Update the UI Date component documentation

[serhiyzhovnir]

Purpose of this pull request

This pull request (PR) updates the UI Date component documentation.

Improvements:

• Adjusted markdown for table
• Added the Source files section
• Added the Example section
• Added the Result section

Affected DevDocs pages

• https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/ui_comp_guide/components/ui-date.html
• https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.3/ui_comp_guide/components/ui-date.html

Links to Magento source code

• https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/2.3/app/code/Magento/Ui/view/base/web/js/form/element/date.js
• https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/2.2/app/code/Magento/Ui/view/base/web/js/form/element/date.js
• https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/2.3/app/code/Magento/CatalogRule/view/adminhtml/ui_component/catalog_rule_form.xml#L175-L206 (example of usage)
• https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/2.2/app/code/Magento/CatalogRule/view/adminhtml/ui_component/catalog_rule_form.xml#L175-L206 (example of usage)

whatsnew
Added source files, example, and results sections to the Date Component topic in the UI Components Guide.

[devops-devdocs]

An admin must run tests on this PR before it can be merged.

[serhiyzhovnir]

Hi @osrecio
Any updates here?
Thanks.

[dobooth]

running tests

[ghost]

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