Add Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier

[shivasubrahmanya]

This pull request adds a Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier implementation
to the machine_learning module.

What was added:

• A Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier implemented from scratch
• No external machine learning libraries are used
• Includes type hints, proper docstrings, and doctests
• Handles invalid inputs with appropriate exceptions

Why this is useful:

• Naive Bayes is a fundamental probabilistic classification algorithm
  widely taught in machine learning and data science
• Useful for understanding Bayesian classification concepts
• Complements existing classifiers like Logistic Regression, KNN, and SVM
  already present in the repository

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/〜textlearning/TextLearning.pdf
https://www.utdallas.edu/〜herve/abdi-bayes.pdf
https://cs229.stanford.edu/notes2020fall/cs229-notes1.pdf

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

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