This is the repository for The Scores Project: Experimental Notation in Music, Art, Poetry, and Dance, 1950–1975, edited by Michael Gallope, Natilee Harren, and John Hicks. This digital book was first published May 6, 2025, by the Getty Research Institute. It is available online at https://www.getty.edu/publications/scores/ and may be downloaded there free of charge in multiple formats.

About the Book

Artists working in and across the fields of visual art, music, poetry, theater, and dance at midcentury began to use experimental scores in ways that revolutionized artistic practice and opened up new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration. Their experimental practices—associated with the neo-avant-garde, neo-Dadaism, intermedia, Fluxus, and postmodernism—exploded in notoriety during the 1960s in locales from New York to Europe, East Asia, and Latin America, becoming foundational to global trends in contemporary art and performance. The Scores Project is a unique digital publication that provides a comprehensive view of this historical moment through a series of experimental scores and complete edition of the groundbreaking An Anthology of Chance Operations (1963). The featured scores by John Cage, George Brecht, Sylvano Bussotti, Morton Feldman, Allan Kaprow, Alison Knowles, Jackson Mac Low, Benjamin Patterson, Yvonne Rainer, Mieko Shiomi, David Tudor, and La Monte Young include expert commentaries from an interdisciplinary team of scholars and are accompanied by a digitized archive of over 2,000 ephemera and audiovisual materials. Ambitious, provocative, and playful, The Scores Project fosters a renewed sense of wonder at this innovative and historically complex moment in the history of art.

Using this Repository

This is one in series of multiformat publications using Quire™, Getty’s multiformat publishing tool.

We are dedicated to maintaining this publication for years to come at the permanent URL, https://www.getty.edu/publications/scores/, and in its various formats and incarnations. For any updates to the book, we will be following something between an app and traditional book publication model. Updates will only be made in regulated chunks as formal revisions and new editions and will always be thoroughly documented here in the repository, as well as in the revision history included with each of the book’s many formats.

The primary content pieces of the book can be found in the content directory. The main branch represents the current, published edition at all times, and the revisions branch, when present, will show changes currently under consideration. We invite you to submit suggestions or corrections via pull request on the revisions branch, by posting an issue, or by emailing us at [email protected].

Development Notes

This project was last built with the following software versions:

• Node 18.20.5
• Quire CLI 1.0.0-rc.15

Branches

branch	about
main	The primary branch
first-pages, second-pages, final-pages, final-pages-v2	Versions of the project at various staages
forthcoming	A static placeholder page that was displayed at the book’s final URL on getty.edu prior to publication
revisions	Any revisions currently under consideration but not yet published
prototype	An early prototype of the project built to verify final data structure and design

Figure Images Submodule

Many of figure images for The Scores Project are licensed from third parties for use exclusively in this publication. As such, they are kept in a separate, private repository, https://github.com/thegetty/scores-images/, which is linked to this main publication repository as a submodule in content/_assets/images/figures/. When cloning this repo for further development, you’ll permissions for the private repository and will need to clone recursively in order to clone both the main repo and the submodule.

git clone --recursive https://github.com/thegetty/scores.git

Previewing the Online Edition Locally

1. Install Node.js 18.16.0 and verify with with node --version

2. Install the Quire CLI with npm install -g @thegetty/[email protected]

3. Clone this repository and select the appropriate branch

4. Run npm install to install the project dependencies (this just needs to be done once when first cloning the project, or whenever the core template/code files are updated)

5. Change the url in content/_data/publication.yaml to http://localhost:8080/

6. See the preview with quire preview

Creating a PDF Version

1. Temporarily switch url in publication.yaml to url: 'http://localhost:8080'

2. Run quire build

3. In _site/pdf.css correct the four @font-face paths at the top of the file by prepending _assets/fonts/. For example:

   src: url("_assets/fonts/u001/u001-reg.woff2")
   

4. With PrinceXML 15.3 installed, run quire pdf --lib prince

Creating an EPUB Version

1. Temporarily switch url in publication.yaml to url: 'http://localhost:8080'

2. Run quire build

3. Inside the _epub directory, run the following find and replace regex patterns to remove links to pages that were not included in the EPUB output:

   FIND: <a href="object-index/[0-9]{3}/.*?" target="object-iframe">((.|\n)*?)</a>
   REPLACE: $1
   

   FIND: <a href="object-index/[0-9]{3}/.*?">((.|\n)*?)</a>
   REPLACE: $1
   

   FIND: <a href="[0-9]{2}/.*?">(.+?)</a>
   REPLACE: $1
   

4. Run quire epub

5. Unzip resulting file, paste the required accessibility metadata items into the <metadata> of the package.opf file, and re-zip.

   <meta property="schema:accessibilitySummary">This publications meets baseline accessibility standards</meta>
   <meta name="schema:accessMode" content="textual" />
   <meta name="schema:accessMode" content="visual" />
   <meta name="schema:accessModeSufficient" content="textual" />
   <meta name="schema:accessModeSufficient" content="visual" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityFeature" content="alternativeText" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityFeature" content="structuralNavigation" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityFeature" content="tableOfContents" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityHazard" content="noFlashingHazard" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityHazard" content="noMotionSimulationHazard" />
   <meta name="schema:accessibilityHazard" content="noSoundHazard" />

Customizations

In addition to changes in content/_assets/styles/custom.css and content/_assets/styles/variables.scss, the following changes have been made to the template and style files in this project:

_includes/components/analytics.js _layouts/base.11ty.js Added Google Analytics 4

_includes/components/copyright/licensing.js Updated language of text-only license to current Getty standard

_includes/components/head.js _includes/components/head-tags/opengraph.js _includes/components/head-tags/twitter-card.js Customized handling of seo metadata

_includes/components/license-icons.js Remove CC SVG icons from epub output

_includes/components/lightbox/ui.js Use text labels instead of icons for full screen, next, and prev

_includes/components/menu/index.js _includes/components/menu/item.js _includes/components/menu/resources.js Restructured menu to appear as page footer Added custom citations by page type, and showed page and book citations

_includes/components/navigation.js Changed to just four links, consistent across all pages

_includes/components/page-header.js Added PDF download link to page header

_includes/components/search.js Replaced icons with text labels, and updated input placeholder text

_includes/components/object-filters/object-card/object-image.webc Used poster as source of thumbnails for audio, video, tables/embeds, and external IIIF

_includes/components/object-filters/object-filters.webc Used "..." instead of "All" in select boxes

_includes/components/object-filters/objects-catalog.webc Added object-filters__controls-group wrapper to aid in styling

_includes/web-components/image-sequence/index.js _includes/web-components/image-sequence/styles.js Fixed .image-sequence height, and sequence styles to work with custom design

_includes/web-components/image-sequence/index.js Added touch support

_plugins/figures/iiif/config.js Changed thumbnail and static-inline size

_plugins/shortcodes/tombstone.js Handle special outputs for Maker and Type properties

_plugins/transforms/outputs/epub/transform.js Add rel="contents" to epub-contents.md page for EPUB validation

_layouts/base.11ty.js Added layout as a top-level class in order to custom style nav bar on certain layouts

_layouts/essay.liquid Added markup for iframe viewer, and passed PDF info in to pageHeader

_layouts/page.liquid Removed prev/next buttons, passed short_title into pageHeader for PDF running feet

_layouts/pdf.liquid _plugins/transforms/outputs/pdf/write.js Improve PDF accessibility

_layouts/score.liquid A custom layout for the primary score landing pages

_layouts/score-object.liquid A custom layout based on quire-entry that adds figure thumbnails for lightbox navigation

_layouts/score-object-cards.liquid A custom layout based on score-object but displays an array of filterable cards in the lightbox

_plugins/figures/iiif/config.js _plugins/figures/image/transformer.js _plugins/shortcodes/objFigure.js package.json Allow for images to be transformed to single-channel bw

_plugins/shortcodes/contributors.js Parse contributor info passed in as JSON string, for score.liquid layout

_plugins/shortcodes/figureGroup.js Added caption and class parameters that can be fed in from shortcode, and simplified HTML markup to remove rows

_plugins/shortcodes/obj.js _plugins/shortcodes/objFigure.js _plugins/shortcodes/index.js Add custom shortcodes for displaying figures/objects

_plugins/transforms/outputs/epub/manifest.js Use config.epub.defaultCoverImage as first choice

_plugins/transforms/outputs/pdf/transform.js Fixed transform that was converting external links to slugified anchor links

content/_assets/fonts/index.scss content/_assets/fonts/u001 Add u001 font

content/_assets/javascript/application/canvas-panel.js Add class to current thumbnail for styling

content/_assets/styles/components/quire-buttons.scss content/_assets/styles/components/quire-page.scss Remove all default <a> and button styles

content/_assets/styles/components/quire-entry.scss Fixed hard-coded heights to use $navbar-height instead

content/_assets/styles/components/q-lightbox-ui.scss Rewrote styles for simpler display of text only links, without icons

content/_assets/styles/colors.scss Define $off-black as $black

License

© 2025 J. Paul Getty Trust

The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. All images are reproduced with the permission of the rights holders acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC BY-NC license covering the rest of this publication. These images may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted, or manipulated without consent from the owners, who reserve all rights.