test_runner: support object property mocking

doc/api/test.md

@@ -2036,6 +2036,50 @@ added:
 
 Resets the implementation of the mock module.
 
+## Class: `MockPropertyContext`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+The `MockPropertyContext` class is used to inspect or manipulate the behavior
+of property mocks created via the [`MockTracker`][] APIs.
+
+### `ctx.accesses`
+
+* {Array}
+
+A getter that returns a copy of the internal array used to track accesses (get/set) to
+the mocked property. Each entry in the array is an object with the following properties:
+
+* `type` {string} Either `'get'` or `'set'`, indicating the type of access.
+* `value` {any} The value that was read (for `'get'`) or written (for `'set'`).
+* `stack` {Error} An `Error` object whose stack can be used to determine the
+  callsite of the mocked function invocation.
+
+### `ctx.accessCount()`
+
+* Returns: {integer} The number of times that the property was accessed (read or written).
+
+This function returns the number of times that the property was accessed.
+This function is more efficient than checking `ctx.accesses.length` because
+`ctx.accesses` is a getter that creates a copy of the internal access tracking array.
+
+### `ctx.mockImplementation(value)`
+
+* `value` {any} The new value to be set as the mocked property value.
+
+This function is used to change the value returned by the mocked property getter.
+
+### `ctx.resetAccesses()`
+
+Resets the access history of the mocked property.
+
+### `ctx.restore()`
+
+Resets the implementation of the mock property to its original behavior. The
+mock can still be used after calling this function.
+
 ## Class: `MockTracker`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -2240,6 +2284,43 @@ test('mocks a builtin module in both module systems', async (t) => {
 });
 ```
 
+### `mock.property(object, propertyName[, value])`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+* `object` {Object} The object whose value is being mocked.
+* `propertyName` {string|symbol} The identifier of the property on `object` to mock.
+* `value` {any} An optional value used as the mock value
+  for `object[valueName]`. **Default:** The original property value.
+* Returns: {Proxy} A proxy to the mocked object. The mocked object contains a
+  special `mock` property, which is an instance of [`MockPropertyContext`][], and
+  can be used for inspecting and changing the behavior of the mocked property.
+
+Creates a mock for a property value on an object. This allows you to track and control access to a specific property,
+including how many times it is read (getter) or written (setter), and to restore the original value after mocking.
+
+```js
+test('mocks a property value', (t) => {
+  const obj = { foo: 42 };
+  const prop = t.mock.property(obj, 'foo', 100);
+
+  assert.strictEqual(obj.foo, 100);
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accessCount(), 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accesses[0].type, 'get');
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accesses[0].value, 100);
+
+  obj.foo = 200;
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accessCount(), 2);
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accesses[1].type, 'set');
+  assert.strictEqual(prop.mock.accesses[1].value, 200);
+
+  prop.mock.restore();
+  assert.strictEqual(obj.foo, 42);
+});
+```
+
 ### `mock.reset()`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -3774,6 +3855,7 @@ Can be used to abort test subtasks when the test has been aborted.
 [`--test-update-snapshots`]: cli.md#--test-update-snapshots
 [`--test`]: cli.md#--test
 [`MockFunctionContext`]: #class-mockfunctioncontext
+[`MockPropertyContext`]: #class-mockpropertycontext
 [`MockTimers`]: #class-mocktimers
 [`MockTracker.method`]: #mockmethodobject-methodname-implementation-options
 [`MockTracker`]: #class-mocktracker

lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock.js

@@ -284,6 +284,106 @@ class MockModuleContext {
 
 const { restore: restoreModule } = MockModuleContext.prototype;
 
+class MockPropertyContext {
+  #object;
+  #propertyName;
+  #value;
+  #originalValue;
+  #descriptor;
+  #accesses;
+
+  constructor(object, propertyName, value) {
+    this.#accesses = [];
+    this.#object = object;
+    this.#propertyName = propertyName;
+    this.#originalValue = object[propertyName];
+    this.#value = value ?? this.#originalValue;
+    this.#descriptor = ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, propertyName);
+    if (!this.#descriptor) {
+      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
+        'propertyName', propertyName, 'is not a property of the object',
+      );
+    }
+
+    const { configurable, enumerable } = this.#descriptor;
+    ObjectDefineProperty(object, propertyName, {
+      __proto__: null,
+      configurable,
+      enumerable,
+      get: () => {
+        const access = {
+          __proto__: null,
+          type: 'get',
+          value: this.#value,
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+          stack: new Error(),
+        };
+        ArrayPrototypePush(this.#accesses, access);
+        return this.#value;
+      },
+      set: this.mockImplementation.bind(this),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an array of recorded accesses (get/set) to the property.
+   * @returns {Array} An array of access records.
+   */
+  get accesses() {
+    return ArrayPrototypeSlice(this.#accesses, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the number of times the property was accessed (get or set).
+   * @returns {number} The total number of accesses.
+   */
+  accessCount() {
+    return this.#accesses.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a new value for the property.
+   * @param {any} value - The new value to be set.
+   * @throws {Error} If the property is not writable.
+   */
+  mockImplementation(value) {
+    if (!this.#descriptor.writable) {
+      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
+        'propertyName', this.#propertyName, 'cannot be set',
+      );
+    }
+    const access = {
+      __proto__: null,
+      type: 'set',
+      value: value,
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+      stack: new Error(),
+    };
+    ArrayPrototypePush(this.#accesses, access);
+    this.#value = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the recorded accesses to the property.
+   */
+  resetAccesses() {
+    this.#accesses = [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Restores the original value of the property that was mocked.
+   */
+  restore() {
+    ObjectDefineProperty(this.#object, this.#propertyName, {
+      __proto__: null,
+      ...this.#descriptor,
+      value: this.#originalValue,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+const { restore: restoreProperty } = MockPropertyContext.prototype;
+
 class MockTracker {
   #mocks = [];
   #timers;
@@ -573,6 +673,39 @@ class MockTracker {
     return ctx;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a property tracker for a specified object.
+   * @param {(object)} object - The object whose value is being tracked.
+   * @param {string} propertyName - The identifier of the property on object to be tracked.
+   * @param {any} value - A value used as the mock value for object[valueName].
+   * @returns {ProxyConstructor} The mock property tracker.
+   */
+  property(
+    object,
+    propertyName,
+    value,
+  ) {
+    validateObject(object, 'object');
+    validateStringOrSymbol(propertyName, 'propertyName');
+
+    const ctx = new MockPropertyContext(object, propertyName, value);
+    ArrayPrototypePush(this.#mocks, {
+      __proto__: null,
+      ctx,
+      restore: restoreProperty,
+    });
+
+    return new Proxy(object, {
+      __proto__: null,
+      get(target, property, receiver) {
+        if (property === 'mock') {
+          return ctx;
+        }
+        return ReflectGet(target, property, receiver);
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Resets the mock tracker, restoring all mocks and clearing timers.
    */