Extending the glossary

doc/user-guide/terminology.rst

@@ -131,3 +131,129 @@ complete examples, please consult the relevant documentation.*
         ``__array_ufunc__`` and ``__array_function__`` protocols are also required.
 
         __ https://numpy.org/neps/nep-0022-ndarray-duck-typing-overview.html
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+            :suppress:
+
+            import numpy as np
+            import pandas as pd
+            import xarray as xr
+
+    Aligning
+        Aligning refers to the process of ensuring that two or more DataArrays or Datasets
+        have the same dimensions and coordinates, so that they can be combined or compared properly.
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+
+            x = xr.DataArray(
+                [[25, 35], [10, 24]],
+                dims=("lat", "lon"),
+                coords={"lat": [35.0, 40.0], "lon": [100.0, 120.0]},
+            )
+            y = xr.DataArray(
+                [[20, 5], [7, 13]],
+                dims=("lat", "lon"),
+                coords={"lat": [35.0, 42.0], "lon": [100.0, 120.0]},
+            )
+            x
+            y
+
+    Broadcasting
+        A technique that allows operations to be performed on arrays with different shapes and dimensions.
+        When performing operations on arrays with different shapes and dimensions, xarray will automatically broadcast the
+        arrays to a common shape before the operation is applied.
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+
+            # 'a' has shape (3,) and 'b' has shape (4,)
+            a = xr.DataArray(np.array([1, 2, 3]), dims=["x"])
+            b = xr.DataArray(np.array([4, 5, 6, 7]), dims=["y"])
+
+            # 2D array with shape (3, 4)
+            a + b
+
+    Merging
+        Merging is used to combine two or more Datasets or DataArrays that have different variables or coordinates along
+        the same dimensions. When merging, xarray aligns the variables and coordinates of the different datasets along
+        the specified dimensions and creates a new ``Dataset`` containing all the variables and coordinates.
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+
+            # create two 1D arrays with names
+            arr1 = xr.DataArray(
+                [1, 2, 3], dims=["x"], coords={"x": [10, 20, 30]}, name="arr1"
+            )
+            arr2 = xr.DataArray(
+                [4, 5, 6], dims=["x"], coords={"x": [20, 30, 40]}, name="arr2"
+            )
+
+            # merge the two arrays into a new dataset
+            merged_ds = xr.Dataset({"arr1": arr1, "arr2": arr2})
+            merged_ds
+
+    Concatenating
+        Concatenating is used to combine two or more Datasets or DataArrays along a dimension. When concatenating,
+        xarray arranges the datasets or dataarrays along a new dimension, and the resulting ``Dataset`` or ``Dataarray``
+        will have the same variables and coordinates along the other dimensions.
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+
+            a = xr.DataArray([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dims=("x", "y"))
+            b = xr.DataArray([[5, 6], [7, 8]], dims=("x", "y"))
+            c = xr.concat([a, b], dim="c")
+            c
+
+    Combining
+        Combining in xarray is a general term used to describe the process of arranging two or more DataArrays or Datasets
+        into a single ``DataArray`` or ``Dataset`` using some combination of merging and concatenation operations.
+
+        .. ipython:: python
+
+            ds1 = xr.Dataset(
+                {"data": xr.DataArray([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dims=("x", "y"))},
+                coords={"x": [1, 2], "y": [3, 4]},
+            )
+            ds2 = xr.Dataset(
+                {"data": xr.DataArray([[5, 6], [7, 8]], dims=("x", "y"))},
+                coords={"x": [2, 3], "y": [4, 5]},
+            )
+
+            # combine the datasets
+            combined_ds = xr.combine_by_coords([ds1, ds2])
+            combined_ds
+
+    lazy
+        When working with xarray, you often deal with big sets of data. Instead of doing
+        calculations right away, xarray lets you plan what calculations you want to do, like finding the
+        average temperature in a dataset.This planning is called "lazy evaluation." Later, when
+        you're ready to see the final result, you tell xarray, "Okay, go ahead and do those calculations now!"
+        That's when xarray starts working through the steps you planned and gives you the answer you wanted.This
+        lazy approach helps save time and memory because xarray only does the work when you actually need the
+        results.
+
+    labeled
+        labeled refers to the way data is named with meaningful labels or coordinates.Instead of just having
+        numerical indices to locate values, xarray allows you to attach labels to each dimension. These labels
+        provide context and meaning to the data, making it easier to understand and work with. If you have
+        temperature data for different cities over time. Using xarray, you can label the dimensions: one for
+        cities and another for time.
+
+    serialization
+        Serialization is like putting your collection of data into a format that makes it easy to save and share.
+        When you serialize data in xarray, you're taking all those temperature measurements, along with their
+        labels and other information, and turning them into a format that can be stored in a file or sent over
+        the internet.
+
+    indexing
+        Indexing is way to quickly find and grab the specific pieces of data you're interested in from your
+        dataset.
+        Label-based Indexing: You can use labels to specify what you want like "Give me the temperature for New York on July 15th."
+        Positional Indexing: You can use numbers to refer to positions in the data like "Give me the third temperature in the list." This is useful when you know the order of your data but don't need to remember the exact labels.
+        Slicing: You can take a "slice" of your data, like you might want all temperatures from July 1st to July 10th.
+        Boolean Indexing: You can use true/false statements to filter your data. It's like saying "Show me temperatures where it was above 80 degrees."
+
+    backend
+        "backend" refers to the way xarray stores and manages your data behind the scenes.If you have a bunch
+        of temperature measurements from different cities. You want to use xarray to organize and analyze this
+        data. The backend is how xarray decides to store this information in memory so that you can easily
+        access and manipulate it.