update storage extension to v2.0.0

[tylanderson]

Description:

Updates storage extension to v2.0.0. Due to the major changes in v2, I have not attempted to make migrations from v1 to v2

StorageScheme platform property allows templated uri's, so arbitrary additional properties are allowed to be set on StorageScheme objects

PR Checklist:

• Pre-commit hooks pass (run pre-commit run --all-files)
• Tests pass (run pytest)
• Documentation has been updated to reflect changes, if applicable
• This PR maintains or improves overall codebase code coverage.
• Changes are added to the CHANGELOG. See the docs for information about adding to the changelog.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.78788% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.57%. Comparing base (7621455) to head (65f3f83).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pystac/extensions/storage.py	98.67%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1561      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.43%   92.57%   +0.13%     
==========================================
  Files          55       55              
  Lines        8371     8456      +85     
  Branches      964      972       +8     
==========================================
+ Hits         7738     7828      +90     
+ Misses        449      445       -4     
+ Partials      184      183       -1     

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