Here's an example that functions in a browser DOM:
const text = `
<div>
<li>
<p class='example'>text</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>text</p>
</li>
</div>`
const parser = new DOMParser().parseFromString(text, "text/html")!;
const itemWithExample= parser.querySelector("li:has(.example)");
assert(itemWithExample);