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sunmaobin opened this issue Dec 12, 2017 · 0 comments
Open

经验分享-Array.sort高级用法 #43

sunmaobin opened this issue Dec 12, 2017 · 0 comments

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@sunmaobin
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sunmaobin commented Dec 12, 2017

最近在使用数组排序的时候,一不小心犯了一个低级错误,分享一下,大家引以为戒。同时,提供一种能应对数组中含有各种特殊符号的排序方式。

问题

在项目中需要将一个数组排序,于是我大致就是这么写的:

//示例,由大到小排序
var ary = [1,3,5,4];
ary.sort(function(a,b){
    return a < b;
});
//结果:[5,4,3,1]

由于忘记自定义sort函数了,简单在控制台Console里跑了一下,这个是OK的,于是代码就这么去写了,没想到就出问题了。。。

问题是什么呢?看下面的例子:

var ary = [5, 8, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13];
ary.sort(function(a,b){
    return a < b;
});
//结果:[4, 13, 6, 7, 12, 11, 8, 10, 9, 5, 3, 2, 1]

结果就开始出问题了!

原因

于是仔细看 Array.sort 的API才发现自定义sort函数的返回值并不是 true or false

  • > 0 when a is considered larger than b and should be sorted after it
  • == 0 when a is considered equal to b and it doesn't matter which comes first
  • < 0 when a is considered smaller than b and should be sorted before it

也就是说返回:正数、负数和0!

解决

var ary = [5, 8, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13];
ary.sort(function(a,b){
    if (a < b) return 1;
    if (a > b) return -1;
    /* else */ return 0;
});
//结果:[4, 13, 6, 7, 12, 11, 8, 10, 9, 5, 3, 2, 1]

上面还有一种简写方法,就是:

ary.sort(function(a,b){
   return b-a;
});

但是这种做法一定要保证数组中全部是 number 类型的,才可以这么简写,要不然最好在function中判断下再处理。

比如:

["5", "8", "7", "string", undefined, "3", {}, "6", null, "10", "11", "12", "13"].sort(function(a, b) {
    return a - b;
});
//结果:[null, "3", "5", "6", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "string", "13", {…}, undefined]

深入

其实,一般的排序都是针对 数字 的,也就是可以相加减,那么比较起来就比较直观,但是有时候我们排序的内容有可能不只是纯数字,里面可能有字母,甚至中文,这时候怎么办?

JS有个方法:localeCompare,用法参考:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/localeCompare

这个方法就是提供本地化的比较方案,详细的使用说明,大家可以看看上面的文档,这里给出一种数组中含有中文、英文、数字、汉字等字符时的通用比较方案。

先给出一组比较复杂的数组:

let testAry = [100,'汉字','中文','澳门',200,'Admin',30,'Lisa',undefined,null,'','%','&'];

先使用传统的方式:

testAry.sort(function(a,b){
    return a - b;
});
//["", null, 30, "澳门", 100, "Admin", "汉字", "Lisa", "&", "中文", 200, "%", undefined]

当各种情况混合到一起的时候,传统的相减的比较,完全不能达到要求,下来我们看看使用 localeCompare的方案:

testAry.sort(function(a,b){
    var r = a - b;
    if(isNaN(r)){
        r = String(a).localeCompare(String(b), 'zh-CN', {sensitivity: 'accent'});
    };
    return r;
});
//["", "&", "%", null, 30, 100, 200, "澳门", "汉字", "中文", "Admin", "Lisa", undefined]

结果明显要好很多,至少除了特殊字符,中英文和数字都是合理的排序,我们稍微改进下,让其按照如下的规则排序,就完美了:

  • 排序顺序:数字 —> 英文 —> 中文 —> 特殊字符 —> 其它
  • 数字:从小到大
  • 英文:按字母顺序
  • 中文:按拼音的字母顺序

其实,就是将排好序的数组,重新处理下就好了,增加一个方法:

function arySort(ary){
    ary.forEach(function(d){
        if(!d && d !== 0){
            ary.a = ary.a || [];
            ary.a.push(d);
            return true;
        };
        if(/\d+/.test(d)){
            ary.b = ary.b || [];
            ary.b.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        if(/[a-zA-Z]+/.test(d)){
            ary.c = ary.c || [];
            ary.c.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        //注意:汉字的正则不推荐:/[\u4e00-\u9fa5]/
        //参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/33335629
        if(/\p{Unified_Ideograph}/u.test(d)){
            ary.d = ary.d || [];
            ary.d.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        ary.e = ary.e || [];
        ary.e.push(d);
    });
    
    return [].concat(ary.b || [])
        	.concat(ary.c || [])
        	.concat(ary.d || [])
        	.concat(ary.e || [])
        	.concat(ary.a || [])
};

完整的解决方案代码:

let testAry = [100,'汉字','中文','澳门',200,'Admin',30,'Lisa',undefined,null,'','%','&'];

function arySort(ary){
    //重新定义ary,不污染外部数组
    ary = [].concat(ary);
    
    //使用localeCompare排序
    ary.sort(function(a,b){
        var r = a - b;
        if(isNaN(r)){
            r = String(a).localeCompare(String(b), 'zh-CN', {sensitivity: 'accent'});
        };
        return r;
    });
    
    //将排序后的数组重新分类
    ary.forEach(function(d){
        if(!d && d !== 0){
            ary.a = ary.a || [];
            ary.a.push(d);
            return true;
        };
        if(/\d+/.test(d)){
            ary.b = ary.b || [];
            ary.b.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        if(/[a-zA-Z]+/.test(d)){
            ary.c = ary.c || [];
            ary.c.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        if(/\p{Unified_Ideograph}/u.test(d)){
            ary.d = ary.d || [];
            ary.d.push(d);
            return true;
        };

        ary.e = ary.e || [];
        ary.e.push(d);
    });
    
    return [].concat(ary.b || [])
        	.concat(ary.c || [])
        	.concat(ary.d || [])
        	.concat(ary.e || [])
        	.concat(ary.a || [])
};

let result = arySort(testAry);
//[30, 100, 200, "Admin", "Lisa", "澳门", "汉字", "中文", "&", "%", "", null, undefined]

下面再验证几个典型的场景:

  1. 纯数字

    arySort([100,22,0,3,10001])
    //[0, 3, 22, 100, 10001]

    注意:这里容易出现的错误就是 22 > 100
    原因是把这2个按照字符串比较,这样100就排在22前面了。

  2. 纯英文

    arySort(['hello','world','array','alert','boy','girl'])
    //["alert", "array", "boy", "girl", "hello", "world"]

    注意:alert 和 array,首字母相同时,比较第2个字符,依次类推,这就是字典顺序。

  3. 纯中文

    arySort(['你好','我们','中国人','比较','腼腆','害羞','奥运'])
    //["奥运", "比较", "害羞", "腼腆", "你好", "我们", "中国人"]
  4. 数字和英文

    arySort([100,22,'array','sort',35,'lisa','vivo'])
    //[22, 35, 100, "array", "lisa", "sort", "vivo"]
  5. 中英文和数字

    [22, 35, 100, "array", "lisa", "sort", "vivo", "日本", "中国"]

感悟

  • 基础很重要,要时不时翻翻API,看看书;
  • 遇到模糊的概念,最好先翻翻API再下手。

参考

@sunmaobin sunmaobin added this to the 2017年 milestone Dec 12, 2017
@sunmaobin sunmaobin self-assigned this Dec 12, 2017
@sunmaobin sunmaobin changed the title 经验分享-Array.sort使用注意 经验分享-Array.sort高级用法 May 22, 2018
@sunmaobin sunmaobin modified the milestones: 2017年, 2018年 May 22, 2018
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