fix: support errors with circular dependencies in object values with --parallel

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

PR Checklist

• Addresses an existing open issue: fixes 🐛 Bug: Setting readOnly properties in breakCircularDeps breaks the reporter in parallel mode with allow-uncaught #5188; fixes 🐛 Bug: infinite loop in parallel tests with uncaught error containing circular dependency #5209
• That issue was marked as status: accepting prs
• Steps in CONTRIBUTING.md were taken

Overview

Only calling breakCircularDeps on result.error means any circular references in other properties of result still go through. SerializableEvent._serialize can generally visit them fine, but they still end up being infinitely added to pairs. This PR adds a seenPairs Set to make sure they only get serialized once each. This fixes #5209.

Also only writes to properties with .writable object descriptors. This fixes #5188.

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

The test failures on Node 22 happen for me locally on main too. Filed #5213.

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

Since the other maintainers haven't had time to review this & aren't consistently active this month, I'm just going to go ahead and merge it myself.