Fix #24193: Do not try equally preferred alternatives in case of divergent implicit

[Alex1005a]

Fixes #24193
In case of implicit search specified in the test, it takes O(n!) attempts to return the error: No given instance of type Clock.
To avoid this, a skip of attempts is added for equally preferred alternatives in case of a divergent implicit error (with the same type as the one being searched for), because if the implicit is found, there will still be an ambiguous implicit error.

Because of this condition, in some places there may now be a divergent implicit error instead of an ambiguous implicit.

trait A[T]
implicit def diverge[T](implicit d1: DummyImplicit, d2: DummyImplicit): A[T] = ???
implicit def good[T](implicit a: A[T]): A[T] = ???
def geta[T: A] = ???
def testgeta = {
  geta // diverging implicit search
}

In theory, this could result in no constraints being imposed on the result type where they were previously, but I haven't found a way to reproduce this yet.
This PR also possibly fixes #18763 (I definitely saw a decrease in the number of implicit searches when debugging).