diff --git a/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx b/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
index 9b4c184719c..fda3ca4856c 100644
--- a/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
+++ b/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
@@ -2068,3 +2068,13 @@ expectString(instance.actionText)
 // public prop on $props should be optional
 // @ts-expect-error
 expectString(instance.$props.actionText)
+
+// #12122
+defineComponent({
+  props: { foo: String },
+  render() {
+    expectType<{ readonly foo?: string }>(this.$props)
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    expectType<string>(this.$props)
+  },
+})
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
index 9ae6b41a4da..2ce870f0141 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ export function defineComponent<
         Mixin,
         Extends,
         ResolvedEmits,
-        RuntimeEmitsKeys,
+        {},
         {},
         false,
         InjectOptions,