feat(core): optimize region query efficiency with batched lookups (#10194)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #10194

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #10193.

What is changed and how does it work?

- Add `getRegionsByIDs` for efficient batch retrieval from region map, reducing lock contention.
- Increase default `batchSearchSize` from 16 to 128 to improve efficiency.
- Add benchmark tests (`BenchmarkQueryRegions`) to evaluate performance across region and query sizes.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Release note

None.

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Refactor

  • Improved region querying performance through enhanced batch processing and reduced synchronization overhead.

• Tests

  • Added comprehensive benchmark tests covering various region query scenarios and scales.

_{✏️ Tip: You can customize this high-level summary in your review settings.}

[ti-chi-bot]

This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by triage owners.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

To merge this cherry pick:

1. It must be LGTMed and approved by the reviewers firstly.
2. For pull requests to TiDB-x branches, it must have no failed tests.
3. AFTER it has lgtm and approved labels, please wait for the cherry-pick merging approval from triage owners.

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[ti-chi-bot]

@JmPotato This PR has conflicts, I have hold it.
Please resolve them or ask others to resolve them, then comment /unhold to remove the hold label.

[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: ## If you want to know how to resolve it, please read the guide in TiDB Dev Guide.

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[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by:
Once this PR has been reviewed and has the lgtm label, please ask for approval from jmpotato. For more information see the Code Review Process.
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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following test failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
pull-unit-test-next-gen-3	feed7ae	link	true	/test pull-unit-test-next-gen-3

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard.

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