TSL: Double-check on the parents of the atomic functions to prevent errors

[sunag]

Closes #31478

Description

Double-check on the parents of the atomic functions to prevent errors and improve error message for do not use atomic in vertex or fragment stages. https://webgpu.rocks/wgsl/functions/synchronization-atomic/

[github-actions]

📦 Bundle size

Full ESM build, minified and gzipped.

	Before	After	Diff
WebGL	338.37 78.9	338.37 78.9	+0 B +0 B
WebGPU	561.4 155.29	561.53 155.34	+128 B +47 B
WebGPU Nodes	560.01 155.05	560.14 155.1	+128 B +48 B

🌳 Bundle size after tree-shaking

Minimal build including a renderer, camera, empty scene, and dependencies.

	Before	After	Diff
WebGL	469.75 113.6	469.75 113.6	+0 B +0 B
WebGPU	636.14 172.14	636.26 172.19	+117 B +46 B
WebGPU Nodes	590.79 161.38	590.91 161.42	+117 B +46 B