Sort information about connectors

[patiencedaur]

Epic: Restructure Tarantool docs, stage 3
SME: @ LeonidVas

Root documents:
https://www.tarantool.io/en/download/connectors
https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/book/connectors/
https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/getting_started/getting_started_connectors/

https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/book/connectors/#index-connector-php
https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/getting_started/getting_started_php/

doc/getting_started/getting_started_python.rst
doc/book/connectors/__python.rst

doc/getting_started/getting_started_go.rst
doc/book/connectors/__go.rst

...and more.

Details

It would be great to put all the info on connectors in a single place, removing redundancies and providing cross-links.

Definition of done

• See if there are any broken links
• See that tutorials and instruction are in How-to guides and feature descriptions are in the Dev guide (see [Epic] Restructure docs, stage 3 #3175)
• Provide cross-links between the tutorials and the connector descriptions. Consider adding links to the connector downloads page, too
• Move translations if needed
• Fix broken links
• Create redirects if needed

[andreyaksenov]

Documentation for connectors now lives in one place: https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/connector/ (see #3817).