DOC: updated docstrings for EX02 validation and updated code_checks

[phershbe]

• closes DOC fix EX02 errors in docstrings #51236
• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Closes an issue which was worked on by several people.

./ci/code_checks.sh docstrings is now passing completely with the Partially validate docstrings (EX02) section and its corresponding --ignore_functions list deleted and EX02 moved to the main Validate docstrings command.

pre-commit passes on the updated files.

[phershbe]

@MarcoGorelli I feel pretty confident about the work here except for the What's new description. I put it in the 2.0.0 section, is that correct? I wanted to link to the main function in validate_docstrings.py, but I couldn't find it in the documentation. I added it to the Other enhancements section and wasn't sure if that was correct either. Also, obviously the other contributors and I should be listed in the What's new section, but it appears that the Contributors section will be filled out later.

Sorry for all of the questions, I'm asking them because the finishing of this issue represents the work of several other people as well and I wanted to make sure that things are correct.

[MarcoGorelli]

Thanks @phershbe !

This doesn't need a whatsnew note as it's not user-facing

And yes, the contributors list will be populated automatically