sagemathgh-40178: Make preparser can handle large(4301+ digits) integers
    
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I'm pretty sure sage wants to use all kinds of numbers without losing
precision, or errors, since I can see `sys.set_int_max_str_digits(0)` in
all.py.

However, even with the limit set to 0 (unlimited) in all.py which is
called during import, it still cannot handle 4301+ digits integers,
because Python refuses to run if there's 4301+ digit number in the first
place.

For example, the following sage code has the following error (the
11...11 is actually 5000 digits of 1):

**long.sage**
```
a = 11...11
```

```
sage long.sage
  File "/home/soon_haari/mysage/long.sage.py", line 6
    _sage_const_11...11
SyntaxError: Exceeds the limit (4300 digits) for integer string
conversion: value has 5000 digits; use sys.set_int_max_str_digits() to
increase the limit - Consider hexadecimal for huge integer literals to
avoid decimal conversion limits.
```


In more details, `11...11` parses to `Integer(11...11)` where 11...11 in
Integer is supposed to be `<class 'int'>` in Python.
I suggest it parses to `Integer('11...11')` instead.

Funnily enough, real/complex numbers like `1.1` or `1j` or even `1.1j`
have no problem due to long digits, because it parses to
`RealNumber('1.1')`, `ComplexNumber(0, '1')`, `ComplexNumber(0, '1.1')`
which use string as arguments already. I suggest the same fix.

This fixes sagemath#40179.

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preview.

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URL: sagemath#40178
Reported by: Minsun Kim
Reviewer(s): Minsun Kim, Travis Scrimshaw, user202729, Vincent Macri

Author: Release Manager

src/sage/repl/preparse.py

@@ -1124,8 +1124,9 @@ def preparse_numeric_literals(code, extract=False, quotes="'"):
       name-construction pairs
 
     - ``quotes`` -- string (default: ``"'"``); used to surround string
-      arguments to RealNumber and ComplexNumber. If ``None``, will rebuild
-      the string using a list of its Unicode code-points.
+      arguments to RealNumber and ComplexNumber, and Integer when the
+      number is longer than 4300 digits. If ``None``, will rebuild the
+      string using a list of its Unicode code-points.
 
     OUTPUT:
 
@@ -1189,6 +1190,15 @@ def preparse_numeric_literals(code, extract=False, quotes="'"):
         sage: preparse_numeric_literals('000042')
         'Integer(42)'
 
+    Check that :issue:`40179` is fixed::
+
+        sage: preparse_numeric_literals("1" * 4300) == f"Integer({'1' * 4300})"
+        True
+        sage: preparse_numeric_literals("1" * 4301) == f"Integer('{'1' * 4301}')"
+        True
+        sage: preparse_numeric_literals("1" * 4301, quotes=None) == f'Integer(str().join(map(chr, {[49] * 4301})))'
+        True
+
     Test underscores as digit separators (PEP 515,
     https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0515/)::
 
@@ -1324,7 +1334,13 @@ def preparse_numeric_literals(code, extract=False, quotes="'"):
                 # Python 3 does not allow leading zeroes. Sage does, so just strip them out.
                 # The number is still interpreted as decimal, not octal!
                 num = re.sub(r'^0+', '', num)
-                num_make = "Integer(%s)" % num
+                if len(num) <= 4300:
+                    num_make = "Integer(%s)" % num
+                elif quotes:
+                    num_make = "Integer(%s%s%s)" % (quotes, num, quotes)
+                else:
+                    code_points = list(map(ord, list(num)))
+                    num_make = "Integer(str().join(map(chr, %s)))" % code_points
 
             literals[num_name] = num_make