[AutoDiff] Add TF-1181 negative test. (#31683)

Add negative test for TF-1181: differentiation transform crash for `apply` with
opened existential arguments.

Author: dan-zheng

test/AutoDiff/compiler_crashers/tf1181-apply-opened-opened-existential-argument.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// RUN: not --crash %target-swift-frontend -disable-availability-checking -emit-sil -verify %s
+// REQUIRES: asserts
+
+// TF-1181: Differentiation transform crash for `apply` with opened existential arguments.
+
+import _Differentiation
+
+public protocol TensorView {
+  associatedtype Element
+}
+public protocol DifferentiableTensorView: TensorView & Differentiable where Self == TangentVector {}
+
+public protocol PlatformAPI {
+  func abs<T>(_ x: T) -> T where T: DifferentiableTensorView, T.Element: Numeric
+}
+public class CpuService: PlatformAPI {
+  public func abs<T>(_ x: T) -> T where T: DifferentiableTensorView, T.Element: Numeric { x }
+}
+
+public final class Platform {
+  public static var service: PlatformAPI = CpuService()
+}
+
+@differentiable(where T: DifferentiableTensorView)
+public func abs<T: DifferentiableTensorView>(_ x: T) -> T where T.Element: Numeric {
+  Platform.service.abs(x)
+}
+
+// swift: swift/lib/AST/ASTContext.cpp:3307: swift::SILFunctionType::SILFunctionType(swift::GenericSignature, swift::SILFunctionType::ExtInfo, swift::SILCoroutineKind, swift::ParameterConvention, ArrayRef<swift::SILParameterInfo>, ArrayRef<swift::SIL
+// YieldInfo>, ArrayRef<swift::SILResultInfo>, Optional<swift::SILResultInfo>, swift::SubstitutionMap, swift::SubstitutionMap, const swift::ASTContext &, swift::RecursiveTypeProperties, swift::ProtocolConformanceRef): Assertion `!WitnessMethodConformance.isInvalid() && "witness_method SIL function without a conformance"' failed.
+// Stack dump:
+// 0.      Program arguments: build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift -frontend -c -primary-file swift/test/AutoDiff/compiler_crashers/tf1181-apply-opened-opened-existential-argument.swift -target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu -disable-objc-interop -color-diagnostics -module-name main -o /tmp/tf1181-apply-opened-opened-existential-argument-3a917d.o
+// 1.      Swift version 5.3-dev (LLVM f66b332548, Swift dee6c0b09f)
+// 2.      While evaluating request ExecuteSILPipelineRequest(Run pipelines { Guaranteed Passes } on SIL for main.main)
+// 3.      While running pass #105 SILModuleTransform "Differentiation".
+// 4.      While processing // differentiability witness for abs<A>(_:)
+// sil_differentiability_witness [serialized] [parameters 0] [results 0] <T where T : DifferentiableTensorView, T.Element : Numeric> @$s4main3absyxxAA24DifferentiableTensorViewRzSj7ElementAA0dE0PRpzlF : $@convention(thin) <T where T : DifferentiableTensorView, T.Element : Numeric> (@in_guaranteed T) -> @out T {
+// }
+//  on SIL function "@$s4main3absyxxAA24DifferentiableTensorViewRzSj7ElementAA0dE0PRpzlF".
+//  for 'abs(_:)' (at swift/test/AutoDiff/compiler_crashers/tf1181-apply-opened-opened-existential-argument.swift:27:8)
+//  #0 0x00000000051bd514 PrintStackTraceSignalHandler(void*) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x51bd514)
+//  #1 0x00000000051bb10e llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x51bb10e)
+//  #2 0x00000000051bd7ec SignalHandler(int) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x51bd7ec)
+//  #3 0x00007f160b5e2890 __restore_rt (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0+0x12890)
+//  #4 0x00007f1609e84e97 raise (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x3ee97)
+//  #5 0x00007f1609e86801 abort (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x40801)
+//  #6 0x00007f1609e7639a (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x3039a)
+//  #7 0x00007f1609e76412 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x30412)
+//  #8 0x00000000017998be swift::SILFunctionType::SILFunctionType(swift::GenericSignature, swift::SILFunctionType::ExtInfo, swift::SILCoroutineKind, swift::ParameterConvention, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILParameterInfo>, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILYieldInfo>, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILResultInfo>, llvm::Optional<swift::SILResultInfo>, swift::SubstitutionMap, swift::SubstitutionMap, swift::ASTContext const&, swift::RecursiveTypeProperties, swift::ProtocolConformanceRef) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x17998be)
+//  #9 0x000000000179a806 swift::SILFunctionType::get(swift::GenericSignature, swift::SILFunctionType::ExtInfo, swift::SILCoroutineKind, swift::ParameterConvention, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILParameterInfo>, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILYieldInfo>, llvm::ArrayRef<swift::SILResultInfo>, llvm::Optional<swift::SILResultInfo>, swift::SubstitutionMap, swift::SubstitutionMap, swift::ASTContext const&, swift::ProtocolConformanceRef) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x179a806)
+// #10 0x00000000010bf7e8 (anonymous namespace)::SILTypeSubstituter::substSILFunctionType(swift::CanTypeWrapper<swift::SILFunctionType>, bool) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x10bf7e8)
+// #11 0x00000000010be86c swift::SILType::subst(swift::Lowering::TypeConverter&, llvm::function_ref<swift::Type (swift::SubstitutableType*)>, llvm::function_ref<swift::ProtocolConformanceRef (swift::CanType, swift::Type, swift::ProtocolDecl*)>, swift::CanGenericSignature, bool) const (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x10be86c)
+// #12 0x00000000010ae3fe swift::GenericEnvironment::mapTypeIntoContext(swift::SILModule&, swift::SILType) const (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0x10ae3fe)
+// #13 0x0000000000f1a1e1 swift::autodiff::LinearMapInfo::addLinearMapToStruct(swift::autodiff::ADContext&, swift::ApplyInst*) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0xf1a1e1)
+// #14 0x0000000000f17925 swift::autodiff::LinearMapInfo::generateDifferentiationDataStructures(swift::autodiff::ADContext&, swift::SILFunction*) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0xf17925)
+// #15 0x0000000000f2615f swift::autodiff::VJPEmitter::VJPEmitter(swift::autodiff::ADContext&, swift::SILFunction*, swift::SILDifferentiabilityWitness*, swift::SILFunction*, swift::autodiff::DifferentiationInvoker) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0xf2615f)
+// #16 0x0000000000e7efff (anonymous namespace)::DifferentiationTransformer::canonicalizeDifferentiabilityWitness(swift::SILFunction*, swift::SILDifferentiabilityWitness*, swift::autodiff::DifferentiationInvoker, swift::IsSerialized_t) (build/Ninja-ReleaseAssert/swift-linux-x86_64/bin/swift+0xe7efff)