diff --git a/src/codecs/iri/mod.rs b/src/codecs/iri/mod.rs
index 52151dd..f8ee73c 100644
--- a/src/codecs/iri/mod.rs
+++ b/src/codecs/iri/mod.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub use did::*;
 mod data;
 pub use data::*;
 
-pub trait IriCodec {
+pub trait IriCodec: Send + Sync {
     fn encode(&self, suffix: &str) -> Result<Vec<CborValue>, EncodeError>;
 
     fn decode(&self, array: &[CborValue]) -> Result<String, DecodeError>;
diff --git a/src/codecs/mod.rs b/src/codecs/mod.rs
index 7773947..b477cff 100644
--- a/src/codecs/mod.rs
+++ b/src/codecs/mod.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub use xsd_date::*;
 mod xsd_date_time;
 pub use xsd_date_time::*;
 
-pub trait TypeCodec {
+pub trait TypeCodec: Send + Sync {
     fn encode(
         &self,
         state: &TransformerState,
diff --git a/src/decode/mod.rs b/src/decode/mod.rs
index 4eadeef..474c02b 100644
--- a/src/decode/mod.rs
+++ b/src/decode/mod.rs
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ use iref::{IriBuf, IriRef, IriRefBuf};
 
 /// Decoding options.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct DecodeOptions<'a> {
+pub struct DecodeOptions {
     // /// Map associating JSON-LD context URLs to CBOR-LD (integer) identifiers.
     // pub context_map: IdMap,
     /// Datatype codecs.
     pub codecs: Codecs,
 
     /// Tables.
-    pub default_tables: Cow<'a, Tables>,
+    pub default_tables: Cow<'static, Tables>,
 }
 
 /// Decodes a CBOR-LD document using the given JSON-LD context loader and the
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub async fn decode(
 pub async fn decode_with(
     cbor_ld_document: &CborValue,
     loader: impl json_ld::Loader,
-    options: DecodeOptions<'_>,
+    options: DecodeOptions,
 ) -> Result<JsonValue, DecodeError> {
     match cbor_ld_document {
         CborValue::Tag(tag, value) => {
@@ -79,24 +79,24 @@ pub async fn decode_from_bytes(
 pub async fn decode_from_bytes_with(
     bytes: &[u8],
     loader: impl json_ld::Loader,
-    options: DecodeOptions<'_>,
+    options: DecodeOptions,
 ) -> Result<JsonValue, DecodeError> {
     let cbor_ld_document = ciborium::from_reader(bytes)?;
     decode_with(&cbor_ld_document, loader, options).await
 }
 
 /// CBOR-LD decoder.
-pub struct Decoder<'a, L> {
+pub struct Decoder<L> {
     loader: L,
-    state: TransformerState<'a>,
+    state: TransformerState,
 }
 
-impl<'a, L> Decoder<'a, L> {
+impl<L> Decoder<L> {
     pub fn new(
         loader: L,
         // application_context_map: IdMap,
         codecs: Codecs,
-        tables: Cow<'a, Tables>,
+        tables: Cow<'static, Tables>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             loader,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'a, L> Decoder<'a, L> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, L> Decoder<'a, L>
+impl<L> Decoder<L>
 where
     L: json_ld::Loader,
 {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'t, L> Transformer<'t> for Decoder<'t, L>
+impl<L> Transformer for Decoder<L>
 where
     L: json_ld::Loader,
 {
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ where
             .map(|v| JsonValue::String(v.into()))
     }
 
-    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState<'t>, &mut Self::Loader) {
+    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState, &mut Self::Loader) {
         (&mut self.state, &mut self.loader)
     }
 
@@ -270,3 +270,22 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::future::Future;
+
+    use super::{decode, decode_from_bytes};
+
+    fn assert_send(_: impl Send + Future) {}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decode_is_send() {
+        assert_send(decode(&ciborium::Value::Null, json_ld::NoLoader))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decode_from_bytes_is_send() {
+        assert_send(decode_from_bytes(b"", json_ld::NoLoader))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/encode/mod.rs b/src/encode/mod.rs
index 21ee274..8cdcadb 100644
--- a/src/encode/mod.rs
+++ b/src/encode/mod.rs
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ pub use error::*;
 
 /// Encoding options.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct EncodeOptions<'a> {
+pub struct EncodeOptions {
     /// Compression mode.
     pub compression_mode: CompressionMode,
 
     /// Default compression tables.
-    pub default_table: Cow<'a, Tables>,
+    pub default_table: Cow<'static, Tables>,
 
     // /// Map associating JSON-LD context URLs to CBOR-LD (integer) identifiers.
     // pub context_map: IdMap,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub async fn encode(
 pub async fn encode_with(
     json_ld_document: &json_ld::syntax::Value,
     loader: impl json_ld::Loader,
-    options: EncodeOptions<'_>,
+    options: EncodeOptions,
 ) -> Result<CborValue, EncodeError> {
     let cbor_value = match options.compression_mode {
         CompressionMode::Uncompressed => {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub async fn encode_to_bytes(
 pub async fn encode_to_bytes_with(
     json_ld_document: &json_ld::syntax::Value,
     loader: impl json_ld::Loader,
-    options: EncodeOptions<'_>,
+    options: EncodeOptions,
 ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
     encode_with(json_ld_document, loader, options)
         .await
@@ -90,13 +90,13 @@ pub fn cbor_into_bytes(cbor: CborValue) -> Vec<u8> {
     bytes
 }
 
-pub struct Encoder<'a, L> {
+pub struct Encoder<L> {
     loader: L,
-    state: TransformerState<'a>,
+    state: TransformerState,
 }
 
-impl<'a, L> Encoder<'a, L> {
-    pub fn new(loader: L, codecs: Codecs, tables: Cow<'a, Tables>) -> Self {
+impl<L> Encoder<L> {
+    pub fn new(loader: L, codecs: Codecs, tables: Cow<'static, Tables>) -> Self {
         Self {
             loader,
             state: TransformerState::new(codecs, tables),
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl<'a, L> Encoder<'a, L> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, L> Encoder<'a, L>
+impl<L> Encoder<L>
 where
     L: json_ld::Loader,
 {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, L> Transformer<'a> for Encoder<'a, L>
+impl<L> Transformer for Encoder<L>
 where
     L: json_ld::Loader,
 {
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ where
         self.encode_vocab_term(active_context, value)
     }
 
-    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState<'a>, &mut Self::Loader) {
+    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState, &mut Self::Loader) {
         (&mut self.state, &mut self.loader)
     }
 
@@ -257,3 +257,25 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::future::Future;
+
+    use super::{encode, encode_to_bytes};
+
+    fn assert_send(_: impl Send + Future) {}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_is_send() {
+        assert_send(encode(&json_ld::syntax::Value::Null, json_ld::NoLoader))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_to_bytes_is_send() {
+        assert_send(encode_to_bytes(
+            &json_ld::syntax::Value::Null,
+            json_ld::NoLoader,
+        ))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/transform.rs b/src/transform.rs
index e38944e..d8a8a50 100644
--- a/src/transform.rs
+++ b/src/transform.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ pub struct ExpectedObject;
 
 pub struct InvalidTypeKind;
 
-pub trait Transformer<'t> {
+pub trait Transformer {
     type Input: TransformedValue<Object = Self::InputObject>;
     type Output: TransformedValue<Object = Self::OutputObject>;
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ pub trait Transformer<'t> {
         value: &Self::Input,
     ) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Error>;
 
-    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState<'t>, &mut Self::Loader);
+    fn state_and_loader_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut TransformerState, &mut Self::Loader);
 
     #[allow(async_fn_in_trait)]
     async fn process_global_context<'c>(
@@ -517,18 +517,18 @@ fn is_alias_with_def(key: &str, def: Option<TermDefinitionRef>, keyword: Keyword
         })
 }
 
-pub struct TransformerState<'a> {
+pub struct TransformerState {
     // pub context_map: IdMap,
     pub allocator: IdAllocator,
     pub codecs: Codecs,
-    pub tables: Cow<'a, Tables>,
+    pub tables: Cow<'static, Tables>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> TransformerState<'a> {
+impl TransformerState {
     pub fn new(
         // context_map: IdMap,
         codecs: Codecs,
-        tables: Cow<'a, Tables>,
+        tables: Cow<'static, Tables>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             // context_map,