feat!: use indirect indices for bloom filter to reduce size

[zhongzc]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

Wait for GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto#210

What's changed and what's your intention?

Add indirect indices for bloom filter.

E.g. for bloom filters like:

[ same content ][ same content ][ same content ][ other content ]

change to:

[0, 0, 0, 1]
 |  |  |  `------.
 |  |  |         |
 v  v  v         v
[ same content ][ other content ]

• applier can also benefit from this and reduce unnecessary repeated searches.
• protobuf as metadata of bloom filter to further cut the size.

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if some of the following conditions are not met.

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.
• API changes are backward compatible.
• Schema or data changes are backward compatible.

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[Copilot]

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 11 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Files not reviewed (5)

• src/index/src/bloom_filter/creator/finalize_segment.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/mito2/src/cache/index/bloom_filter_index.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/mito2/src/sst/index/bloom_filter/creator.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/index/Cargo.toml: Evaluated as low risk
• src/index/src/bloom_filter.rs: Evaluated as low risk

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (2)

src/index/src/bloom_filter/creator.rs:175

• [nitpick] The variable name 'elem_count' should be renamed to 'element_count' for consistency.

rows_per_segment: self.rows_per_segment as _,

src/index/src/bloom_filter/error.rs:35

• The error message for DecodeProto should be more descriptive. Consider including additional context about the decoding failure.

DecodeProto {

[waynexia]

I'd like a DROP INDEX for easy upgrade, or keep one more version for compatible....

[WenyXu]

Wait for GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto#210