Implement `date_part` for `Duration`

[nrc]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

We'd like to be able to use extract in DataFusion with Durations in the same way as Intervals (see #6113, apache/datafusion#6327)

Describe the solution you'd like

Similar to #6071, implement date_part for Intervals

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context

[alamb]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'arrow'} from #6246