[camera_web] Add availableCameras implementation

[bselwe]

Adds availableCameras implementation of the camera platform interface.

• Added MediaDeviceKind - represents a kind of a media device (video input, audio input, audio output). Used when filtering video input devices in availableCameras.
• Added CameraSettings - a utility to fetch and map camera settings. Used to extract the camera lens direction from the video track. Currently supports the following methods:
  • getFacingModeForVideoTrack
  • mapFacingModeToLensDirection
• Added CameraMetadata used along the CameraDescription to store additional web-specific camera details. They are going to be used when creating a camera later.
• Added availableCameras implementation.
• Temporarily added camera_web to camera example pubspec. (Reverted by @ditman, this dependency can be added to any app needing this package directly, not necessarily to the camera plugin)

Part of flutter/flutter#45297.

Pre-launch Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• I read the Tree Hygiene wiki page, which explains my responsibilities.
• I read and followed the relevant style guides and ran the auto-formatter. (Note that unlike the flutter/flutter repo, the flutter/plugins repo does use dart format.)
• I signed the CLA.
• The title of the PR starts with the name of the plugin surrounded by square brackets, e.g. [shared_preferences]
• I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• I updated pubspec.yaml with an appropriate new version according to the pub versioning philosophy.
• I updated CHANGELOG.md to add a description of the change.
• I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• I added new tests to check the change I am making or feature I am adding, or Hixie said the PR is test exempt.
• All existing and new tests are passing.

[bselwe]

@ditman @felangel @orestesgaolin

[ditman]

This is looking good, I'm going to try and implement my own comments for this PR so we can keep going :)