UnicEdit-10M: A Dataset and Benchmark Breaking the Scale-Quality Barrier via Unified Verification for Reasoning-Enriched Edits

📌 Abstract

With the rapid advances of powerful multimodal models such as GPT-4o, Nano Banana, and Seedream 4.0 in Image Editing, the performance gap between closed-source and open-source models is widening, primarily due to the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data and comprehensive benchmarks capable of diagnosing model weaknesses across diverse editing behaviors. Existing data construction methods face a scale-quality trade-off: human annotations are high-quality but not scalable, while automated pipelines suffer from error propagation and noise. To address this, we introduce a lightweight data pipeline that replaces multi-toolchains with an end-to-end model and a unified post-verification stage. For scalable quality control, we train a 7B dual-task expert model, Qwen-Verify, for efficient failure detection and instruction recaptioning. This pipeline yields UnicEdit-10M, a 10M-scale dataset spanning diverse basic and complex editing tasks. We also propose UnicBench, a general benchmark that extends beyond basic edits to explicitly assess spatial and knowledge-driven reasoning. To enable fine-grained diagnosis, we introduce novel metrics, including Non-edit Consistency and Reasoning Accuracy. Our analysis of mainstream models on UnicBench reveals their limitations and provides clear directions for future research. The dataset, benchmark, and code will be released.

🔥 News

• [2025.12.2] Code and benchmark released.
• [2025.12.2] Paper released on arXiv.

✅ TODO

• Release UnicBench evaluation code
• Release benchmark test data
• Release UnicEdit-10M dataset
• Release Qwen-Verify model
• Release data generation pipeline

🎯 Highlights

• UnicEdit-10M: A quality-aware data curation pipeline with unified post-verification and a 10M-scale high-quality image editing dataset with diverse basic and complex editing tasks.
• Qwen-Verify: A 7B dual-task expert model for efficient failure detection and instruction recaptioning.
• UnicBench: A comprehensive benchmark with novel metrics (Non-edit Consistency, Reasoning Accuracy) for fine-grained diagnosis.

📊 Data Pipeline

🖼️ Dataset Showcases

📁 Project Structure

UnicBench/
├── assets/                 # Images for README
├── data/
│   ├── prompts.py          # VLM evaluation prompts (IF, NC, VQ, RA)
│   └── test_data.jsonl     # Benchmark test data
├── eval/
│   ├── eval_pipeline.py    # Main evaluation pipeline
│   └── calculate_scores.py # Score statistics tool
├── inference/
│   ├── gen_samples_flux.py # Generate samples using FLUX
│   └── gen_samples_flux.sh # Shell script for inference
└── models/                 # VLM models for evaluation

🛠️ Installation

# Create conda environment
conda create -n unicbench python=3.11
conda activate unicbench

# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

📥 Dataset

You can load the dataset directly from Hugging Face using the datasets library:

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the dataset
ds = load_dataset("xiaotanhua/UnicBench")

# Access data
print(ds['train'][0])

📐 UnicBench

Benchmark Overview

UnicBench consists of 1,100 samples across 4 task categories and 22 subtasks:

Task Category	Subtasks	Samples
Object Editing	7 subtasks	350
Attribute Editing	5 subtasks	250
Scene Editing	5 subtasks	250
Reasoning Editing	5 subtasks	250

Evaluation Metrics

Metric	Description
IF (Instruction Following)	Measures how well the edit follows the given instruction
NC (Non-edit Consistency)	Measures consistency of non-edited regions
VQ (Visual Quality)	Measures visual quality and naturalness of edited images
RA (Reasoning Accuracy)	Measures reasoning accuracy (only for Reasoning Editing tasks)

🚀 Usage

1. Generate Edited Images

First, generate edited images using your image editing model. The output should be saved following this path format:

{save_dir}/{model_name}/{subtask_name}/{language}/{key}.png

We provide reference inference scripts for FLUX.1-Kontext and Qwen-Image-Edit:

bash inference/gen_samples_flux.sh  # for FLUX.1-Kontext
bash inference/gen_samples_qwen.sh  # for Qwen-Image-Edit

The output directory structure must follow the format below:

{save_dir}/
└── {model_name}/
    ├── {subtask_name}/{language}/      # Edited images
    └── eval_output/{vlm_name}/
        ├── {subtask_name}_{language}_results.jsonl  # Per-sample results
        └── statistics/
            └── {language}_statistics.json           # Aggregated statistics

2. Run Evaluation

Use eval_pipeline.py to evaluate edited images and compute final scores. You can load data from a local JSONL file or directly from Hugging Face.

Option 1: Using Hugging Face Dataset (Recommended)

cd eval

python eval_pipeline.py \
    --data_path xiaotanhua/UnicBench \
    --save_dir /path/to/results \
    --edit_model_name your_model_name \
    --vlm_model_name gpt-4.1 \
    --languages en \
    --num_workers 8

Option 2: Using Local JSONL File

cd eval

python eval_pipeline.py \
    --data_path ../data/test_data.jsonl \
    --image_dir /path/to/benchmark/images \
    --save_dir /path/to/results \
    --edit_model_name your_model_name \
    --vlm_model_name gpt-4.1 \
    --languages en \
    --num_workers 8

Parameters:

Parameter	Description
--data_path	Path to test data jsonl file OR Hugging Face dataset name (e.g., xiaotanhua/UnicBench)
--image_dir	Directory containing original benchmark images (Required for JSONL, Optional for HF dataset)
--save_dir	Root directory to save results
--edit_model_name	Name of your editing model
--vlm_model_name	VLM model for evaluation (default: gpt-4.1-2025-04-14)
--languages	Languages to evaluate: en, cn, or both
--num_workers	Number of parallel workers (for API-based VLMs)
--skip_evaluation	Skip evaluation, only compute statistics

3. Calculate Statistics (Optional)

If evaluation has already been completed and you only need to aggregate statistics, use calculate_scores.py to compute score statistics from evaluation results:

python calculate_scores.py \
    --save_dir /path/to/results \
    --edit_model_name your_model_name \
    --vlm_model_name gpt-4.1 \
    --languages en cn

📈 Benchmark Results

Evaluation results of mainstream image editing models on UnicBench:

📜 Citation

@article{ye2025unicedit,
  title={UnicEdit-10M: A Dataset and Benchmark Breaking the Scale-Quality Barrier via Unified Verification for Reasoning-Enriched Edits},
  author={Ye, Keming and Huang, Zhipeng and Fu, Canmiao and Liu, Qingyang and Cai, Jiani and Lv, Zheqi and Li, Chen and Lyu, Jing and Zhao, Zhou and Zhang, Shengyu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.02790},
  year={2025}
}

📄 License

This project is released under the Apache 2.0 License.

🙏 Acknowledgements

We thank all contributors and the open-source community for their support.