: WildcardType => new untpd.InferredTypeTree()
       case _ => untpd.InferredTypeTree(tp)
@@ -1234,18 +1235,26 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
           // if expected parameter type(s) are wildcards, approximate from below.
           // if expected result type is a wildcard, approximate from above.
           // this can type the greatest set of admissible closures.
-          (pt1.argTypesLo.init, typeTree(interpolateWildcards(pt1.argTypesHi.last)))
+          // However, we still keep the information on whether expected parameter types were 
+          // wildcards, in case of types inferred from target being more specific
+
+          val fromWildcards = pt1.argInfos.init.map{
+            case bounds @ TypeBounds(nt, at) if nt == defn.NothingType && at == defn.AnyType => true
+            case bounds => false
+          }
+
+          (pt1.argTypesLo.init, Some(fromWildcards), typeTree(interpolateWildcards(pt1.argTypesHi.last)))
         case RefinedType(parent, nme.apply, mt @ MethodTpe(_, formals, restpe))
         if defn.isNonRefinedFunction(parent) && formals.length == defaultArity =>
-          (formals, untpd.DependentTypeTree(syms => restpe.substParams(mt, syms.map(_.termRef))))
+          (formals, None, untpd.DependentTypeTree(syms => restpe.substParams(mt, syms.map(_.termRef))))
         case SAMType(mt @ MethodTpe(_, formals, restpe)) =>
-          (formals,
+          (formals, None, 
            if (mt.isResultDependent)
              untpd.DependentTypeTree(syms => restpe.substParams(mt, syms.map(_.termRef)))
            else
              typeTree(restpe))
         case _ =>
-          (List.tabulate(defaultArity)(alwaysWildcardType), untpd.TypeTree())
+          (List.tabulate(defaultArity)(alwaysWildcardType), None, untpd.TypeTree())
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1267,7 +1276,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
    *  If both attempts fail, return `NoType`.
    */
   def inferredFromTarget(
-      param: untpd.ValDef, formal: Type, calleeType: Type, paramIndex: Name => Int)(using Context): Type =
+      param: untpd.ValDef, formal: Type, calleeType: Type, paramIndex: Name => Int, isWildcardParam: Boolean)(using Context): Type =
     val target = calleeType.widen match
       case mtpe: MethodType =>
         val pos = paramIndex(param.name)
@@ -1280,7 +1289,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
         else NoType
       case _ => NoType
     if target.exists then formal <:< target
-    if isFullyDefined(formal, ForceDegree.flipBottom) then formal
+    if !isWildcardParam && isFullyDefined(formal, ForceDegree.flipBottom) then formal
     else if target.exists && isFullyDefined(target, ForceDegree.flipBottom) then target
     else NoType
 
@@ -1457,7 +1466,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
       case _ =>
     }
 
-    val (protoFormals, resultTpt) = decomposeProtoFunction(pt, params.length, tree.srcPos)
+    val (protoFormals, areWildcardParams, resultTpt) = decomposeProtoFunction(pt, params.length, tree.srcPos)
 
     def protoFormal(i: Int): Type =
       if (protoFormals.length == params.length) protoFormals(i)
@@ -1500,13 +1509,21 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
           if (!param.tpt.isEmpty) param
           else
             val formal = protoFormal(i)
+            val isWildcardParam = areWildcardParams.map(list => if i < list.length then list(i) else false).getOrElse(false)
             val knownFormal = isFullyDefined(formal, ForceDegree.failBottom)
-            val paramType =
-              if knownFormal then formal
-              else inferredFromTarget(param, formal, calleeType, paramIndex)
-                .orElse(errorType(AnonymousFunctionMissingParamType(param, tree, formal), param.srcPos))
+            // Since decomposeProtoFunction eagerly approximates function arguments
+            // from below, then in the case that the argument was also identified as
+            // a wildcard type we try to prioritize inferring from target, if possible.
+            // See issue 16405 (tests/run/16405.scala)
+            val (usingFormal, paramType) =
+              if !isWildcardParam && knownFormal then (true, formal)
+              else 
+                val fromTarget = inferredFromTarget(param, formal, calleeType, paramIndex, isWildcardParam)
+                if fromTarget.exists then (false, fromTarget)
+                else if knownFormal then (true, formal)
+                else (false, errorType(AnonymousFunctionMissingParamType(param, tree, formal), param.srcPos))
             val paramTpt = untpd.TypedSplice(
-                (if knownFormal then InferredTypeTree() else untpd.TypeTree())
+                (if usingFormal then InferredTypeTree() else untpd.TypeTree())
                   .withType(paramType.translateFromRepeated(toArray = false))
                   .withSpan(param.span.endPos)
               )
@@ -1577,7 +1594,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
           typedMatchFinish(tree, tpd.EmptyTree, defn.ImplicitScrutineeTypeRef, cases1, pt)
         }
         else {
-          val (protoFormals, _) = decomposeProtoFunction(pt, 1, tree.srcPos)
+          val (protoFormals, _, _) = decomposeProtoFunction(pt, 1, tree.srcPos)
           val checkMode =
             if (pt.isRef(defn.PartialFunctionClass)) desugar.MatchCheck.None
             else desugar.MatchCheck.Exhaustive

tests/run/16405.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import scala.compiletime.summonInline
+
+case class TypeDesc[T](tpe: String)
+object TypeDesc {
+  given nothing: TypeDesc[Nothing] = TypeDesc("Nothing")
+  given string: TypeDesc[String] = TypeDesc("String")
+  given int: TypeDesc[Int] = TypeDesc("Int")
+}
+
+def exampleFn(s: String, i: Int): Unit = ()
+
+inline def argumentTypesOf[R](fun: (_, _) => R): (TypeDesc[?], TypeDesc[?]) = {
+  inline fun match {
+    case x: ((a, b) => R) =>
+      (scala.compiletime.summonInline[TypeDesc[a]], scala.compiletime.summonInline[TypeDesc[b]])
+  }
+}
+inline def argumentTypesOfNoWildCard[A, B, R](fun: (A, B) => R): (TypeDesc[?], TypeDesc[?]) = argumentTypesOf(fun)
+inline def argumentTypesOfAllWildCard(fun: (?, ?) => ?): (TypeDesc[?], TypeDesc[?]) = argumentTypesOf(fun)
+
+object Test {
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
+    val expected = (TypeDesc.string, TypeDesc.int)
+    assert(argumentTypesOf(exampleFn) == expected)
+    assert(argumentTypesOf(exampleFn(_, _)) == expected)
+    assert(argumentTypesOfNoWildCard(exampleFn) == expected)
+    assert(argumentTypesOfNoWildCard(exampleFn(_, _)) == expected)
+    assert(argumentTypesOfAllWildCard(exampleFn) == expected)
+    assert(argumentTypesOfAllWildCard(exampleFn(_, _)) == expected)
+  } 
+}