build!: specify a minimum TypeScript version using typesVersions

[hsubox76]

Specified a minimum version of TypeScript required using typesVersions field. If the version is below, the TS compiler directs the compiler to use a typings file called typescript-not-supported.ts which contains a single string which will be logged as a syntax error in the TS compiler, and provide useful error info to the user.

Following user suggestions here: microsoft/TypeScript#32166

Fixes #8837

I chose 4.5 because due to the issue above we know that the SDK requires at least 4.5. I'm not sure if there are any other TS features we are using that require an even higher version (in a product or bundle that user wasn't using) but we can increase it if we discover any.

I added a hack to allow our old api-documenter (stuck on TS 4.1.6) to work - docgen.ts removes the typesVersions restriction on old versions in packages/app/package.json before running and then puts it back when it's done/exits. We will update api-documenter/extractor soon.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f54d039

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 3 packages

Name	Type
@firebase/app	Minor
firebase	Minor
@firebase/app-compat	Patch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

Changeset File Check ⚠️

• Warning: This PR modifies files in the following packages but they have not been included in the changeset file:%0A - @firebase/app-check%0A%0A Make sure this was intentional.

[google-oss-bot]

Size Report ¹

Affected Products

No changes between base commit (86155b3) and merge commit (e53d3ec).

Test Logs

• Base (86155b3): https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk/actions/runs/15859962192
• Merge (e53d3ec): https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk/actions/runs/15882304886

1. https://storage.googleapis.com/firebase-sdk-metric-reports/6CwfiNWPL2.html

[google-oss-bot]

Size Analysis Report ¹

Affected Products

No changes between base commit (86155b3) and merge commit (e53d3ec).

Test Logs

• Base (86155b3): https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk/actions/runs/15859962192
• Merge (e53d3ec): https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk/actions/runs/15882304886

1. https://storage.googleapis.com/firebase-sdk-metric-reports/5AdyqYNif9.html

[hsubox76]

After reviewing, this is a pretty hacky solution and the warning doesn't show up in a number of common cases. Closing this and trying to think of a better solution.