An alternative scheme for precise apply methods of enums

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/Desugar.scala

@@ -658,15 +658,6 @@ object desugar {
     // For all other classes, the parent is AnyRef.
     val companions =
       if (isCaseClass) {
-        // The return type of the `apply` method, and an (empty or singleton) list
-        // of widening coercions
-        val (applyResultTpt, widenDefs) =
-          if (!isEnumCase)
-            (TypeTree(), Nil)
-          else if (parents.isEmpty || enumClass.typeParams.isEmpty)
-            (enumClassTypeRef, Nil)
-          else
-            enumApplyResult(cdef, parents, derivedEnumParams, appliedRef(enumClassRef, derivedEnumParams))
 
         // true if access to the apply method has to be restricted
         // i.e. if the case class constructor is either private or qualified private
@@ -697,8 +688,6 @@ object desugar {
           then anyRef
           else
             constrVparamss.foldRight(classTypeRef)((vparams, restpe) => Function(vparams map (_.tpt), restpe))
-        def widenedCreatorExpr =
-          widenDefs.foldLeft(creatorExpr)((rhs, meth) => Apply(Ident(meth.name), rhs :: Nil))
         val applyMeths =
           if (mods.is(Abstract)) Nil
           else {
@@ -711,9 +700,8 @@ object desugar {
             val appParamss =
               derivedVparamss.nestedZipWithConserve(constrVparamss)((ap, cp) =>
                 ap.withMods(ap.mods | (cp.mods.flags & HasDefault)))
-            val app = DefDef(nme.apply, derivedTparams, appParamss, applyResultTpt, widenedCreatorExpr)
-              .withMods(appMods)
-            app :: widenDefs
+            DefDef(nme.apply, derivedTparams, appParamss, TypeTree(), creatorExpr)
+              .withMods(appMods) :: Nil
           }
         val unapplyMeth = {
           val hasRepeatedParam = constrVparamss.head.exists {

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/DesugarEnums.scala

@@ -201,52 +201,6 @@ object DesugarEnums {
         TypeTree(), creator).withFlags(Private | Synthetic)
   }
 
-  /** The return type of an enum case apply method and any widening methods in which
-   *  the apply's right hand side will be wrapped. For parents of the form
-   *
-   *      extends E(args) with T1(args1) with ... TN(argsN)
-   *
-   *  and type parameters `tparams` the generated widen method is
-   *
-   *      def C$to$E[tparams](x$1: E[tparams] with T1 with ... TN) = x$1
-   *
-   *  @param cdef            The case definition
-   *  @param parents         The declared parents of the enum case
-   *  @param tparams         The type parameters of the enum case
-   *  @param appliedEnumRef  The enum class applied to `tparams`.
-   */
-  def enumApplyResult(
-      cdef: TypeDef,
-      parents: List[Tree],
-      tparams: List[TypeDef],
-      appliedEnumRef: Tree)(using Context): (Tree, List[DefDef]) = {
-
-    def extractType(t: Tree): Tree = t match {
-      case Apply(t1, _) => extractType(t1)
-      case TypeApply(t1, ts) => AppliedTypeTree(extractType(t1), ts)
-      case Select(t1, nme.CONSTRUCTOR) => extractType(t1)
-      case New(t1) => t1
-      case t1 => t1
-    }
-
-    val parentTypes = parents.map(extractType)
-    parentTypes.head match {
-      case parent: RefTree if parent.name == enumClass.name =>
-        // need a widen method to compute correct type parameters for enum base class
-        val widenParamType = parentTypes.tail.foldLeft(appliedEnumRef)(makeAndType)
-        val widenParam = makeSyntheticParameter(tpt = widenParamType)
-        val widenDef = DefDef(
-          name = s"${cdef.name}$$to$$${enumClass.name}".toTermName,
-          tparams = tparams,
-          vparamss = (widenParam :: Nil) :: Nil,
-          tpt = TypeTree(),
-          rhs = Ident(widenParam.name))
-        (TypeTree(), widenDef :: Nil)
-      case _ =>
-        (parentTypes.reduceLeft(makeAndType), Nil)
-    }
-  }
-
   /** Is a type parameter in `enumTypeParams` referenced from an enum class case that has
    *  given type parameters `caseTypeParams`, value parameters `vparamss` and parents `parents`?
    *  Issues an error if that is the case but the reference is illegal.

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/ConstraintHandling.scala

@@ -286,18 +286,53 @@ trait ConstraintHandling {
     }
   }
 
+  /** If `tp` is an intersection such that some operands are super trait instances
+   *  and others are not, replace as many super trait instances as possible with Any
+   *  as long as the result is still a subtype of `bound`. But fall back to the
+   *  original type if the resulting widened type is a supertype of all dropped
+   *  types (since in this case the type was not a true intersection of super traits
+   *  and other types to start with).
+   */
+  def dropSuperTraits(tp: Type, bound: Type)(using Context): Type =
+    var kept: Set[Type] = Set()      // types to keep since otherwise bound would not fit
+    var dropped: List[Type] = List() // the types dropped so far, last one on top
+
+    def dropOneSuperTrait(tp: Type): Type =
+      val tpd = tp.dealias
+      if tpd.typeSymbol.isSuperTrait && !tpd.isLambdaSub && !kept.contains(tpd) then
+        dropped = tpd :: dropped
+        defn.AnyType
+      else tpd match
+        case AndType(tp1, tp2) =>
+          val tp1w = dropOneSuperTrait(tp1)
+          if tp1w ne tp1 then tp1w & tp2
+          else
+            val tp2w = dropOneSuperTrait(tp2)
+            if tp2w ne tp2 then tp1 & tp2w
+            else tpd
+        case _ =>
+          tp
+
+    def recur(tp: Type): Type =
+      val tpw = dropOneSuperTrait(tp)
+      if tpw eq tp then tp
+      else if tpw <:< bound then recur(tpw)
+      else
+        kept += dropped.head
+        dropped = dropped.tail
+        recur(tp)
+
+    val tpw = recur(tp)
+    if (tpw eq tp) || dropped.forall(_ frozen_<:< tpw) then tp else tpw
+  end dropSuperTraits
+
   /** Widen inferred type `inst` with upper `bound`, according to the following rules:
    *   1. If `inst` is a singleton type, or a union containing some singleton types,
    *      widen (all) the singleton type(s), provided the result is a subtype of `bound`
    *      (i.e. `inst.widenSingletons <:< bound` succeeds with satisfiable constraint)
    *   2. If `inst` is a union type, approximate the union type from above by an intersection
    *      of all common base types, provided the result is a subtype of `bound`.
-   *   3. If `inst` is an intersection such that some operands are super trait instances
-   *      and others are not, replace as many super trait instances as possible with Any
-   *      as long as the result is still a subtype of `bound`. But fall back to the
-   *      original type if the resulting widened type is a supertype of all dropped
-   *      types (since in this case the type was not a true intersection of super traits
-   *      and other types to start with).
+   *   3. drop super traits from intersections (see @dropSuperTraits)
    *
    *  Don't do these widenings if `bound` is a subtype of `scala.Singleton`.
    *  Also, if the result of these widenings is a TypeRef to a module class,
@@ -308,40 +343,6 @@ trait ConstraintHandling {
    * as those could leak the annotation to users (see run/inferred-repeated-result).
    */
   def widenInferred(inst: Type, bound: Type)(using Context): Type =
-
-    def dropSuperTraits(tp: Type): Type =
-      var kept: Set[Type] = Set()      // types to keep since otherwise bound would not fit
-      var dropped: List[Type] = List() // the types dropped so far, last one on top
-
-      def dropOneSuperTrait(tp: Type): Type =
-        val tpd = tp.dealias
-        if tpd.typeSymbol.isSuperTrait && !tpd.isLambdaSub && !kept.contains(tpd) then
-          dropped = tpd :: dropped
-          defn.AnyType
-        else tpd match
-          case AndType(tp1, tp2) =>
-            val tp1w = dropOneSuperTrait(tp1)
-            if tp1w ne tp1 then tp1w & tp2
-            else
-              val tp2w = dropOneSuperTrait(tp2)
-              if tp2w ne tp2 then tp1 & tp2w
-              else tpd
-          case _ =>
-            tp
-
-      def recur(tp: Type): Type =
-        val tpw = dropOneSuperTrait(tp)
-        if tpw eq tp then tp
-        else if tpw <:< bound then recur(tpw)
-        else
-          kept += dropped.head
-          dropped = dropped.tail
-          recur(tp)
-
-      val tpw = recur(tp)
-      if (tpw eq tp) || dropped.forall(_ frozen_<:< tpw) then tp else tpw
-    end dropSuperTraits
-
     def widenOr(tp: Type) =
       val tpw = tp.widenUnion
       if (tpw ne tp) && (tpw <:< bound) then tpw else tp
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ trait ConstraintHandling {
 
     val wideInst =
       if isSingleton(bound) then inst
-      else dropSuperTraits(widenOr(widenSingle(inst)))
+      else dropSuperTraits(widenOr(widenSingle(inst)), bound)
     wideInst match
       case wideInst: TypeRef if wideInst.symbol.is(Module) =>
         TermRef(wideInst.prefix, wideInst.symbol.sourceModule)

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeComparer.scala

@@ -2625,6 +2625,9 @@ object TypeComparer {
   def widenInferred(inst: Type, bound: Type)(using Context): Type =
     comparing(_.widenInferred(inst, bound))
 
+  def dropSuperTraits(tp: Type, bound: Type)(using Context): Type =
+    comparing(_.dropSuperTraits(tp, bound))
+
   def constrainPatternType(pat: Type, scrut: Type)(using Context): Boolean =
     comparing(_.constrainPatternType(pat, scrut))
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/SymUtils.scala

@@ -160,6 +160,9 @@ object SymUtils {
   def isField(using Context): Boolean =
     self.isTerm && !self.is(Method)
 
+  def isEnumCase(using Context): Boolean =
+    self.isAllOf(EnumCase, butNot = JavaDefined)
+
   def annotationsCarrying(meta: ClassSymbol)(using Context): List[Annotation] =
     self.annotations.filter(_.symbol.hasAnnotation(meta))
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Applications.scala

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import ProtoTypes._
 import Inferencing._
 import reporting._
 import transform.TypeUtils._
+import transform.SymUtils._
 import Nullables.{postProcessByNameArgs, given _}
 import config.Feature
 
@@ -891,7 +892,9 @@ trait Applications extends Compatibility {
           case funRef: TermRef =>
             val app = ApplyTo(tree, fun1, funRef, proto, pt)
             convertNewGenericArray(
-              postProcessByNameArgs(funRef, app).computeNullable())
+              widenEnumCase(
+                postProcessByNameArgs(funRef, app).computeNullable(),
+                pt))
           case _ =>
             handleUnexpectedFunType(tree, fun1)
         }
@@ -1091,7 +1094,7 @@ trait Applications extends Compatibility {
    *  It is performed during typer as creation of generic arrays needs a classTag.
    *  we rely on implicit search to find one.
    */
-  def convertNewGenericArray(tree: Tree)(using Context):  Tree = tree match {
+  def convertNewGenericArray(tree: Tree)(using Context): Tree = tree match {
     case Apply(TypeApply(tycon, targs@(targ :: Nil)), args) if tycon.symbol == defn.ArrayConstructor =>
       fullyDefinedType(tree.tpe, "array", tree.span)
 
@@ -1107,6 +1110,28 @@ trait Applications extends Compatibility {
       tree
   }
 
+  /** If `tree` is a complete application of a compiler-generated `apply`
+   *  or `copy` method of an enum case, widen its type to the underlying
+   *  type by means of a type ascription, as long as the widened type is
+   *  still compatible with the expected type.
+   *  The underlying type is the intersection of all class parents of the
+   *  orginal type.
+   */
+  def widenEnumCase(tree: Tree, pt: Type)(using Context): Tree =
+    val sym = tree.symbol
+    def isEnumCopy = sym.name == nme.copy && sym.owner.isEnumCase
+    def isEnumApply = sym.name == nme.apply && sym.owner.linkedClass.isEnumCase
+    if sym.is(Synthetic) && (isEnumApply || isEnumCopy)
+       && tree.tpe.classSymbol.isEnumCase
+       && tree.tpe.widen.isValueType
+    then
+      val widened = TypeComparer.dropSuperTraits(
+        tree.tpe.parents.reduceLeft(TypeComparer.andType(_, _)),
+        pt)
+      if widened <:< pt then Typed(tree, TypeTree(widened))
+      else tree
+    else tree
+
   /** Does `state` contain a  "NotAMember" or "MissingIdent" message as
    *  first pending error message? That message would be
    *  `$memberName is not a member of ...` or `Not found: $memberName`.

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/ReTyper.scala

@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ class ReTyper extends Typer with ReChecking {
   override def inferView(from: Tree, to: Type)(using Context): Implicits.SearchResult =
     Implicits.NoMatchingImplicitsFailure
   override def checkCanEqual(ltp: Type, rtp: Type, span: Span)(using Context): Unit = ()
+
+  override def widenEnumCase(tree: Tree, pt: Type)(using Context): Tree = tree
+
   override protected def addAccessorDefs(cls: Symbol, body: List[Tree])(using Context): List[Tree] = body
   override protected def checkEqualityEvidence(tree: tpd.Tree, pt: Type)(using Context): Unit = ()
   override protected def matchingApply(methType: MethodOrPoly, pt: FunProto)(using Context): Boolean = true

docs/docs/reference/enums/adts.md

@@ -48,15 +48,13 @@ scala> Option.None
 val res2: t2.Option[Nothing] = None
 ```
 
-Note that the type of the expressions above is always `Option`. That
-is, the implementation case classes are not visible in the result
-types of their `apply` methods. This is a subtle difference with
-respect to normal case classes. The classes making up the cases do
-exist, and can be unveiled by constructing them directly with a `new`.
+Note that the type of the expressions above is always `Option`. Generally, the type of a enum case constructor application will be widened to the underlying enum type, unless a more specific type is expected. This is a subtle difference with respect to normal case classes. The classes making up the cases do exist, and can be unveiled, either by constructing them directly with a `new`, or by explicitly providing an expected type.
 
 ```scala
 scala> new Option.Some(2)
-val res3: t2.Option.Some[Int] = Some(2)
+val res3: Option.Some[Int] = Some(2)
+scala> val x: Option.Some[Int] = Option.Some(3)
+val res4: Option.Some[Int] = Some(3)
 ```
 
 As all other enums, ADTs can define methods. For instance, here is `Option` again, with an

docs/docs/reference/enums/desugarEnums.md

@@ -139,10 +139,7 @@ map into `case class`es or `val`s.
    ```scala
    final case class C <params> extends <parents>
    ```
-   However, unlike for a regular case class, the return type of the associated
-   `apply` method is a fully parameterized type instance of the enum class `E`
-   itself instead of `C`.  Also the enum case defines an `ordinal` method of
-   the form
+   The enum case defines an `ordinal` method of the form
    ```scala
    def ordinal = n
    ```
@@ -153,6 +150,14 @@ map into `case class`es or `val`s.
    in a parameter type in `<params>` or in a type argument of `<parents>`, unless that parameter is already
    a type parameter of the case, i.e. the parameter name is defined in `<params>`.
 
+   The compiler-generated `apply` and `copy` methods of an enum case
+   ```scala
+   case C(ps) extends P1, ..., Pn
+   ```
+   are treated specially. A call `C(ts)` of the apply method is ascribed the underlying type
+   `P1 & ... & Pn` (dropping any [super traits](../other-new-features/super-traits.html))
+   as long as that type is still compatible with the expected type at the point of application.
+   A call `t.copy(ts)` of `C`'s `copy` method is treated in the same way.
 
 ### Translation of Enums with Singleton Cases
 

tests/pos/enum-widen.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+object test:
+
+  enum Option[+T]:
+    case Some[T](x: T) extends Option[T]
+    case None
+
+  import Option._
+
+  var x = Some(1)
+  val y: Some[Int] = Some(2)
+  var xc = y.copy(3)
+  val yc: Some[Int] = y.copy(3)
+  x = None
+  xc = None
+
+  enum Nat:
+    case Z
+    case S[N <: Z.type | S[_]](pred: N)
+  import Nat._
+
+  val two = S(S(Z))

tests/pos/i3935.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+enum Foo3[T](x: T) {
+  case Bar[S, T](y: T) extends Foo3[y.type](y)
+}
+
+val foo: Foo3.Bar[Nothing, 3] = Foo3.Bar(3)
+val bar = foo
+
+def baz[T](f: Foo3[T]): f.type = f
+
+val qux = baz(bar) // existentials are back in Dotty?

tests/run-macros/enum-nat-macro/Macros_2.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import Nat._
+
+ inline def toIntMacro(inline nat: Nat): Int = ${ Macros.toIntImpl('nat) }
+ inline def ZeroMacro: Zero.type = ${ Macros.natZero }
+ transparent inline def toNatMacro(inline int: Int): Nat = ${ Macros.toNatImpl('int) }
+
+ object Macros:
+   import quoted._
+
+   def toIntImpl(nat: Expr[Nat])(using QuoteContext): Expr[Int] =
+
+     def inner(nat: Expr[Nat], acc: Int): Int = nat match
+       case '{ Succ($nat) } => inner(nat, acc + 1)
+       case '{ Zero       } => acc
+
+     Expr(inner(nat, 0))
+
+   def natZero(using QuoteContext): Expr[Nat.Zero.type] = '{Zero}
+
+   def toNatImpl(int: Expr[Int])(using QuoteContext): Expr[Nat] =
+
+     // it seems even with the bound that the arg will always widen to Expr[Nat] unless explicit
+
+     def inner[N <: Nat: Type](int: Int, acc: Expr[N]): Expr[Nat] = int match
+       case 0 => acc
+       case n => inner[Succ[N]](n - 1, '{Succ($acc)})
+
+     val Const(i) = int
+     require(i >= 0)
+     inner[Zero.type](i, '{Zero})