Update runtime patch

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#### AI description  (iteration 1)
#### PR Classification
This pull request updates MSBuild dependency versions in a runtime patch.

#### PR Summary
The pull request backports changes linked to an upstream issue by updating MSBuild dependencies to version 17.8.3 and adjusting SHA values accordingly.
- `eng/Version.Details.xml`: Updated dependency versions and SHA hashes for MSBuild components (Framework, Tasks.Core, Utilities.Core, and SourceBuild.Intermediate.msbuild) from 17.8.43 to 17.8.3.
- `eng/Versions.props`: Modified version references for MSBuild tasks, framework, and utilities to align with the new 17.8.3 version.
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