module: only put directly require-d ESM into require.cache

[joyeecheung]

This reduces the impact of
https://redirect.github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59679 by delaying the require.cache population of ESM until they are directly required. After that, it's necessary for them to be in the cache to maintain correctness.

Refs: #59868

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/loaders

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/69215/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 88.27%. Comparing base (4984b15) to head (787d53a).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #59874      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   88.28%   88.27%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         702      702              
  Lines      206804   206803       -1     
  Branches    39793    39787       -6     
==========================================
- Hits       182571   182547      -24     
- Misses      16238    16275      +37     
+ Partials     7995     7981      -14     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js	96.14% <ø> (-0.05%)	⬇️
lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js	91.83% <100.00%> (-0.46%)	⬇️

... and 35 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/69216/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/69223/