diff --git a/scenarios/ebb_and_flow.go b/scenarios/ebb_and_flow.go
index 063f6523..35067911 100644
--- a/scenarios/ebb_and_flow.go
+++ b/scenarios/ebb_and_flow.go
@@ -207,13 +207,14 @@ func (e *ebbAndFlowExecutor) Run(ctx context.Context, info loadgen.ScenarioInfo)
 			backlog = started - completed
 
 			target = calculateBacklogTarget(elapsed, config.Period, config.MinBacklog, config.MaxBacklog)
-			rate = calculateSpawnRate(target, backlog, config.MinBacklog, config.MaxBacklog, config.MaxRate)
-
-			if rate > 0 {
+			activities := target - backlog
+			activities = max(activities, 0)
+			activities = min(activities, config.MaxRate)
+			if activities > 0 {
 				startWG.Add(1)
 				go func(iter, rate int64) {
 					defer startWG.Done()
-					errCh <- e.spawnWorkflowWithActivities(ctx, iter, rate, config.SleepActivityConfig)
+					errCh <- e.spawnWorkflowWithActivities(ctx, iter, activities, config.SleepActivityConfig)
 				}(iter, rate)
 				iter++
 			}
@@ -281,11 +282,11 @@ func (e *ebbAndFlowExecutor) LoadState(loader func(any) error) error {
 
 func (e *ebbAndFlowExecutor) spawnWorkflowWithActivities(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	iteration, rate int64,
+	iteration, activities int64,
 	template *loadgen.SleepActivityConfig,
 ) error {
 	// Override activity count to fixed rate.
-	fixedDist := loadgen.NewFixedDistribution(rate)
+	fixedDist := loadgen.NewFixedDistribution(activities)
 	config := loadgen.SleepActivityConfig{
 		Count:  &fixedDist,
 		Groups: template.Groups,
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ func (e *ebbAndFlowExecutor) spawnWorkflowWithActivities(
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start ebbAndFlowTrack workflow for iteration %d: %w", iteration, err)
 	}
-	e.scheduledActivities.Add(rate)
+	e.scheduledActivities.Add(activities)
 
 	// Wait for workflow completion
 	var result ebbandflow.WorkflowOutput
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ func (e *ebbAndFlowExecutor) spawnWorkflowWithActivities(
 	if err != nil {
 		e.Logger.Errorf("ebbAndFlowTrack workflow failed for iteration %d: %v", iteration, err)
 	}
-	e.completedActivities.Add(rate)
+	e.completedActivities.Add(activities)
 	e.incrementTotalCompletedWorkflow()
 
 	return nil
@@ -336,23 +337,8 @@ func calculateBacklogTarget(
 	minBacklog, maxBacklog int64,
 ) int64 {
 	periods := elapsed.Seconds() / period.Seconds()
-	osc := (math.Sin(2*math.Pi*periods) + 1.0) / 2
+	osc := (math.Sin(2*math.Pi*(periods-0.25)) + 1.0) / 2
 	backlogRange := float64(maxBacklog - minBacklog)
 	baseTarget := float64(minBacklog) + osc*backlogRange
 	return int64(math.Round(baseTarget))
 }
-
-func calculateSpawnRate(
-	target int64,
-	backlog int64,
-	minBacklog, maxBacklog int64,
-	maxRate int64,
-) int64 {
-	backlogDelta := float64(target - backlog)                                     // how far backlog is from target
-	scaledBacklogDelta := math.Abs(backlogDelta) / float64(maxBacklog-minBacklog) // normalize to 0.0-1.0 range
-	gain := 1.0 + 2.0*scaledBacklogDelta                                          // smooth gain scheduling: 1.0 (small errors) to 3.0 (large errors)
-	rate := int64(backlogDelta * gain)                                            // calculate desired spawn rate (workflows/second)
-	rate = min(maxRate, rate)                                                     // cap at maximum allowed rate
-	rate = max(0, rate)
-	return rate
-}