gh-93627: Align copy module behaviour with pickle module

[eendebakpt]

In this PR we align the behavior of the copy module with the pickle module. See #93627 and #103035 for more discussion. For example:

import copy

class C(object):
    __copy__ = None
x= C()

copy.copy(x) # returns a copy on main, with this PR raises a TypeError

The more consistent behaviour in this PR has to be weighted against the alternative option: keep the current behaviour (which is backwards compatible).

Some notes:

• Changing the behaviour does not break any existing unit tests. For either this PR, or the keeping the current behaviour, we can add tests to ensure the behaviour in the future.

• One variation is to change the behavior of __reduce_ex__ and __reduce__ attributes to align with pickle, but do not modify the behaviour of __copy__ and __deepcopy__ (these methods are specific for the copy module and not present in the pickle module

• Issue: Inconsistency in handling None handlers in the Python and C implementations of pickle #93627

[eendebakpt]

@serhiy-storchaka As the creator of the corresponding issue, would you be able to review this PR?

[skirpichev]

I took liberty to fix a merge conflict.